When should ART workups be done: Following a tiered approach, or all on day one?

Complete ART workups should be performed before any embryo transfer.

Clinical Management of Infertility Associated with Endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review recent data that affected the clinical management of infertility associated with endometriosis. DATA SOURCES: We completed a PubMed review of all articles that included the following keywords: endometriosis, infertility, IVF, and ART. STUDY SELECTION: A study was selected based on the pertinence of the topic addressed in relation to the study's set objectives. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: All identified articles were first assessed based on a review of the abstract. Pertinent articles were reviewed in depth. CONCLUSION: Endometriosis interferes with natural conception primarily by altering the quality of gametes-oocytes and sperm-and early-stage embryos. On the contrary, recent data indicate that gametes and early-stage embryos are not altered in the case of ART. Surgery-a classical approach in yesteryears-does appear to improve ART outcomes and may affect ovarian reserve and the number of oocytes retrieved in ART. Surgery is thus more rarely opted for today and only when necessary; proceeding to fertility preservation prior to surgery is recommended. When ART is performed in women with endometriosis, it is recommended to use an antagonist or progesterone-primed ovarian stimulation approach followed by deferred embryo transfer. In this case, GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) agonist is preferred for triggering ovulation, as it limits the risk of cyst formation as well as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Frozen embryo transfers are best performed in E2 (estradiol) and progesterone replacement cycle.

Bacterial infection in endometriosis: a silver-lining for the development of new non-hormonal therapy?

The pathogenesis of endometriosis is a hotly debated topic, yet still cloaked in multiple layers of hypothetical theories. A recent report raises the possibility that bacterial infection, especially those of the genus Fusobacterium, may be the cause of endometriosis, at least in certain women. More importantly, the demonstration that treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics significantly reduced the size of lesions in a mouse endometriosis model rekindles the hope for new non-hormonal treatments. The development of new therapies has been plagued by strings of unsuccessful clinical trials over the last two decades. Is this antibiotic therapy, a silver lining for the research and development of non-hormonal drugs for endometriosis?

Live Birth After Oocyte Donation In Vitro Fertilization Cycles in Women With Endometriosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Although multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain the infertility related to endometriosis, there are no conclusive data on the association of endometriosis with endometrial receptivity. The oocyte donation model in assisted reproduction technology (ART) cycles can clarify this issue. Objective: To explore the association of a history of endometriosis with ART outcomes in recipients of oocyte donation. Data Sources: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, electronic databases were searched from inception until August 31, 2023, using combinations of relevant keywords. Moreover, we retrieved data from the databases of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) in the US and the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA) in the United Kingdom. Study Selection: Observational studies were included if they investigated the impact of endometriosis on ART outcomes with donor oocytes. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Publicly available data related to ART from various sources were gathered, and a retrospective aggregate and nonaggregate analysis using registries of in vitro fertilization cycles with oocyte or embryo donation was conducted. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was live birth rate (LBR) following oocyte donor cycles. The effect measures of comparisons between groups are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% CI. Results: This study analyzed 7212 oocyte donation cycles from 4 studies for the meta-analysis, along with 162 082 cycles from 2 registries (137 182 from SART and 24 900 from HFEA). No significant differences between the groups were observed in the meta-analysis of published data after adjusting for confounding factors (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.19-1.57). A statistically significant lower LBR was identified in women with endometriosis when analyzing the aggregate data from SART and HFEA databases (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.97). Conclusions and Relevance: This study found a modest decrease in LBR among women with a history of endometriosis, although only results from the pooled analysis of registry data and not those from the meta-analysis reached statistical significance. These findings suggest that a marginal impairment of uterine receptivity may contribute to infertility mechanisms in women affected by endometriosis.

Fertility preservation counseling: old indications, novel perspectives.

Fertility preservation for cancer has existed for three decades. The advent of highly effective oocyte cryopreservation by vitrification has paved the way for social fertility preservation. The options are discussed.

Telomere length: a marker for reproductive aging?

The improvements accomplished in assisted reproductive technology have emphasized more than ever the role played by chronological age, notably for predicting oocyte quality. Studies in cellular aging have directed research on telomere length measurements as possible markers of functional aging and, notably, female reproductive outcomes. Although further research is still needed, encouraging results are already available on the possibility that leucocyte telomere length may be a useful parameter for assessing reproductive potential in aging women.

Subcutaneous progesterone administration provides a similar ongoing pregnancy rate compared with intramuscular progesterone administration in hormone replacement therapy frozen embryo transfer cycles.

Objective: To compare the ongoing pregnancy rates (OPRs) for subcutaneous progesterone (SC-P) to intramuscular progesterone (IM-P) in hormone replacement therapy used in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Design: Prospective nonrandomized cohort study. Setting: Private fertility clinic. Patients: The study enrolled 224 patients scheduled for hormone replacement therapy (HRT)-FET cycles with SC-P (n = 133) or IM-P (n = 91). The route of P administration was decided according to the patient's preference and accessibility to the hospital. In the first FET cycle of a freeze-all cycle using single blastocyst transfers, a woman aged ≤35 was included. Main Outcomes: Ongoing pregnancy (OP). Results: The demographic, cycle, and embryologic characteristics were similar between groups. The clinical pregnancy rates (86/133[64.7%] vs. 57/91[62.6%]); miscarriage rates (21/86 [24.4%] vs. 10/57 [17.5%]), and OPR (65/133 [48.9%] vs. 47/91 [51.6%]) were comparable between the SC-P and IM-P groups. Binary logistic regression for OP as the dependent factor revealed that blastocyst morphology was found to be a significant independent prognosticator (for poor quality embryos adjusted odds ratio, 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.029-0.427) and progesterone route (SC-P vs. IM-P) was an insignificant prognosticator (adjusted odds ratio, 0.694; 95% confidence interval, 0.354-1.358). Conclusions: The OPR for SC-P administration was similar to that for IM-P in HRT-FET cycles. The effect of ET-day P levels may vary regarding the administration route. Randomized controlled trials comparing different P administration routes are needed, and large-scale prospective trials are warranted to evaluate the ET-day P levels on pregnancy outcome.

Successful ART outcome in a woman with McCune-Albright syndrome: a case report and literature review.

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare genetic disease affecting multiple organs, including endocrine tissues. This endocrinopathy is sometimes responsible for infertility, as it may induce an independent functioning of the ovaries leading to anovulatory cycles. This case report describes the infertility journey of a 22-year-old female who had early puberty and irregular periods with high estrogen and progesterone levels, low FSH and LH (on day 3 of her menstrual cycle), and a multi-cystic right ovary. She received several infertility treatments: initially in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM) followed by cyst transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration, all unsuccessful. A right hemi-ovariectomy was performed that eventually restored regular cycles and made it possible to perform ovarian stimulation (OS) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Live birth was obtained after the first embryo transfer.