ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer according to the stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as well as the evaluation of overall and disease-free survival according to TILs. METHODS: A six years (2008-2013) review was done including patients with locally advanced breast cancer that received neoadjuvant therapy and then surgery. An evaluation of the percentage of TILs was done in the pretreatment biopsies and a correlation analysis and survival curves were done. RESULTS: 187 patients were evaluated. The pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with TILs ≥30% was 58.5%, and in patients with TILsâ¯<â¯30% was 11% (p <0.001). An Odds Ratio of 8.85 was obtained in patients with TILs ≥30% to achieve a pCR. This relationship was seen in patients with HER2-enriched and triple-negative subtypes. No correlation between TILs and survival was obtained (OS: log-rank; p = 0.834; DFS: log-rank; p = 0.937). CONCLUSIONS: The study of TILs is important because they represent an additional tool to predict the response to neoadjuvant treatment mostly in HER2-enriched and triple-negative subtypes of breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology , Neoplasm Staging/methods , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biopsy , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Female , Humans , Mastectomy/methods , Middle Aged , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate/trends , Venezuela/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objetivo: Evaluar el estado nutricional de niños con discapacidad Intelectual de la Ciudad de la Rioja con edades de 6 - 14 año que asistan a escuelas especiales. Material y Método: se trabajó con todos los niños de 6-14 años con discapacidad intelectual y en sus diferentes grados de retraso de las escuelas de educación especial de la Ciudad de La Rioja en el período Diciembre de 2013. Conclusiones: En la presente investigación se obtuvo que la valoración nutricional realizada en los niños con discapacidad intelectual fue de un 39% de los casos estudiados son eutróficos, correspondiendo más a la edad de 11 años, el 21,5% presentan sobrepeso, siendo los niños de 14 años con mayor frecuencia, el 18% con riesgo de bajo peso, siendo los niños de 10 años con mayor riesgo de padecerlo, el 12% con obesidad siendo los niños de 12 años con mayor frecuencia y el 9,5% con bajo peso siendo los niños de 12 años los que más lo padecen. Sugerencias: En investigaciones futuras se sugiere tener en cuenta la desnutrición oculta en estos niños debido a las malas conductas alimentarias por parte de los padres o tutor a cargos de los niños, para poder incorporar futuras medidas preventivas frente a casos de hipoalimentación y su evolución en el crecimiento y desarrollo acorde a sus necesidades
ABSTRACT: Objetivo: Evaluate the nutritional status of children whit intellectual disabilities in the city of La Rioja whit ages of 6-14 years old and attending special schools. Material y Método: I work whit all children 6-14 years old whit intellectual disability and their different degrees of retardation of the city of La Rioja in the period December, 2013. Conclusions: In this research was obtained que nutritional assessment carried aut in children whit disabilities intelectual was 39% of the casres studied are eutroficos corresponding to the ege of 11 years, 21,5 % are overwheight siendi the fourteen most frequently ninis, 18 % with risk of low weight, as the children old 10 years wit increased risk of developing it, 12 % obese children over 12 years with greater frecuency and 9,5 % underwheigt children of 12. Suggestions:In future research it is suggested to take into account idden malnutrition in children due to bad food behavior by parents or guardian in charge of the children, to incorporate future preventive measeres against cases of hipoalimentacion and its evolution in the growth and developed
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Child , Child , Disabled Children , Maternal and Child Health , Nutritional StatusABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Training and experience of the surgical team are fundamental for the safety and success of complex surgical procedures, such as laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. METHODS: We describe an inert, simple, very low-cost, and readily available training model. Created using a "black box" and basic medical and surgical material, it allows training in the fundamental steps necessary for laparoscopic biliary tract surgery, namely, (1) intraoperative cholangiography, (2) transcystic exploration, and (3) laparoscopic choledochotomy, and t-tube insertion. RESULTS: The proposed model has allowed for the development of the skills necessary for partaking in said procedures, contributing to its development and diminishing surgery time as the trainee advances down the learning curve. Further studies are directed towards objectively determining the impact of the model on skill acquisition. CONCLUSION: The described model is simple and readily available allowing for accurate reproduction of the main steps and maneuvers that take place during laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, with the purpose of reducing failure and complications.
