ABSTRACT
Along the Pacific coast of the Baja California Peninsula (Mexico), abalone represents one of the most lucrative fisheries. As wild populations are currently depleted, abalone farm production aims to balance the decreasing populations with the increasing demand. The Mexican abalone aquaculture is almost entirely based on red abalone (Haliotis rufescens). However, the increasing frequency of extreme temperature events is hampering this activity. The use interspecific hybrids can potentially improve abalone culture, as species have differences in their thermal tolerance. Therefore, the hybrid progeny between H. rufescens (â) and pink abalone H. corrugata (â), a temperate and a warmer water abalone species, respectively, will naturally support higher temperature. To test this hypothesis, growth rate, mortality and metabolic rate of both pure (RR) and hybrid abalone (RP) were assessed under the H. rufescens' optimum (18 °C) and thermally stressed (22 °C) conditions. To unveil the molecular pathways involved in the heat response, transcriptional profiling of both crosses was also investigated. At high temperature, we observed constrained growth and survival in RR while RP showed a significant increase in both rates, supporting the improved performance of the hybrid compared. These results match with the transcriptional profiling of hybrids showing higher expression of genes involved in growth and calcification, whereas in the pure red progeny, the transcriptional profile was mainly associated with the regulation of necroptosis process. Our results may contribute to propose new management plans to increase farm abalone production in Baja California.
Subject(s)
Gastropoda/growth & development , Gastropoda/genetics , Hybridization, Genetic , Animals , Aquaculture , Basal Metabolism/genetics , Calcification, Physiologic/genetics , Female , Gastropoda/metabolism , Gene Expression , Hot Temperature , Male , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
Recently in Mexico the number of cosmetic surgeries has increased. These procedures are often carried out by unqualified people using obsolete and contraindicated products such as injectable oil, which cause uncorrectable disfigurement or more serious complications, even death, after reaching the systemic circulation. We report the case of a fat embolism syndrome (FES) caused by injections of vitamin E (tocopherol) in order to increase the volume of the buttocks. This case of a FES caused by injections of vitamin E was confirmed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.
Subject(s)
Buttocks , Embolism, Fat/chemically induced , Vitamin E/poisoning , Adult , Cosmetics , Fatal Outcome , Female , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Humans , Injections , Mexico , Syndrome , Vitamins/poisoning , Young AdultABSTRACT
The immune system in marine invertebrates is mediated through cellular and humoral components, which act together to address the action of potential pathogenic microorganisms. In bivalve mollusks biomolecules implicated in oxidative stress and recognition of pathogens have been involved in the innate immune response. To better understand the molecular basis of the immune response of surf clam Mesodesma donacium, qPCR approaches were used to identify genes related to its immune response against Vibrio anguillarum infection. Genes related to oxidative stress response and recognition of pathogens like superoxide dismutase (MdSOD), catalase (MdCAT), ferritin (MdFER) and filamin (MdFLMN) were identified from 454-pyrosequencing cDNA library of M. donacium and were evaluated in mantle, adductor muscle and gills. The results for transcripts expression indicated that MdSOD, MdFLMN and MdFER were primarily expressed in the muscle, while MdCAT was more expressed in gills. Challenge experiments with the pathogen V. anguillarum had showed that levels of transcript expression for MdSOD, MdCAT, MdFER, and MdFLMN were positively regulated by pathogen, following a time-dependent expression pattern with significant statistical differences between control and challenge group responses (p<0.05). These results suggest that superoxide dismutase, catalase, ferritin and filamin, could be contributing to the innate immune response of M. donacium against the pathogen V. anguillarum.
Subject(s)
Bivalvia/genetics , Bivalvia/immunology , Immunity, Innate/genetics , Vibrio/immunology , Animals , Base Sequence , Bivalvia/microbiology , Catalase/genetics , Catalase/metabolism , DNA, Complementary/genetics , Ferritins/genetics , Ferritins/metabolism , Filamins/genetics , Filamins/metabolism , Molecular Sequence Data , Muscles/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Superoxide Dismutase/genetics , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolismABSTRACT
La psoriasis es una enfermedad sistémica que puede ocurrir de múltiples formas durante el embarazo, con severidad variable, incluso con formas que amenazan la vida. Las variantes severas se han asociado a mayores riesgos maternos y fetales, y la mayor parte de los tratamientos tópicos y sistémicos disponibles están contraindicados durante el embarazo por el riesgo de toxicidad fetal. Los tratamientos de primera línea son los emolientes y los corticoides tópicos de baja-moderada potencia y en casos severos la fototerapia nbUVB es el tratamiento de elección. En pacientes con formas muy severas y refractarias otras alternativas de tratamiento son la ciclosporina, los corticoides sistémicos y los agentes biológicos, especialmente los anti-TNF-α, sin embargo, la información disponible sobre el uso de estas moléculas en embarazadas es muy limitada, y sólo deberían considerarse en casos muy seleccionados. El impétigo herpetiforme es una forma propia de psoriasis pustular severa durante el embarazo y las principales alternativas terapéuticas son la inducción del parto o el uso de corticoides sistémicos.
