ABSTRACT
Tropane alkaloids and terpenoids are widely used in the medicine and pharmaceutic industry and evolved as chemical defenses against herbivores and pathogens in the annual herb Datura stramonium (Solanaceae). Here, we present the first draft genomes of two plants from contrasting environments of D. stramonium. Using these de novo assemblies, along with other previously published genomes from 11 Solanaceae species, we carried out comparative genomic analyses to provide insights on the genome evolution of D. stramonium within the Solanaceae family, and to elucidate adaptive genomic signatures to biotic and abiotic stresses in this plant. We also studied, in detail, the evolution of four genes of D. stramonium-Putrescine N-methyltransferase, Tropinone reductase I, Tropinone reductase II and Hyoscyamine-6S-dioxygenase-involved in the tropane alkaloid biosynthesis. Our analyses revealed that the genomes of D. stramonium show signatures of expansion, physicochemical divergence and/or positive selection on proteins related to the production of tropane alkaloids, terpenoids, and glycoalkaloids as well as on R defensive genes and other important proteins related with biotic and abiotic pressures such as defense against natural enemies and drought.
Subject(s)
Datura stramonium/genetics , Datura stramonium/metabolism , Plant Defense Against Herbivory/genetics , Alcohol Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Alkaloids/metabolism , Biological Evolution , Environment , Evolution, Molecular , Gene-Environment Interaction , Genomics/methods , Solanaceae/genetics , Solanaceae/metabolism , Tropanes/metabolism , Whole Genome SequencingABSTRACT
The annual herb, Datura stramonium, is a member of the Solanaceae family. In this study, we report the chloroplast genomes of two Mexican plants of D. stramonium. Both chloroplast genomes of D. stramonium (GenBank accessions: MT610896 and MT610897) were assembled as a circular molecule. The genome size of both plants was similar (155,884 bp). The overall GC content was 38.59% for both genomes. Both chloroplast genomes contained 85 protein-coding sequences (CDS), 131 genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 38 tRNA genes. Thirty-nine microsatellites (SSRs) and 42 long tandem repeats were also identified for both genomes. The phylogenetic relationship between D. stramonium and related Solanaceae species revealed four main groups; Nicotiana, Datura, Capsicum, and Solanum clades. This species tree is consistent with other Solanaceae species trees already published.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: La atención estomatológica integral a la población presenta un amplio marco en el desarrollo de la atención primaria de salud, ya que el estomatólogo está íntimamente relacionado con el médico de la familia.Objetivos: Identificar factores de riesgos en mujeres embarazadas del Área Centro, Sancti Spíritus y diseñar un programa educativo que ayude a disminuirlos.Método: Se utilizó el método descriptivo. El universo estuvo constituido por 100 gestantes. Los datos fueron reunidos mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario diseñado por los autores. El análisis de la información se realizó con el sistema estadístico Stadistica, Package, Scentific, Social (SPSS), a partir de la utilización del método Delphi y de la proyección en tablas de distribución de frecuencias absolutas y relativas.Resultados: El mayor porciento de gestantes que asistieron a la consulta fue el 66 %, perteneciente al área urbana. En cuanto al perfil profesional, predominaron las ocupaciones técnicas (7 %), con un rango de edad comprendido entre los 20 y 24 años (10 %). El nivel preuniversitario fue el más representativo (39 %). Entre los factores de riesgo biológico el que más se presentó fue el antecedente de caries con 67 % y los factores de riesgo por hábitos, en los que predominó la deficiente higiene bucal en 63 %. Se diseñó un programa educativo.Conclusión: El área urbana fue la más representativa en las consultas de gestantes. El nivel técnico fue el que más predominó en el aspecto ocupacional y el nivel educacional en el preuniversitario. Los factores de riesgos presentes fueron la deficiente higiene bucal y la dieta cariogénica. El programa educativo diseñado debe lograr el abandono de los factores de riesgos [AU]
Subject(s)
Humans , Program Development , Risk Factors , Pregnant WomenABSTRACT
The Swedish regulations concerning disposal of clinical radioactive waste are currently under revision and a graded approach is proposed for risk limitation purposes. To assist the revision procedures, a screening study was performed to estimate public exposures from liquid releases from hospitals to public sewers. The results showed that doses to sewage workers were above the dose constraint of 100 microSv a(-1) especially for 131I and (99m)Tc. Hence, a dynamic model, LUCIA, was developed for realistic assessments in which radionuclide transportation in sewers was modelled. Probabilistic simulations were performed to obtain probability distributions of radionuclide concentrations in sludge. Concurrently, estimates of the effective doses to sewage workers decreased significantly and were below 10 microSv a(-1) except for 111In and 131I. However, the Kd-coefficients representing the partition of radioactivity between water and sludge in sewers are highly uncertain for 111In. As shown by sensitivity studies, these values are the major determinant of the exposures in sewers.
Subject(s)
Medical Waste/analysis , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Radioactive Waste/analysis , Water Pollutants, Radioactive/analysis , Hospitals , Indium Radioisotopes/analysis , Iodine Radioisotopes/analysis , Risk Assessment , Sewage/analysisABSTRACT
We present the case of a 57-year-old patient who had worked at a fiber-cement factory for 28 years. The patient developed an epithelioid-type pleural mesothelioma 5 years after retiring, after he was diagnosed with asbestosis. Only 5 months after the diagnosis of mesothelioma, a medullar section appeared to be totally invaded by a tumor in the medullar canal, thus causing paraplegia and affecting the bladder and anal sphincters. The patient underwent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and achieved partial recovery, but died 9 months after the diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Asbestosis/complications , Mesothelioma/secondary , Palliative Care/methods , Pleural Neoplasms/pathology , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/secondary , Spinal Neoplasms/secondary , Thoracic Vertebrae , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Combined Modality Therapy , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Male , Mesothelioma/diagnosis , Mesothelioma/etiology , Mesothelioma/therapy , Middle Aged , Pleural Neoplasms/diagnosis , Pleural Neoplasms/etiology , Pleural Neoplasms/therapy , Pleurodesis/methods , Radiotherapy/methods , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/diagnosis , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/therapy , Spinal Neoplasms/therapy , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Four familial reciprocal translocations detected in a chromosomic study made to a population of newborn babies with two or more congenital defects following the methodology of ECEMC is analyzed. We followed the criteria of pachytene-dyagrem model of Jalbert et al (1980) to predict the most probable mode of imbalance for reciprocal translocations is followed. On the four translocations it was observed the type of segregation which was most probable following that model: three of them produced imbalance by a 3:1 segregation and the other one be adjacent 1. According to these results and regarding that a given translocation produces imbalances almost always by the same mechanism, we can provide a useful information for genetic counselling for these families.
