Effects of lower limb muscle strengthening on interface pressure in older adults undergoing inelastic compression: Randomized controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of lower limb muscle strengthening on interface pressure (IP), static stiffness index (SSI), dynamic stiffness index (DSI), and walking pressure amplitude (WPA) in older adults undergoing inelastic compression therapy. METHOD: Forty-three healthy older adults of both sexes (Age: 66.2 ± 4.4 years) met the eligibility criteria and completed all stages of the study (Resistance Training - RT: N = 20; Control - CONT: N = 23). Body composition, strength and functional mobility of lower limbs, IP, SSI, DSI, and WPA were evaluated before and after intervention. RESULTS: The two-way ANOVA with repeated measures demonstrated a significant time-group interaction effect on muscular strength for 1-RM [F (1, 41) = 21.091; p ≤ 0.001], IP in the orthostatic position [F (1, 41) = 5.124; p ≤ 0.05], minimum WPA [F (1, 41) = 10.999; p ≤ 0.05], maximum WPA [F (1, 41) = 8.315; p ≤ 0.05], DSI minimum (F (1, 41) = 4.608; p ≤ 0.05), DSI maximum (F (1, 41) = 8.926; p ≤ 0.05), and on the delta DSI (F (1, 41) = 7.891; p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In RT group, the increase in lower limb muscle strength was accompanied by an increase in IP in foot dorsiflexion and plantar flexion maneuvers, both in the standing position (DSI) and during gait (WPA).

Effects of a physical exercise or motor activity protocol on cognitive function, lipid profile, and BDNF levels in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

This study analyzed the effects of a physical exercise program compared to the complexity of the motor task on the cognitive function, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and lipid profile of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Twenty-seven participants were randomized into three intervention groups: Physical Exercise (PE), Motor Task (MT), and Physical Exercise associated with Motor Task (PE + MT). Six months of intervention twice a week resulted in improvements in cognitive function, total cholesterol (TC), and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) in the PE (p < 0.05). In the PE + MT, in addition to improved cognitive capacity, there was also a reduction in non-HDL cholesterol (NHDL-C) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (p < 0.05), while in the MT, the values of TC, NHDL-C, and LDL-C decreased as a result of the intervention. BDNF levels were not affected by the interventions. In conclusion, PE alone or combined with MT is effective in promoting improvements in overall cognitive function and lipid profile in older adults with MCI; and BDNF seems not to be a sensitive marker for people with mild cognitive impairment.

Physical exercise and its effects on people with Parkinson's disease: Umbrella review.

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease is neurodegenerative, complex and progressive, manifesting in a slow and irreversible way. Physical exercise has been proposed as therapeutic alternative to people with Parkinson´s disease. OBJECTIVE: To synthesize knowledge about the effects of physical exercise on people with Parkinson´s Disease as presented by published systematic reviews. METHODS: Nine electronic databases and two grey literature databases were searched for systematic reviews reporting the effects of physical exercises on people with Parkinson´s Disease. Searches involved a two-phase process, by, at least, two independent reviewers. Methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was assessed using AMSTAR-2. RESULTS: From 2,122 systematic reviews, 139 were included. Motor outcomes were assessed in 91% of the studies, with balance being the most studied. Non-motor outcomes were assessed in 68% of the studies, with emphasis on quality of life. Physical exercises were classified into five categories: aerobic exercises, strength, combined, sensorimotor activities and other activity protocols. Findings of the systematic reviews suggest that all exercise categories can be prescribed to improve balance and mobility, while combined exercises, strength, and specific activities improve both motor and non-motor outcomes, and aerobic exercise and sensorimotor activities improve motor outcomes. CONCLUSION: Current evidence from systematic reviews suggests that physical exercises impacts both motor and non-motor outcomes in people with Parkinson´s Disease. Limits in evidence provided by the systematic reviews were related to methodological issues and to the description of the interventions and must be considered to improve decision-making and clinical application.

