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1.
J Vet Intern Med ; 31(4): 1074-1080, 2017 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28514049

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous plasmacytosis (CP) is a syndrome of multiple cutaneous plasma cell tumors, in the absence of multiple myeloma. Although rare in both humans and dogs, treatment recommendations are usually extrapolated from multiple myeloma protocols. To date, no case series of CP have been described in the veterinary literature. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical presentation, determine treatment response rates and duration, and report overall survival of dogs with CP. ANIMALS: Twenty-one client-owned dogs with CP. METHODS: Medical records of 21 dogs with CP were reviewed. Diagnosis was based on histopathologic evaluation of at least 1 representative cutaneous or subcutaneous lesion in dogs with ≥3 lesions. Dogs with suspicion of multiple myeloma were excluded. RESULTS: The most commonly affected breeds were the golden (5/21) and Labrador retriever (3/21). Fourteen of 21 dogs had >10 lesions, with some having >100. Lesions commonly were described as round, raised, pink-to-red, and variably alopecic or ulcerated. The most commonly used drug protocol was combined melphalan and prednisone, with an overall response rate (ORR) of 73.7% (14/19 dogs). Single-agent lomustine was associated with a similar ORR of 71.4% (5/7 dogs). For all treatments combined, the median progression-free interval after the first treatment was 153 days. The median survival time from the first treatment was 542 days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Alkylating agents were effective in inducing remission of CP; corticosteroids, melphalan, and lomustine were the most commonly used drugs. Survival times were similar to those reported in dogs with multiple myeloma treated with alkylating agents.


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/pathology , Plasmacytoma/veterinary , Skin Neoplasms/veterinary , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/therapeutic use , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Dog Diseases/mortality , Dogs , Drug Therapy, Combination/veterinary , Female , Lomustine/therapeutic use , Male , Melphalan/administration & dosage , Melphalan/therapeutic use , Plasmacytoma/diagnosis , Plasmacytoma/drug therapy , Plasmacytoma/pathology , Prednisone/administration & dosage , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Skin/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy , Skin Neoplasms/pathology
2.
Vet Comp Oncol ; 15(4): 1564-1571, 2017 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28419683

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In humans geographical differences in the incidence and presentation of various cancers have been reported. However, much of this information has not been collected in veterinary oncology. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine if a geographic difference in progression free survival exists for dogs with lymphoma treated within the US. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 775 cases of canine lymphoma from 3 US regions (west, south and north), treated with CHOP chemotherapy, were retrospectively evaluated. Cases were collected from referral institutions and were required to have received at least one doxorubicin treatment and have follow up information regarding time to progression. RESULTS: Significant differences in sex (p = 0.05), weight (p = 0.049), stage (p < 0.001), immunophenotype (p = <0.001), and number of doxorubicin doses (p = 0.001) were seen between regions. Upon univariate analysis, progression free survival (PFS) differed by region (p = 0.006), stage (p = 0.009), sub-stage (p = 0.0005), and immunophenotype (p = 0.001). A multivariable Cox regression model showed that dogs in the western region had a significantly shorter PFS when compared to the south and east. CONCLUSION: PFS was significantly affected by stage, sub-stage and phenotype.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/veterinary , Animals , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Dog Diseases/mortality , Dogs , Doxorubicin/therapeutic use , Female , Geography, Medical , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/mortality , Male , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis , United States/epidemiology , Vincristine/therapeutic use
3.
Vet Comp Oncol ; 15(2): 550-556, 2017 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27094020

