Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) Based on Machine Learning Techniques for the Detection and Transcription of Variable Message Signs on Roads.

Among the reasons for traffic accidents, distractions are the most common. Although there are many traffic signs on the road that contribute to safety, variable message signs (VMSs) require special attention, which is transformed into distraction. ADAS (advanced driver assistance system) devices are advanced systems that perceive the environment and provide assistance to the driver for his comfort or safety. This project aims to develop a prototype of a VMS (variable message sign) reading system using machine learning techniques, which are still not used, especially in this aspect. The assistant consists of two parts: a first one that recognizes the signal on the street and another one that extracts its text and transforms it into speech. For the first one, a set of images were labeled in PASCAL VOC format by manual annotations, scraping and data augmentation. With this dataset, the VMS recognition model was trained, a RetinaNet based off of ResNet50 pretrained on the dataset COCO. Firstly, in the reading process, the images were preprocessed and binarized to achieve the best possible quality. Finally, the extraction was done by the Tesseract OCR model in its 4.0 version, and the speech was done by the cloud service of IBM Watson Text to Speech.

Colorectal adenomas contain multiple somatic mutations that do not coincide with synchronous adenocarcinoma specimens.

We have performed a comparative ultrasequencing study of multiple colorectal lesions obtained simultaneously from four patients. Our data show that benign lesions (adenomatous or hyperplastic polyps) contain a high mutational load. Additionally multiple synchronous colorectal lesions show non overlapping mutational signatures highlighting the degree of heterogeneity between multiple specimens in the same patient. Observations in these cases imply that considering not only the number of mutations but an effective oncogenic combination of mutations can determine the malignant progression of colorectal lesions.

[Recommendations of the Spanish Pancreatic Club on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis: part 2 (treatment)]. / Recomendaciones del Club Español Pancreático para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la pancreatitis crónica: parte 2 (tratamiento).

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a complex disease with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic disease to disabling forms or serious complications. The management of CP frequently differs among geographical areas and even among centers. These differences are due to the scarcity of high-quality studies and clinical practice guidelines that focus on the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The aim of the Spanish Pancreatic Club was to create evidence-based recommendations for the management of CP. Two coordinators chose a multidisciplinary panel of 24 experts in this disease. These experts were selected on the basis of their clinical and research experience in CP. A list of questions was drawn up and each question was then reviewed by two panelists. These questions were then used to produce a draft, which was discussed in a face-to-face meeting with all the participants. Levels of evidence were based on the classification of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. In the second part of the consensus process, recommendations were established for the management of pain, pseudocysts, biliary and duodenal stenosis, pancreatic fistula and ascites, left portal hypertension, diabetes mellitus, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and nutritional support in CP.

[Recommendations of the Spanish Pancreatic Club on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis: part 1 (diagnosis)]. / Recomendaciones del Club Español Pancreático para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la pancreatitis crónica: parte 1 (diagnóstico).

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a relatively uncommon, complex and highly heterogeneous disease. There is no clear pattern applicable to the initial stages of CP, which hampers its early diagnosis. Some of the complications of CP, especially chronic pain, can be difficult to manage. There is wide variation in the diagnosis and treatment of CP and its complications among centers and health professionals. The Spanish Pancreatic Club has developed a consensus document on the management of CP. Two coordinators chose a multidisciplinary panel of 24 experts in this disease. A list of questions was drawn up. Each question was reviewed by two experts. These questions were then used to produce a draft, which was discussed in a face-to-face meeting with all the participants. The first part of the consensus document focusses on the diagnosis of CP and its complications.

Low-avidity antibodies to carbonic anhydrase-I and -II in autoimmune chronic pancreatitis.

Antibodies (Abs) to carbonic anhydrase (isoforms CA-I and CA-II) have been considered pathogenic factors in the development of autoimmune pancreatitis. Besides, such autoAbs might accelerate the pancreatic damage in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (CP). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of serum Abs to CA-I and CA-II in CP and the relative affinity of these Abs. Serum anti-CA-I and -CA-II Abs were measured in 89 patients with CP (48 alcoholic and 41 nonalcoholic) by an ELISA technique. The prevalence of those autoAbs in CP was compared with other autoimmune diseases where they have also been found. The presence of other serological manifestations of autoimmunity, such as hypergammaglobulinemia or antinuclear Abs, was determined in CP patients as well. Elevated serum levels of both anti-CA-I (24%) and -CA-II (18%) Abs were observed in CP, although their prevalence was lower than in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (44 and 25%, respectively) or systemic lupus erythematosus (39% for anti-CA-I Abs). Furthermore, these Abs were of low average avidity. On the other hand, a significantly higher proportion of nonalcoholic CP had anti-CA-II Abs with respect to alcoholic CP (15.2 vs. 2.4%, p < 0.05). Anti-CA-I and -CA-II Abs might be helpful in the diagnosis of autoimmune CP, and the detection of the latter Abs seems to discard alcoholic etiology. Although it does not discard any pathogenic role in autoimmune CP, the low-avidity of anti-CA Abs argues against such idea.