Resistance training reduces platelet activation in hypertensive women: the role of purinergic signaling.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Essential arterial hypertension is a risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arterial aneurysm, which are related to the activation of platelets. Purinergic signaling has a central role in platelet aggregation. Although ATP and ADP can act as a proaggregant agent, adenosine inhibits platelet aggregation and reduces vascular injury. Physical exercise exhibits antiaggregant properties and can modulate purinergic system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6 months of resistance training on purinergic system components in platelets and on platelet activation, hemodynamic and anthropometric parameters in hypertensive woman. METHOD: A total of 31 hypertensive and 28 normotensive middle-aged sedentary women were submitted to 6 months of resistance training. Purinergic enzymes activities were assessed in platelets; ATP and Tromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels were measured in serum. Blood pressure (BP), BMI, and body fat were also measured. All variables were statistically analyzed, considering P value less than 0.05. RESULTS: Six months of resistance training was able to significantly reduce BP, ATP, and TXB2 levels as well as NTPDase, ecto-5'nucleotidase, and ADA activities in hypertensive group. After 6 months of resistance training, purinergic system components and TXB2 of hypertensive group were similar to normotensive group in platelets, demonstrating that resistance training was able to modulate platelet activation. A positive correlation was found between BP, enzyme activities, and levels of ATP and TXB2. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated the relationship between purinergic signaling and platelet activation in hypertension and suggests that resistance training serve as tool to reduce platelet aggregation in hypertensive woman by modulating purinergic system.

The use of a single resistance exercise with or without blood flow restriction in the treatment of pain in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial / A utilização de um único exercício resistido com ou sem restrição do fluxo sanguíneo no tratamento da dor na osteoartrite de joelho: um ensaio clínico randomizado

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Physical exercise is an efficient non-pharmacological strategy for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Blood flow restriction (BFR) is a technique known to enhance strength and hypertrophy gains when combined with low-intensity resistance exercise. This study aimed to analyze the effects of 12 weeks of low-intensity resistance training with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on pain control and strength improvement in patients with KOA. METHODS: Two intervention groups performed low-intensity resistance exercise (knee joint extension on the leg extension chair at 30% of one repetition maximum) with (LI+BFR, n=13) or without blood flow restriction (LI, n=13), twice a week for 12 weeks. Preand post-test of one repetition maximum, functional strength (Chair-test), peak torque for unilateral knee extension exercise and pain (Visual Analogue Scale) were evaluated. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed between treatments in pain reduction (p>0.05). Both interventions increased muscle strength and functional strength after 12 weeks of intervention (p<0.05). The peak torque for knee joint extension increased only in the LI+BFR group (p<0.05). Has no difference in reducing pain in patients with KOA among the groups (p< 0.05), both in the LI+BFR and the LI group. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed that BFR associated with low-intensity resistance exercise does not produce additional effects in terms of pain reduction and strength gain in patients with knee osteoarthritis, when compared to resistance exercise alone.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O exercício físico é uma estratégia não farmacológica eficiente para o tratamento da osteoartrite de joelho (OAJ). A restrição do fluxo sanguíneo (RFS) é uma técnica conhecida por potencializar o ganho de força e hipertrofia quando combinada com exercícios de resistência de baixa intensidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos de 12 semanas de treinamento de resistência de baixa intensidade com e sem restrição de fluxo sanguíneo (RFS) no controle da dor e melhora da força em pacientes com OAJ. MÉTODOS: Dois grupos de intervenção realizaram exercício resistido de baixa intensidade (extensão da articulação do joelho na cadeira extensora a 30% de uma repetição máxima) com (ER+RFS, n=13) ou sem restrição do fluxo sanguíneo (ER, n=13), duas vezes por semana durante 12 semanas. Foram avaliados pré e pós-teste de uma repetição máxima, força funcional (Chair-test), pico de torque para exercício de extensão de joelho unilateral e dor (Escala Analógica Visual). RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os tratamentos na redução da dor (p>0,05). Ambas as intervenções aumentaram a força muscular e a força funcional após 12 semanas de intervenção (p<0,05). O pico de torque para extensão da articulação do joelho aumentou apenas no grupo ER+RFS (p<0,05). A dor crônica relacionada à OAJ não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa na redução da dor (p> 0,05) em resposta a ambas as intervenções. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do presente estudo evidenciaram que a RFS associada ao exercício de resistência de baixa intensidade não prouduz efeitos adicinais na redução da dor e no ganho de força em pacientes com osteoartrite de joelho, quando comparada apenas ao exercício de resistência.

Functional Capacity, Lipid Profile, and Associated Factors in Older Adults Living in Urban and Rural Areas.

