Characterization of Fusarium solani Populations Associated with Spanish Strawberry Crops.

Fusarium solani is an emerging pathogen reported on Spanish strawberry crops both in nurseries and in fruit production fields, causing wilt and root rot. Pathogenicity, morphocultural characteristics, and sensitivity to biocides of 103 F. solani isolates recovered from symptomatic strawberry plants and soils from both Spanish strawberry areas were determined. The differences of isolates within and between nurseries and field crops in relation to these parameters were analyzed. Considerable variability in morphological and pathogenic characteristics was observed among the isolates in both areas. The majority of isolates were not pathogenic (62%), and only 38 F. solani isolates (37.62%) caused disease on strawberry plants under controlled conditions; 52.63% of pathogenic isolates induced low severity symptoms. Almost 70% of pathogenic isolates caused stunting on plants. The morphological characters that best explain the F. solani variability (86.85%) were colony color and the presence of macroconidia on culture medium. The sensitivity to the fumigants tested was similar between the isolates from nurseries and fruit production fields, showing greater sensitivity to the field doses of dazomet and chloropicrin. However, the isolates were less sensitive to metam sodium and poorly sensitive to 1,3-dichloropropene. This work can contribute to the advancement of sustainable production of strawberry.

Long-term evaluation of phrenic nerve pacing for respiratory failure due to high cervical spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVES: Phrenic nerve pacing is a method of respiratory support that can replace mechanical ventilation in high-level cervical spinal cord injury patients with diaphragmatic paralysis. Our objective was to evaluate survival and long-term quality of life in patients with external respiratory support by PNP vs volumetric respirator in patients with severe respiratory insufficiency due to a high-level spinal cord injury. DESIGN: This is a retrospective review study of a prospectively collected database for evaluate the survival and a questionnaire for quality of life has been collected face-to-face or by telephone at present. PATIENTS: Cervical SCI patients with permanent respiratory support (PNP or MV). METHODS: Long-term evaluation of a cohort of PNP-supported patients. We performed a comparison between these patients and volumetric respirator-supported patients. For survival analysis, we used the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. The health-related quality of life was assessed with SF-36 questionnaire, a general HRQL evaluation. RESULTS: One hundred twenty six patients on permanent respiratory support were evaluated during the study period. Of these, 38 were on PNP and 88 were mechanically ventilated. Paced patients were younger and had a longer survival, but in a multivariate analysis adjusted for age using a multiple logistic correlation we found that length of survival was greater for PNP patients. In terms of HRQL, the PNP-supported patients showed better results in terms of social functioning. CONCLUSIONS: PNP is a stable and effective method of long-term respiratory support in this type of patients (SCI patients dependent on external respiratory support). In these patients it improves the length of survival and some social issues by quality of life when compared with patients under MV.

Leucoencefalopatía posterior reversible en un paciente con lesión medular / Reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy in a patient with spinal cord injury

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Mielitis transversa aguda: revisión clínica y algoritmo de actuación diagnóstica / Acute transverse myelitis: a clinical review and algorithm for diagnostic intervention

Introducción. Bajo el término de mielitis transversa aguda (MTA) se engloba un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades, con el nexo común de producir una lesión focal inflamatoria de la médula espinal, de forma aguda. Para intentar agrupar todas las etiologías que pueden cursar con dicha afectación, se intenta hoy en día definir varios grupos de patologías con un nexo común: aquellas MTA asociadas a algún proceso causante, o al menos predisponente de la MTA, como son ciertas infecciones, procesos sistémicos y/o multifocales inmunológicos, e incluso tumorales, y aquéllas en las que no llegamos a conocer dicho desencadenante, a las que llamamos entonces MTA idiopáticas. Objetivo. Conocer las distintas clases de MTA existentes, creando un algoritmo diagnóstico que ayude a dicha clasificación de forma ordenada, simplificando el trabajo al clínico que se enfrente a una MTA, y exponiendo su diagnóstico diferencial, pronóstico y posible tratamiento. Desarrollo. Se consultan las últimas guías y trabajos publicados relacionados con la MTA, sobre todo desde el punto de vista diagnóstico y terapéutico. Conclusiones. Nuestro conocimiento de la MTA se está viendo modificado constantemente con el advenimiento de nuevas técnicas diagnósticas y teorías que intentan explicar su origen, probablemente inmunológico. Desgraciadamente, el tratamiento y, por tanto, el pronóstico no han variado en la misma proporción al conocimiento que vamos adquiriendo en las otras áreas. Sin duda, queda un camino importante por recorrer, pero el futuro próximo nos puede enseñar más sobre esta enfermedad (AU)