Psoriasis is a systemic disease that can be present during pregnancy in different clinical forms and variable severity; some forms can be life threatening. Severe clinical forms are associated with greater maternal and fetal risks, and topical and systemic treatments available are mainly contraindicated during pregnancy because of fetal toxicity risks. First line treatments are emollients and low-medium potency topical steroids; in severe cases nUVB phototherapy is the preferred treatment. In patients with more severe and recalcitrant clinical forms cyclosporine, systemic steroids and biologics agents specially anti-TNF-α are the options. Nevertheless the available information of the use of these treatments in pregnant women is limited and these drugs should be considered only in very special cases. Herpetiformis impetigo is a proper form of severe pustular psoriasis in pregnancy and the treatments for this entity should be delivery induction or systemic steroids.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy Complications/therapy , Psoriasis/complications , Psoriasis/therapyABSTRACT
La embarazada es susceptible a cambios en la piel y fanéreos que pueden ser fisiológicos como patológicos. El reconocimiento de estas entidades es fundamental para un correcto manejo. La clasificación y nomenclatura de las dermatosis del embarazo ha sido controversial y confusa, principalmente dado el pobre conocimiento que se tiene sobre el origen de estas entidades. El objetivo de esta revisión es informar sobre el conocimiento actual del penfigoide gestacional a partir de un caso clínico, centrándose en su diagnóstico y tratamiento como patología multidiscilpinaria.
The pregnant woman is susceptible to both physiologic and pathologic changes of the skin and appendages. Recognition of these entities is important for appropriate management. The classification and nomenclature have been controversial and confusing, mainly because of the poor knowledge that we have regarding the origin of this entities. The purpose of this review is to contribute to the current knowledge of pemphigoid gestationis, based on a case-report its diagnosis and treatment as a multidisciplinary pathology.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Pemphigoid Gestationis/diagnosis , Pemphigoid Gestationis/drug therapy , Clobetasol/therapeutic use , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Chlorpheniramine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
La psoriasis es una enfermedad crónica y aumenta el riesgo de mortalidad general, mortalidad cardiovascular y diversas enfermedades metabólicas y cardiovasculares. La inflamación crónica observada en psoriasis y aterosclorosis parece ser la razón de esta asociación. Diabetes, hipertensión, dislipidemia, obesidad, síndrome metabólico y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular clásicos son más frecuentes en psoriasis; sin embargo, la psoriasis ha demostrado ser un factor de riesgo independiente de mortalidad y de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Infarto al miocardio, enfermedades cerebrovasculares, hígado graso y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica son alguna de las enfermedades específicas relacionadas con la psoriasis. Todas estas observaciones apoyan la idea de psoriasis como una enfermedad sistémica, más que sólo una condición cutánea.
Psoriasis is a chronic disease and increases the risk of general mortality, cardiovascular mortality and several metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The chronic inflammation observed in psoriasis and atherosclerosis seems to be the reason for this association. Diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome and other classical cardiovascular risk factors are more common in psoriasis; however, psoriasis has been shown as an independent risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular diseases. Myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are some specific disease related to psoriasis. All these observations support the idea that psoriasis behaves like a systemic disease, more than just as a cutaneous condition.
Subject(s)
Humans , Metabolic Diseases/epidemiology , Psoriasis/epidemiology , Alcoholism/epidemiology , C-Reactive Protein , Comorbidity , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Dyslipidemias/epidemiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Hyperhomocysteinemia , Fatty Liver/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Psoriasis/mortality , Risk Factors , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Nernst and electrical resistivity measurements in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-delta and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta with and without columnar defects show a distinctive thermodynamics of the respective liquid vortex matter. At a field-dependent high temperature region in the H-T phase diagram, the Nernst signal is independent of structural defects in both materials. At lower temperatures, in YBa2Cu3O7-delta, defects contribute only to the vortex mobility, and the transport entropy is that of a system of vortex lines. The transition to lower temperatures in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta has a different origin; the maximum in the Nernst signal when decreasing temperature is not associated with transport properties but with the entropy behavior of pancake vortices in the presence of structural defects.
ABSTRACT
Sports practice has become a part of modern life. As a result, the association of dermatoses with sports increases continuously. Proper diagnosis and treatment of these skin lesions requires familiarity with their characteristics clinical presentations. This article reviews the cutaneous manifestations of traumatic and environmental injuries, infections, and exacerbation of preexisting dermatoses.