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, functional strength, aerobic capacity, and lipid profile of older adults living in urban and rural areas. For this purpose, 208 older adults were evaluated (132 living in rural areas and 73 living in urban areas). Sociodemographic data were collected, and functional strength, aerobic capacity, and lipid profile of older adults living in the southern region of Brazil were evaluated. Only total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were associated with place of residence (p < 0.05), and living in the countryside was associated with low aerobic capacity (p=0.010). The use of medication (OR = 3.01; p=0.012) and smoking (OR = 0.30; p=0.027) were the only variables that explained aerobic performance, regardless of place of residence. In conclusion, place of residence is not a factor that, alone or in combination with other conditions, affects the functional performance or lipid profile of the older adult population.

Acute effects of the resistance exercise associated with different blood flow restriction pressures on bone remodeling biomarkers.

Background: The present study analyzed the acute responses of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) to the low-intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction using different occlusion pressures. Methods: Twelve women completed the three protocols of this crossover study: resistance exercise without blood flow restriction (RE), resistance exercise with blood flow restriction and occlusion pressure corresponding to 70% of systolic blood pressure (RE + BFR70), and resistance exercise with blood flow restriction and occlusion pressure corresponding 130% of systolic blood pressure (RE + BFR130). All exercises were performed in a guided squat apparatus with load corresponded to 30% of one-repetition maximum test. Results: Relative to resting levels, PTH concentrations decreased significantly (p = .000) post-exercise in all groups and increased significantly (p = .000) 15 min post-exercise in RE + BFR70 and RE + BFR130 groups; PTH concentrations returned to resting levels after the 30-min recovery period in all groups. There was no significant difference (p >.05) between BSAP values at rest and 30 min post-exercise. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results showed that protocols with blood flow restriction using occlusion pressures equivalent to 70% and 130% of systolic blood pressure were more effective than RE alone to induce PTH peaks, and to promote a metabolic condition favorable to bone anabolism.

Resistance training affects the hemodynamic parameters of hypertensive and normotensive women differently, and regardless of performance improvement.

BACKGROUND: Although the positive effects of resistance training (RT) on strength and functional capacity have been well evidenced in the scientific literature, the effects of RT on blood pressure and the relationship of these responses with performance improvement are not yet well established. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the effects of three and six months of RT on the hemodynamic parameters and functional capacity of hypertensive and normotensive women. METHOD: Sixteen hypertensive and 15 normotensive elderly women participated in a RT protocol designed to increase muscle strength and hypertrophy, lasting six months, twice a week. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) had a reduction at six months only in hypertensive patients, while diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased at six months of intervention in both groups (p < 0.05). SBP showed differences between the groups in the pretest (p < 0.05), but not at three and six months of intervention (p > 0.05). Heart rate (HR) was reduced at three months in hypertensive patients, and at six months in the normotensive (p < 0.05). The strength and functional mobility of both hypertensive and normotensive individuals significantly increased at three and six months of intervention (p < 0.05). Hypertensive women showed increased strength at all moments, while normotensive ones showed improvement only at six months. CONCLUSION: Moderate to high intensity RT improves the hemodynamic parameters of hypertensive and normotensive women differently, and independently of strength gain and functional capacity improvement.

The Efficacy of Functional and Traditional Exercise on the Body Composition and Determinants of Physical Fitness of Older Women: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

AIM: To analyze the efficacy of functional training (FT) and traditional training (TT) in body composition and determinants of physical fitness in older women. METHODS: This is a randomized clinical trial in which participants performed two 12-week periods of different training methods, separated by eight weeks of washout. Forty-eight physically active older women (≥60 years of age) completed the intervention in three groups: (i) program that started with FT and ended with TT (FT ⟶ TT: n = 19), (ii) program that started with TT and ended with FT (TT ⟶ FT: n = 13), and (iii) stretching group (SG: n = 16). Before and after the interventions, the body composition was evaluated by bioimpedance, the physical fitness by battery of the Senior Fitness Test, and the quality of movement by Functional Movement Screen®. RESULTS: Compared with SG, TT ⟶ FT and FT ⟶ TT promoted significant improvements in balance/agility (13.60 and 13.06%, respectively) and upper limb strength (24.91 and 16.18%). Only FT showed a statistically significant improvement in the strength of the lower limbs, cardiorespiratory capacity, and movement patterns when compared with SG considering the adaptations of methods separately. CONCLUSION: The programs used are equally effective in increasing physical fitness for daily activities in physically active older women, and therefore, they may be complementary to combat some of the deleterious effects of senescence.