Introduction. Under the term of acute transverse myelitis (ATM), there are included a heterogeneous group of diseases, with the nexus common to produce an inflammatory focal injury of the spinal cord, of acute form. In order to try to group all the etiologies that can provoke this affectation, it is nowadays tried to define several groups of pathologies with a common nexus: those ATM associated to some process, or at least predisposed of the ATM, like are certain infections, immunological systemic and/or multifocal processes, and inclusive tumors, but when we did not get to know this triggering factor, then calling them idiopathic ATM. Aim. To know the different classes from existing ATM, creating an algorithm diagnosis that helps to this classification of ordinate form, simplifying the work to the clinicians that faces a ATM, exposing its differential diagnosis, prognosis and possible treatment. Development. For it we consulted the last guides and works published related to the ATM, mainly from the diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. Conclusions. Our knowledge of the ATM is being constantly modified with the coming of new diagnostic techniques and theories that try to explain their origin, probably immunological. Unfortunately, the treatment, and therefore the prognosis, has not varied in the same proportion to the knowledge that we are acquiring in the other areas. Without a doubt, it is a way important to walk, but the next future can teach to us more on this disease (AU)

[Acute transverse myelitis: a clinical review and algorithm for diagnostic intervention]. / Mielitis transversa aguda: revisión clínica y algoritmo de actuación diagnóstica.

INTRODUCTION: Under the term of acute transverse myelitis (ATM), there are included a heterogeneous group of diseases, with the nexus common to produce an inflammatory focal injury of the spinal cord, of acute form. In order to try to group all the etiologies that can provoke this affectation, it is nowadays tried to define several groups of pathologies with a common nexus: those ATM associated to some process, or at least predisposed of the ATM, like are certain infections, immunological systemic and/or multifocal processes, and inclusive tumors, but when we did not get to know this triggering factor, then calling them idiopathic ATM. AIM: To know the different classes from existing ATM, creating an algorithm diagnosis that helps to this classification of ordinate form, simplifying the work to the clinicians that faces a ATM, exposing its differential diagnosis, prognosis and possible treatment. DEVELOPMENT: For it we consulted the last guides and works published related to the ATM, mainly from the diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. CONCLUSIONS: Our knowledge of the ATM is being constantly modified with the coming of new diagnostic techniques and theories that try to explain their origin, probably immunological. Unfortunately, the treatment, and therefore the prognosis, has not varied in the same proportion to the knowledge that we are acquiring in the other areas. Without a doubt, it is a way important to walk, but the next future can teach to us more on this disease.

Herpes zoster en lactantes / Herpes zoster in infants

The authors present the clinical history of four children under two years of age who were hospitalized in the Arnulfo Arias Madrid Medical Complex with the diagnosis of herpes zoster. The mothers of these children had varicella when in the third, sixth, eight and fifth month of pregnancy respectively and the children were 3, 24, 14 and 8 months old when they had herpes zoster. The first child (whose mother had varicella when she was three months pregnant) was born underweight, dysphagic and premature. The fourth (whose mother had varicella in the 5th. month of gestation) was only underweight. The other two (mothers had varicella in the 6th and 8th month of pregnancy, respectively) were born without apparent abnormality. The authors, based on their findings, believe that there is risk for the child to have a congenital malformation when the mother develops varicella in the first months of pregnancy

[Herpes zoster in infants]. / Herpes zoster en lactantes.

The authors present the clinical history of four children under two years of age who were hospitalized in the Arnulfo Arias Madrid Medical Complex with the diagnosis of herpes zoster. The mothers of these children had varicella when in the third, sixth, eight and fifth month of pregnancy respectively and the children were 3, 24, 14 and 8 months old when they had herpes zoster. The first child (whose mother had varicella when she was three months pregnant) was born underweight, dysphagic and premature. The fourth (whose mother had varicella in the 5th. month of gestation) was only underweight. The other two (mothers had varicella in the 6th and 8th month of pregnancy, respectively) were born without apparent abnormality. The authors, based on their findings, believe that there is risk for the child to have a congenital malformation when the mother develops varicella in the first months of pregnancy.

[Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia as a cause of fever of undetermined origin (presentation of a case)]. / Displasia ectodérmica anhidrótica como causa de fiebre de origen por determinar (presentacion de un caso).

The authors present the case of a patient hospitalized with the diagnosis of "fever of undetermined origin" (FUO) in whom the physical examination and laboratory tests (including a skin biopsy) showed that the child had anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. We study the differential diagnosis, the clinical findings, the histopathology and genetics of this entity.

[Benign hemophagocytic syndrome. First confirmed case in Panama]. / Síndrome hemofagocítico benigno, Primer caso confirmado en Panamá.

The authors present the clinical history of the first case of benign hemophagocytic syndrome diagnosed in Panama. The patient, a 4 year old girl, presented with fever, anemia, cervical lymphadenitis, hepatomegaly, lymphocytosis and histophagocytosis of red cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets. Spontaneous remission of the fever occurred sixty days after the onset of the disease. Although it was not possible to demonstrate serologically that the syndrome was due to acute toxoplasmosis, she was treated with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine for fifteen days, on the 37th hospital day, and with clindamycin for ten days, consecutively. Remission occurred seventy days after the onset of fever. A second serological examination for toxoplasmosis (immunofluorescent antibodies) was positive in a titer of 1:2048 again, nine months after the first serology.