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1.
Res Sq ; 2024 Apr 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38659814

ABSTRACT

Diverse and rapidly mutating viruses pose challenges to immunogen and vaccine design. In this study, we evaluated the ability of memory B-cells obtained from two independent NHP trials to cross-react with individual HIV-1 vaccine components of two different multivalent immunization strategies. We demonstrated that while an HIV-1 Env multiclade, multivalent immunization regimen resulted in a dominant memory B-cell response that converged toward shared epitopes, in a sequential immunization with clonally-related non-stabilized gp140 HIV-1 Envs followed by SOSIP-stabilized gp140 trimers, the change in immunogen format resulted in repriming of the B-cell response.

2.
J Immunol ; 207(11): 2688-2698, 2021 12 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34697226

ABSTRACT

Regulation of BCR signaling has important consequences for generating effective Ab responses to pathogens and preventing production of autoreactive B cells during development. Currently defined functions of Fc receptor-like (FCRL) 1 include positive regulation of BCR-induced calcium flux, proliferation, and Ab production; however, the mechanistic basis of FCRL1 signaling and its contributions to B cell development remain undefined. Molecular characterization of FCRL1 signaling shows phosphotyrosine-dependent associations with GRB2, GRAP, SHIP-1, and SOS1, all of which can profoundly influence MAPK signaling. In contrast with previous characterizations of FCRL1 as a strictly activating receptor, we discover a role for FCRL1 in suppressing ERK activation under homeostatic and BCR-stimulated conditions in a GRB2-dependent manner. Our analysis of B cells in Fcrl1 -/- mice shows that ERK suppression by FCRL1 is associated with a restriction in the number of cells surviving splenic maturation in vivo. The capacity of FCRL1 to modulate ERK activation presents a potential for FCRL1 to be a regulator of peripheral B cell tolerance, homeostasis, and activation.


Subject(s)
Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/immunology , GRB2 Adaptor Protein/immunology , Membrane Proteins/immunology , Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology , Animals , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism , Female , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Male , Membrane Proteins/deficiency , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Mice , Mice, Knockout
3.
Orthop Nurs ; 38(1): 33-40, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30676575

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This is the first study to determine whether nonskid slipper socks in contact with the hospital floor and worn into bed contaminate bed linen. PURPOSE: The main purpose of the study was to determine whether contamination of hospital linen occurred with bacteria transferred from the soles of nonskid slipper socks that have touched the floor. METHODS: This study mimicked real patients walking on a hospital floor wearing slipper socks and getting back into bed with the slipper socks on. Swab samples were collected from the surfaces of the hospital floor, nonskid slipper sock bottoms, and bed linen in 2 Midwestern hospitals. From the samples, bacterial isolates were identified and tested for antibiotic resistance. RESULTS: Isolates obtained from the samples were identified on all 3 surfaces at both hospitals, indicating spread of the bacteria from floor to the bed linen via the nonskid slipper socks. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that a significant number of isolates collected were resistant to at least 2 antibiotics tested. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates cross-contamination of bed linen with potentially pathogenic bacteria present on the hospital floor via contact with patient-worn nonskid slipper socks. A simple practice change regarding the wearing of slipper socks could play an important role in preventing pathogen transfer to the bed linen. Awareness of the likelihood of hand contamination after touching the sock bottoms that have come in contact with the hospital floor should also be considered.


Subject(s)
Bacteria/isolation & purification , Shoes/adverse effects , Bacteria/pathogenicity , Bacterial Load/methods , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Humans , Prevalence
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