Risco de adoecimento entre profissionais da construção civil / Riesgo de enfermedad entre los profesionales de la construcción / Risk of illness among construction professionals

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os riscos de adoecimento presente nas atividades laborais de trabalhadores da construção civil e os fatores associados ao risco de adoecimento nessa população. MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal com abordagem quantitativa, através do Inventário sobre Trabalho e Riscos de Adoecimento. Participaram 75 trabalhadores vinculados a uma empresa do ramo de construção civil, após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob CAAE nº 22445413.3.0000.0118. RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio do sexo masculino, entre 18 a 28 anos, casados, baixa escolaridade, com 6 a 10 anos de profissão. Destaca-se os fatores Condições de Trabalho, Custo Físico e Falta de Reconhecimento, que tiveram avaliação "negativa, grave", caracterizando a produção de custo humano e sofrimento no trabalho. Os resultados apontam riscos de adoecimento entre os profissionais da construção civil. CONCLUSÃO: Faz-se necessário rever as condições de trabalho no cenário investigado a fim de diminuir o risco de adoecimento entre trabalhadores da construção civil

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el riesgo de enfermedad presente en las actividades laborales de trabajadores de la construcción y los factores asociados con el riesgo de enfermedad en esta población. MÉTODO: Se trata de un estudio transversal con un enfoque cuantitativo a través de este riesgo y la enfermedad del Trabajo. Participaron 75 trabajadores vinculados a una empresa en el sector de la construcción, tras la aprobación del Comité Ético de Investigación bajo CAAE N. º 22445413.3.0000.0118. RESULTADOS: Hubo un predominio del sexo masculino entre la educación de 18 a 28 años de edad, casada, bajo, con 6-10 años de profesión. En él se destacan los factores de las condiciones de trabajo, físico y Costo Reconocimiento Lack, que tenía opinión "negativa, grave", con la producción de costo humano y el sufrimiento en el trabajo. RESULTADOS: Los resultados indican riesgo de enfermedad entre los profesionales de la construcción. CONCLUSIÓN: Es necesario revisar las condiciones de trabajo en la etapa de investigación con el fin de disminuir el riesgo de enfermedad entre los trabajadores de la construcción

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risks of sickness present in the work activities of construction workers and the factors associated with the risk of illness in this population. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional research with a quantitative approach, through the Inventory of Work and Illness Risks. Participated 75 workers linked to a construction company, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee under CAAE n. º 22445413.3.0000.0118. RESULTS: There was a predominance of males, between 18 and 28 years of age, married, with low schooling, with 6 to 10 years of profession. Emphasis is given to the factors: Conditions of Work, Physical Cost and Lack of Recognition, which had "negative, severe" evaluation, characterizing human cost production and labor suffering. RESULTS: The results point out risks of illness among construction professionals. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to review the working conditions in the scenario investigated in order to reduce the risk of illness among construction workers

Acute responses of hemodynamic and oxidative stress parameters to aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction in hypertensive elderly women.

Systemic arterial hypertension has been associated with the majority deaths from cardiovascular disease, especially among the elderly population, and the imbalance between antioxidant and pro-oxidants has been associated with hypertension. This study analyzed the acute responses of cardiorespiratory and oxidative stress parameters to low intensity aerobic exercise (LIAE) with blood flow restriction (BFR) in hypertensive elderly women. The experimental group consisted of 16 hypertensive women (67.2 ± 3.7 years) who underwent a progressive treadmill test and performed three exercise protocols in random order: high intensity (HIAE), low intensity aerobic exercise (LIAE) and low intensity aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction (LIAE + BFR). Data analysis showed that blood pressure and heart rate augmented from rest to post effort (p < 0.05) and reduced from post effort to recovery (p < 0.05) in all protocols. The values of lipid peroxidation were higher after 30 min of recovery when compared to the moment at rest in the LILIAE + BFR (p < 0.05). The same occurred with glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase activity. However, non-protein thiols levels (NPSH) reduced after 30 min of recovery when compared to the moment at rest in the LILIAE + BFR protocol (p < 0.05). In the HIAE and LIAE + BFR protocols, the levels of NPSH were lower at 30 min of recovery when compared to the same moment in the LIAE protocol (p < 0.05). LIAE + RBF produces an oxidative status and hemodynamic stimulus similar to HIAE. Taken together, these results support the indication of LIAE with BFR in chronic intervention protocols, with potential benefits for the hypertensive elderly population.