Subject(s)
Skin Diseases/etiology , Sports , Female , Humans , Male , Skin Diseases/classification , Skin Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
Sports practice has become a part of modern life. As a result, the association of dermatoses with sports increases continuously. Proper diagnosis and treatment of these skin lesions requires familiarity with their characteristics clinical presentations. This article reviews the cutaneous manifestations of traumatic and environmental injuries, infections, and exacerbation of preexisting dermatoses.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Skin Diseases/etiology , Sports , Skin Diseases/classification , Skin Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
Introducción: El manejo de la psoriasis moderada-severa es complejo, y un importante número de pacientes considera que el tratamiento indicado por su médico tratante no es suficientemente agresivo. El uso de tratamientos combinados ha demostrado mayor efectividad que las monoterapias, logrando aclaración de las lesiones en menor tiempo, con dosis más bajas de agentes terapéuticos y menos efectos adversos. Objetivos: Presentar nuestra experiencia con terapia combinada de retinoides más PUVA (Re-PUVA) en pacientes con psoriasis moderada-severa. Pacientes y Métodos: Se trató a nueve pacientes con psoriasis moderada-severa, mayores de 18 años, con terapia combinada de acitretín+PUVA, evaluando respuesta clínica bajo protocolo y seguimiento fotográfico al inicio 8ª y 16ª semana de tratamiento. Se estimaron dosis requeridas, costos, y efectos adversos del tratamiento. Resultados: El tiempo de tratamiento requerido para conseguir aclaración en el 90 por ciento de los pacientes fue de siete semanas. La dosis promedio de acitretín fue de 033 mg/kg/ día y la dosis acumulada de UVA fue de 139 J/cm². El costo estimado para conseguir aclaramiento en el 90 por ciento de los pacientes fue de US$ 634. No se observaron efectos adversos severos. Conclusión: La terapia combinada Re-PUVA demostró ser una excelente opción terapéutica para psoriasis moderada-severa, lográndose óptimos resultados en un corto plazo, a un costo razonable, y sin efectos adversos severos.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Acitretin/therapeutic use , Psoriasis/drug therapy , PUVA Therapy/methods , Acitretin/administration & dosage , Acitretin/adverse effects , Combined Modality Therapy , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Combinations , Radiation Dosage , Patient Satisfaction , PUVA Therapy/economics , PUVA Therapy/adverse effectsABSTRACT
We present a systematic study of the topology of the vortex solid phase in superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 samples with low doses of columnar defects. A new state of vortex matter imposed by the presence of geometrical contours associated with the random distribution of columns is found. The results show that the first-order liquid-solid transition in this vortex matter does not require a structural symmetry change.
ABSTRACT
The modification by haloperidol and repetitive induction on four immobility responses -- tonic immobility, cataleptic immobility, immobility by clamping the neck and dorsal immobility -- were compared in mice and guinea pigs. Without drug, three out of four responses (cataleptic, neck clamp and dorsal immobility) were induced in mice; guinea pigs displayed all four responses. Haloperidol (5 mg/kg i.p.) potentiated the three responses shown by mice, but did not potentiate the four responses in guinea pigs. In both undrugged and haloperidol-treated mice, only the cataleptic immobility response was potentiated by repetition. In guinea pigs, none of the four immobility responses was affected due to repetition, haloperidol or a combination of both. These data are discussed, considering that, although these immobility responses could be mediated by the same neurotransmitters (e.g. dopamine), they are possibly expressed in a differential manner as a function of the kind of stimulus used to trigger the response, characteristics of the species and, in some immobility responses such as cataleptic immobility, as a function of their interaction with habituation or another learning-like process.
Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology , Haloperidol/pharmacology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Animals , Catalepsy/psychology , Guinea Pigs , Immobilization , Learning/drug effects , Male , Mice , Posture , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Magnetic hysteresis and transverse ac permeability measurements in Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta) allow a comparative analysis of the critical current with the elastic response of vortex structures, in equilibrium with their pinning potential, in the field and temperature region where the second peak is detected. This study provides strong evidence that the second peak has its origin in changes of the elastic equilibrium properties of the vortex structures.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: A cohort of women with phenylketonuria (PKU) were selected to explore the impact of phenylalanine (Phe) levels and other factors on congenital heart defects (CHDs), microcephaly, and development of their offspring. STUDY DESIGN: Three hundred fifty-four women with PKU were followed up weekly with diet records, blood Phe levels, and sonograms obtained at 18 to 20 and 32 weeks' gestation. At birth, 413 offspring were examined and followed up at 6 months and annually by means of Bayley Mental Developmental Index and Psychomotor Developmental Index tests at 1 and 2 years. The women had Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales and DNA testing. RESULTS: Thirty-one offspring had CHDs; of these, 17 also had microcephaly. Mean Phe levels at 4 to 8 weeks' gestation predicted CHDs (P <.0001). An infant with a CHD had a 3-fold risk of having microcephaly when the mother had higher Phe levels (P =.02). The Bayley Mental Developmental Index and Psychomotor Developmental Index scores correlated with both CHDs (P =.037 and.0015, respectively) and microcephaly (P =.0001 for both). No direct relationship to the PKU mutation was found. CONCLUSION: None of the women whose offspring had CHDs had blood Phe levels in control during the first 8 weeks of gestation. Women with PKU need to be well controlled on a low-phenylalanine diet before conception and throughout pregnancy.
