ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate orthodontists' perceived impacts on their practices as a result of general practitioners (GPs) and direct-to-consumer (DTC) orthodontic care providers and the adaptational changes implemented in the past 10 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic survey was administered to 270 orthodontists in Canada and the United States to determine demographic background, perception of perceived impact, and specific changes implemented to improve practice competitiveness. RESULTS: More experienced orthodontists (P = .0001) and males (P = .027) were more likely to indicate a perceived impact from GP orthodontics. American orthodontists were significantly more likely than Canadian orthodontists to perceive an impact from DTC providers (P = .017). There was a positive association with orthodontists' years of experience and having implemented adaptational changes to their practice for a period greater than 10 years across multiple categories. Female orthodontists were more likely to have implemented adaptational changes for a period of less than 10 years across multiple categories. CONCLUSIONS: The perceived impact of GPs providing orthodontic care was greater than that of DTC providers. American orthodontists were significantly more likely to perceive an impact from DTC providers. Orthodontists have experienced a reduction in referrals from GPs and an increase in referred case difficulty. Less experienced and female orthodontists have made the most adaptive changes to their practices in the past 10 years.
Subject(s)
Orthodontics , Orthodontists , Canada , Dental Care , Female , Humans , Male , Surveys and Questionnaires , United StatesSubject(s)
Bone Screws , Cuspid/abnormalities , Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures , Tooth Movement Techniques , Child , Humans , Male , Molar/abnormalities , Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures/instrumentation , Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures/methods , Tooth Movement Techniques/instrumentation , Tooth Movement Techniques/methodsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Fixed orthodontic appliances have been regarded as a common causative factor of oral lesions. To manage soft tissue discomfort, most orthodontists recommend using a small amount of utility wax over the brackets in order to alleviate trauma. This in vitro study aimed at evaluating friction generated by two types of bracket protectors (customized acetate protector [CAP] and temporary resin protector [TRP]) during the initial stages of orthodontic treatment. METHODS: An experimental model (test unit) was used to assess friction. In order to measure the friction produced in each test, the model was attached to a mechanical testing machine which simulated maxillary canines alignment. Intergroup comparison was carried out by one-way ANOVA with level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS: The friction presented by the TRP group was statistically higher than that of the control group at 6 mm. It was also higher than in the control and CAP groups in terms of maximum friction. CONCLUSIONS: The customized acetate protector (CAP) demonstrated not to interfere in friction between the wire and the orthodontic bracket slot.
Subject(s)
Acetates/chemistry , Composite Resins/chemistry , Friction , Mouth Protectors , Orthodontic Brackets , Dental Alloys/chemistry , Dental Stress Analysis/instrumentation , Elasticity , Equipment Design , Humans , Materials Testing , Nickel/chemistry , Orthodontic Appliance Design , Orthodontic Wires , Stainless Steel/chemistry , Surface Properties , Titanium/chemistryABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar a través de test de microdureza el efecto de la profundidad de polimerización de un composite utilizando diferentes unidades de luz. Fueron preparados cuerpos de prueba utilizando un composite microhíbrido - Filtek Z250 (3M) en matrices de teflón con dos profundidades diferentes: 2 mm y 3 mm, conteniendo un orificio central de 2 mm de diámetro. Los valores de dureza fueron medidos en la región de superficie y en la de fondo. Fueron utilizadas tres unidades de luz, dos a base de Luz Emitida por Diodo - LED: Optilight CL (Gnatus) y Radii (SDI) y una a base de luz halógena: Ultralux (Dabialtante). Después de la fotoactivación durante 40 segundos, los cuerpos de prueba fueron almacenados en recipiente oscuro, durante 24 horas. El test de dureza Vickers fue realizado con el equipo de dureza Shimadzu Micro Hardness Testers, utilizando una carga de 300 gramos por 15 segundos. Fueron realizadas tres identaciones en cada región (superficie y fondo) de los cuerpos de prueba. Los valores de dureza fueron sometidos a análisis de variancia (ANOVA) y al test de Tukey-Kramer (p<0,05).No fue observada diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los equipos fotoactivadores, sin embargo, el equipo Ultralux proporcionó mayores valores de dureza al composite de que los otros equipos. Considerando el tipo de equipo evaluados, no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en relación a la microdureza del composite en las profundidades de 2mm e 3mm en ninguna de las regiones. Comparando las regiones de los cuerpos de prueba analizadas, (superficial y fondo), fue observada diferencia estadísticamente significativa en ambas profundidades y con todos los equipos, siendo los valores dureza Vickers mayores en la región de fondo de los cuerpos de prueba. Concluyese que entre los equipos utilizados, el Ultralux proporcionó mayor dureza al composite siendo estadísticamente significativa, sin embargo, no hubo diferencia significativa...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different depths of cure on the microhardness of a composite resin when using three different types of light units. Test specimens with a 2-mm diameter centered orifice were prepared with a microhybrid composite - Filtek Z250 (3M) using teflon matrices with two different depths: 2 mm and 3 mm. Hardness values were assessed both in superficial and deep areas. Three light units were compared: two light-emitting diode units - Optilight CL (Gnatus) and Radii (SDI), and one halogen-based light unit - Ultralux (Dabialtante). After light curing for 40 minutes, the specimens were stored in a lightproof container for 24 hours. The Vickers hardness test was carried out by the Shimadzu Micro Hardness Tester at a load f 300 grams for 15 seconds. Three test indentations were made in each area (superficial and deep) of the specimens. Mean values of hardness were compared by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), and by the Tukey-Kramer test at 5%. They demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the three light units. The Ultralux device yielded the highest values of hardness regardless the depth of the specimens. It was also observed no statistically significant difference in terms of hardness when comparing the two thicknesses of composite resin within each studied group.