Polifarmácia e fatores associados em idosos diabéticos / Polypharmacy and associated factors in elderly diabetic / Factores asociados con la polifarmacia en los ancianos diabéticos

RESUMO Objetivos Objetivou-se no presente estudo analisar os fatores associados à polimedicação, bem como, a utilização de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI) em idosos diabéticos. Metodologia Foram avaliados 127 idosos com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, sendo 41 do sexo masculino (idade = 69,9 ± 6,9 anos) e 86 do sexo feminino (idade = 71,1 ± 7,7 anos). Para avaliação das condições de saúde, uso de medicamentos, polimedicação e fatores associados, utilizou-se o questionário adaptado de Morais. Os medicamentos foram classificados de acordo com a Anatomical-Therapeutical-Chemical Classification System e para identificação dos MPI, adotou-se os critérios de Beers-Fick e PRISCUS. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher. Resultados Na população estudada constatou-se que 100% utilizava medicamentos. O consumo médio foi de 5,8 fármacos por indivíduo, variando de 2 a 14, com uma prevalência de polifarmácia de 85%. Dentre os fatores estudados, apenas a aposentadoria apresentou uma associação estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) com a polimedicação. As patologias mais prevalentes foram: hipertensão arterial (92,8%), problemas cardíacos (70,8%), circulatórios (40,8%) e problemas osteoarticulares (44,5%). Dos fármacos utilizados pelos idosos, 12 deles foram considerados potencialmente inapropriados e 47,2% dos sujeitos estudados fazem uso destes medicamentos regularmente. Conclusão Desta forma, este estudo instiga novas formas de pensar a Assistência Farmacêutica, como uma prática vista sob a ótica integral e não pensada somente como compra e dispensação de medicamentos.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate factors related to polypharmacy and the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) in elderly patients with diabetes. Methods We studied 127 elderly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, 41 males (age = 69.9 ± 6.9 years) and 86 women (age = 71.1 ± 7.7 years). For evaluation of health conditions, medication use, polypharmacy and associated factors, we used the questionnaire adapted from Morais. The drugs were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic-Chemical Classification System, and for identification of MPI, we adopted the criteria of Beers-Fick and PRISCUS. For data analysis, we used descriptive statistics and chi-square and Fisher Exact tests. Results In this population, 100% of elderly using drugs. The average consumption was 5.8 per individual drug, varying from two to 14, and the prevalence of polypharmacy was 85%. Among the factors studied, only the retirement showed a statistically significant association (p <0.05) with polypharmacy. The most prevalent diseases were hypertension (92.8%), heart problems (70.8%), circulatory (40.8%) and musculoskeletal problems (44.5%). Of drugs used by the elderly, 12 of them were considered potentially inappropriate and 47.2% of the study subjects make use of these medicines regularly. Conclusions Thus, this study urges new thinking pharmaceutical assistance, as a practical view in full perspective and not meant only as purchasing and dispensing drugs.(AU)

RESUMEN Objetivos El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los factores asociados a la polifarmacia y el uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropiados (MPI) en ancianos con diabetes. Métodos Se estudiaron 41 varones (edad = 69,9 ± 6,9 años) y 86 mujeres (edad = 71,1 ± 7,7 años), diagnosticados con diabetes tipo 2. Para la evaluación de las condiciones de salud, uso de medicamentos, polifarmacia y factores asociados, se utilizó el cuestionario adaptado de Morais. Los fármacos se clasificaron de acuerdo con el Sistema de Clasificación Terapéutico-Químico y Anatómico y para identificar el MPI adoptamos los criterios de Beers-Fick y Prisco. Para el análisis de datos utilizamos estadística descriptiva y pruebas de chi-cuadrado de Pearson y Test Exacto de Fisher. Resultados Toda la población estudiada usaban medicación. El consumo promedio fue de 5,8 fármacos por persona, desde 2 a 14, con una prevalencia de polifarmacia de 85%. Entre los factores estudiados, sólo el retiro o jubilación mostró una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) con la polifarmacia. Las enfermedades más prevalentes fueron: hipertensión arterial (92,8%), problemas cardíacos (70,8%), circulatorios (40,8%) y problemas osteoarticulares (44,5%). Doce de los medicamentos utilizada por ancianos fueron considerados potencialmente inapropiados y el 47,2% de los sujetos del estudio hicieron uso de estas medicinas con regularidad. Conclusiones Los datos de este estudio sugieren nuevas formas de pensar acerca de la asistencia farmacéutica, desde un punto de vista práctico y sistémico, y no sólo como la compra y distribución de medicamentos.(AU)