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, potential causative agents, treatment and outcome of febrile neutropenia (FN) in chemotherapy-treated cats. Medical records from eight institutions were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 22 FN events in 20 cats were evaluated. Lymphoma was the most common cancer diagnosis; lomustine and vinca alkaloids were the most frequently implicated causative agents. Presenting clinical signs included decreased appetite, lethargy, vomiting and diarrhoea. Median body temperature and absolute neutrophil count at presentation were 104.1 °F; 40 °C (range: 103.1-105.1 °F; 39.5-40.6 °C) and 246 mL-1 (range: 0-1600 mL-1 ), respectively. Median number of days between chemotherapy administration and FN onset was 5 (range: 4-25 days). All but one cat were treated with intravenous fluids and broad spectrum antibiotics. Fevers resolved in all cases and absolute neutrophil counts returned to normal in 19 cats. Clinical presentation of cats with FN appears similar to that of dogs.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Cat Diseases/chemically induced , Febrile Neutropenia/veterinary , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Cat Diseases/drug therapy , Cats , Febrile Neutropenia/chemically induced , Female , Leukocyte Count/veterinary , Lomustine/adverse effects , Lomustine/therapeutic use , Lymphoma/drug therapy , Lymphoma/veterinary , Male , Retrospective Studies , Vinca Alkaloids/adverse effects , Vinca Alkaloids/therapeutic use
4.
Vet Comp Oncol ; 14(2): 113-21, 2016 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27144380

ABSTRACT

Thymic epithelial tumour (TET) histologic subclassification has not been well described in the veterinary literature as it has in humans. The objective of this study was to identify and describe TET subtypes in dogs and to determine the utility of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in differentiating these subtypes. Samples were reviewed and classified according to a modified World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for human tumours of thymic origin. Signallment, presenting signs, treatment and survival data was collected from medical records. Histologic review confirmed the same subtypes as described in humans. Presence of high stage disease, pleomorphism, mitotic figures and capsular invasion was more common in atypical thymomas and thymic carcinomas than in thymomas. IHC was performed for GLUT-1, CD5, CD117 and CK8/18; however, this was not useful in classifying the tumours.


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/veterinary , Thymus Neoplasms/veterinary , Animals , Biomarkers , Dog Diseases/pathology , Dogs , Immunohistochemistry , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis , Thymus Gland/pathology , Thymus Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thymus Neoplasms/pathology
5.
J Endocrinol ; 186(2): 315-23, 2005 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16079257

ABSTRACT

Distal-less 3 (Dlx3) is a homeobox factor that functions as a placental-specific transcriptional regulator. Dlx3 null mice (-/-) have compromised placental development and do not survive in utero past embryonic day (E) 9.5. The current studies were undertaken to examine the expression of Dlx3 in mouse placenta during gestation, and to determine whether Dlx3 was involved in placental progesterone production. Dlx3 was not detectable at E8.5 but was detected in E9.5 placenta with continuing but diminished expression through E15.5. Dlx3 immuno-localization was restricted to the labyrinth, was nuclear and was found in cytokeratin-positive cells. Previous studies in choriocarcinoma cell lines support the conclusion that Dlx3 is required for expression of 3'-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase VI (3betaHSD VI), an obligate enzyme in the production of progesterone by trophoblast giant cells. In a rat trophoblast stem cell line (Rcho-1), Dlx3 expression was non-detectable in Rcho-1 cells induced to differ-entiate using mitogen withdrawal. In vitro progesterone production in placental cultures and 3betaHSD VI mRNA from Dlx3 (+/+), (+/-) and (-/-) mice were equivalent. In situ hybridization for 3betaHSD VI revealed mRNA expression restricted to trophoblast giants cells with no detectable expression in the labyrinth suggesting that Dlx3 and 3betaHSD VI were not colocalized within the placenta. These studies support the conclusion that Dlx3 protein expression is restricted to the labyrinth region of the murine placenta into late gestation and that Dlx3 does not appear to be expressed in trophoblast giant cells. Further, loss of Dlx3 was not correlated with synthesis of progesterone from E9.5 mouse placentas.


Subject(s)
Homeodomain Proteins/genetics , Placenta/metabolism , Placentation , Progesterone/biosynthesis , Transcription Factors/genetics , 3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/metabolism , Animals , Blotting, Northern/methods , Blotting, Western/methods , Female , Gene Expression , Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Mice, Knockout , Organ Culture Techniques , Placenta/chemistry , Pregnancy , Transcription Factors/metabolism
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