Subject(s)
Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Heart Defects, Congenital/etiology , Microcephaly/etiology , Phenylketonurias/complications , Pregnancy Complications , Adult , Child Development/physiology , Cohort Studies , Diet , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Genotype , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intelligence/physiology , Medical Records , Mutation/genetics , Phenylalanine/adverse effects , Phenylalanine/blood , Phenylalanine/therapeutic use , Phenylketonurias/genetics , Phenylketonurias/prevention & control , Preconception Care , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/prevention & control , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Risk Factors , Ultrasonography, PrenatalSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Endometriosis/diagnosis , Endometriosis/etiology , Skin Diseases/diagnosis , Umbilicus/pathologySubject(s)
Galactosemias/blood , Galactosemias/therapy , Uridine Diphosphate Galactose/deficiency , Child , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Erythrocytes/chemistry , Galactosemias/complications , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Uridine/therapeutic use , Uridine Diphosphate Galactose/blood , Uridine Diphosphate Galactose/isolation & purification , Uridine Diphosphate Glucose/blood , Uridine Diphosphate Glucose/isolation & purification , Uridine Diphosphate Glucose DehydrogenaseABSTRACT
H. influenzae y N. meningitidis son los agentes causales más frecuentes de meningitis purulenta en niños en nuestro país y ambos presentan alta contagiosidad. Una fuente potencial de infecciones la constituyen los portadores faríngeos. Con el objeto de evaluar la eficacia de dos cefalosporinas: cefotaxima y ceftriaxona, para erradicar estos agentes de la faringe de niños con meningitis, se realizó un estudio prospectivo en dos hospitales de Santiago, Exequiel González Cortés y Luis Calvo Mackenna, entre abril de 1989 y diciembre de 1990. Se estudiaron 40 pacientes con meningitis documentada bacteriológicamente a quienes se le practicó frotis faríngeo al ingreso al hospital y una vez completado el tratamiento antimicrobiano, efectuando cultivos en medios adecuados para crecimiento de Haemophilus y Neisseria meningitidis. En 30 a 40 niños se practicó en forma paralela frotis nasal. En los 25 pacientes con meningitis por Hib se aisló el agente de las secreciones nasofaríngeas y las cepas de Haemophilus aisladas fueron serotipo b, biotipo 1, con 23,5% de resistencia a ampicilina (6 cepas), mediada por la producción de betalactamasa. Se realizó el perfil plasmidial en 7 cepas aisladas de faringe, y su correspondiente en LCR observándose homología. Ambos esquemas terapéuticos, cefotaxima por 14 días en el hospital EGC y ceftriaxona por 7 en el LCM, resultaron igualmente eficaces para erradicar H. influenzae de la nasofaringe, con 100% de efectividad. En ninguno de los 15 niños con meningitis meningocócica, se aisló este agente de la faringe, ni al ingreso ni al finalizar el tratamiento
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cephalosporins/pharmacology , Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Pharynx/microbiology , Carrier State/drug therapy , Cefotaxime/administration & dosage , Ceftriaxone/administration & dosage , Haemophilus influenzae/isolation & purification , Meningitis, Bacterial/microbiology , Neisseria meningitidis/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
The effects of some dopaminergic and endorphinergic agonists and antagonists on the immobility reflex (IR) elicited by clamping the neck of the rat were investigated. We found that both morphine and haloperidol produce a significant increase in the duration of this IR at all ages tested (10, 20 and 300 days). The effect of apomorphine depends on the age of the rat, showing an increase in the duration of the immobility reflex only at the age of 10 days which was not counteracted by haloperidol. Naloxone alone showed a slight non-significant tendency to increase the duration of the IR but blocked morphine effects at all ages tested. When naloxone was added to apomorphine there was a peculiar effect: the duration of the immobility reflex was increased significantly in rats of 20 days and adults, but not in 10-day-old rats. The combination of morphine plus haloperidol showed the most marked potentiation of the immobility reflex at all ages tested. These results are discussed with respect to the development of dopaminergic and endorphinergic systems to control posture and movement during the IR, and its possible relation to the catatonia of schizophrenics. A hypothetical model explaining an interaction between the dopaminergic and endorphinergic systems in developing and adult rats is presented.