[Polypharmacy and associated factors in elderly diabetic]. / Polifarmácia e fatores associados em idosos diabéticos.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate factors related to polypharmacy and the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) in elderly patients with diabetes. METHODS: We studied 127 elderly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, 41 males (age = 69.9 ± 6.9 years) and 86 women (age = 71.1 ± 7.7 years). For evaluation of health conditions, medication use, polypharmacy and associated factors, we used the questionnaire adapted from Morais. The drugs were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic-Chemical Classification System, and for identification of MPI, we adopted the criteria of Beers-Fick and PRISCUS. For data analysis, we used descriptive statistics and chi-square and Fisher Exact tests. RESULTS: In this population, 100% of elderly using drugs. The average consumption was 5.8 per individual drug, varying from two to 14, and the prevalence of polypharmacy was 85%. Among the factors studied, only the retirement showed a statistically significant association (p <0.05) with polypharmacy. The most prevalent diseases were hypertension (92.8%), heart problems (70.8%), circulatory (40.8%) and musculoskeletal problems (44.5%). Of drugs used by the elderly, 12 of them were considered potentially inappropriate and 47.2% of the study subjects make use of these medicines regularly. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, this study urges new thinking pharmaceutical assistance, as a practical view in full perspective and not meant only as purchasing and dispensing drugs.

Obesidade, perfil lipídico e hábitos alimentares de escolares: comparação entre municípios de dois estados da região Sul do Brasil / Obesity, lipid profile and feeding habits in school children: comparing municipalities in t wo brazilian southern states

O objetivo foi comparar o perfil nutricional, lipídico e hábitos alimentares de escolares de dois municípios do sul do Brasil. O estudo transversal avaliou indicadores de obesidade, perfil lipídico e hábitos alimentares de escolares de 7-17 anos, de Santa Cruz do Sul­RS e Chapecó­SC. Observou-se diferença (p<0,05) no sobrepeso/obesidade (37,0% Chapecó vs 29,2% Santa Cruz do Sul) e circunferência da cintura elevada (34,8% Chapecó vs 21,2% Santa Cruz do Sul); triglicerídeos (41,4%) e HDL-C (23,5%) foram mais elevados em Chapecó (p<0,001) e colesterol total (56,1%), LDL-C (36,4%) e glicemia (8,7%) em Santa Cruz do Sul (p<0,05). Chapecó apresenta maior consumo de frutas (16,8% infrequente) e doces (41,3% frequente) e Santa Cruz do Sul de feijão/arroz (57,0% diário), refrigerantes (24,4% diário) e salgadinhos (24,0% diário) p<0,05. Conclui-se que houve diferenças no perfil nutricional, lipídico e hábitos alimentares entre dois municípios, demonstrando que indicadores de saúde podem variar em diferentes regiões.

Nutritional, lipid and feeding habits of school children in two municipalities in South Brazil are compared. Transversal study analyzed indicators of obesity, lipid profile and feeding habits of school children, aged between 7 and 17 years, in Santa Cruz do Sul RS Brazil, and Chapecó SC Brazil. Difference (p<0.05) in overweight/obesity (37.0% Chapecó vs 29.2% Santa Cruz do Sul) and high waist circumference (34.8% Chapecó vs 21.2% Santa Cruz do Sul); triglycerides (41.4%) and HDL-C (23.5%) showed higher rates in Chapecó (p<0.001); total cholesterol (56.1%), LDL-C (36.4%) and glycaemia (8.7%) were higher in Santa Cruz do Sul (p<0.05). Chapecó had a high input of fruit (16.8% infrequent) and sweets (41.3% frequent) contrasting with beans/rice (57.0% daily), soft drinks (24.4% daily) and snacks (24.0% daily) in Santa Cruz do Sul (p<0.05). Results show that differences in nutritional profile existed between the two municipalities and, consequently, health indicators vary within different regions.

Effects of exercise training with blood flow restriction on blood pressure in medicated hypertensive patients

The development of non-pharmacological approaches to hypertension (HA) is critical for both prevention and treatment. This study examined the hemodynamic and biochemical responses of medicated hypertensive women to resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (vascular occlusion). Twenty-three women were randomly assigned to one of three groups: High intensity strength training (n = 8); low-intensity resistance exercise with occlusion (n = 8); and control (n = 7). The first two groups underwent eight weeks of training performed twice a week, including three series of wrist flexion exercises with or without vascular occlusion. The exercised with occlusion group showed pre- to post-test reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and double product, whereas the other groups showed no significant hemodynamic changes. In conclusion, resistance exercise during 8 weeks was effective in lowering blood pressure in medicated hypertensive subjects

[Obesity, hypertension, and socioeconomic status in western Santa Catarina, Brazil]. / Obesidade, condição socioeconômica e hipertensão arterial no Extremo Oeste de Santa Catarina.

OBJECTIVE: This research was aimed at evaluating the relationship between obesity, socioeconomic status and high blood pressure (HBP) in volunteers living in western Santa Catarina, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 955 volunteers were evaluated; 31 % were male (aged 51.0±12.8 years old a weighing 78.4±13.6 kg) and 69 % female (aged 50.0±12.5 years old and weighing 69.8±13.4kg). Individuals having ≥140 mmHg systolic blood pressures (SBP) and ≥ 90 mmHg diastolic blood pressures (DBP) were classified as being hypertensive and those having ≥ 30 kg/m² body mass index (BMI) as being obese. RESULTS: HBP prevalence in this study was 35.1 % among males and 29.4 % in women. The percentage of men classified as having borderline HBP was also higher than that for women (20.9 % cf 16.7 %); 25.7 % of HBP women and 34.6 % HBP males were overweight and 48.3 % HBP women and 56.9 % males were obese. HBP distribution regarding socioeconomic status (high, middle and low income) had greater variation amongst women (cero %, 27.5 % and 37.3 %, respectively) than men (30.4 %, 36.2 % and 30.1 %, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study provided consistent evidence of obesity being associate with HBP. Although this fact is widely known, what should be taken into consideration here is HBP regarding BMI category; normal, overweight and obese volunteers differed substantially between the genders.

Treinamento concomitante afeta o ganho de força, mas não a hipertrofia muscular e o desempenho de endurance / Concurrent training affects strength gain, but not endurance or muscle hypertrophy

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os efeitos do treinamento concomitante sobre a força, a hipertrofia muscular e VO2máx. Os voluntários realizaram 12 semanas de treinamento, três vezes por semana (Treinamento de Endurance - TE = 7; Treinamento de Força - TF = 8; Treinamento Concomitante - TC = 7). Os grupos TF e TC apresentaram aumentos (p < 0,05) na força para 1-RM e na área de secção transversal do vasto lateral da coxa. A magnitude do aumento foi maior em TF que em TC (ES = 3,73 e 1,84, respectivamente). O VO2máx e o tempo de teste aumentaram de forma (p > 0,05) em TE e TC (ES = 3,73 e 1,84, respectivamente). O TC foi eficiente para aumentar a força e a potência aeróbica do pré para o pós-teste, no entanto o ganho de força foi menor no TC que no TF.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of concurrent training on strength, muscle hypertrophy and VO2max of males. Volunteers underwent 12 weeks of training three times a week (Endurance Training -ET, n = 7; Strength Training -ST, n = 8; Concurrent Training-CT, n = 7). The ST and CT groups showed increases (p <0.05) in the 1-RM strength and in cross-sectional area of the vastuslateralis of thigh. The magnitude of the increases was higher in ST than in CT (ES = 3.73 and 1.84, respectively). The VO2max and the test time increased (p> 0.05) in ET and CT (ES = 3.73 and 1.84, respectively). CT was efficient to produce increases in strength and aerobic power from the pre- to post-test; however, strength gain was lower in CT than in ST.