Does the Nose Have a Function Beyond Breathing?

This article examines how functional nasal surgery can result in aesthetic improvement to the nose. We performed a literature search examining functional rhinoplasty with resultant aesthetic benefits. We also conducted a review of various techniques that can be used to correct functional nasal obstruction that also achieve aesthetic improvement(s).Although there are data demonstrating improvements to quality of life after functional and aesthetic nasal surgery, there is limited work linking the close relationship between functional nasal surgery with resultant aesthetic improvements.Functional rhinoplasty to correct nasal obstruction can also result in aesthetic improvements. Perhaps reconsideration of separating these closely tied issues is needed. A formal study looking at the degree of worsened, unchanged, and improved nasal aesthetics that occurs after true functional rhinoplasty, from both objective and subjective viewpoints, should be considered.

Myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma presenting as a midline nasal mass.

Myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a rare type of pediatric non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft-tissue sarcoma. The case of a 5-year-old girl is presented, highlighting the potential for multiple pitfalls and aberrant differential diagnoses that need to be identified for successful treatment of pediatric myxofibrosarcomas. An awareness of these tumors and a call for standardized postsurgical treatment protocols is necessary in order to successfully treat children with this disease.

Correcting the short nose in revision rhinoplasty.

The scope of this article is directed toward strategic planning and surgical treatment of the postoperative short nose deformity. Emphasis is placed on controlled repositioning of the central compartment of the nose (tip and columella), followed by moving the nostrils back into a more natural position with the use of autologous grafting techniques. The overall goal is to achieve the desired esthetic transformation while maximizing nasal function with good long-term results.

The anatomical relationship between the orbicularis oculi muscle and the levator labii superioris and zygomaticus muscle complexes.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to define the anatomical relationship between the orbicularis oculi muscle and the levator labii superioris/zygomaticus major. METHODS: Forty-eight sides of 24 preserved cadaver heads were evaluated. The Frankfort plane, the lateral canthus, and the midpupillary line were marked on each hemiface as landmarks. Four parallel incisions were made perpendicular to the inferior orbital rim and the Frankfort horizontal line. The incisions were midpupillary, lateral canthus, 1 cm lateral to the lateral canthus, and 2 cm lateral to the lateral canthus. Within each incision, measurements were performed that included the depth of the zygomaticus major from the orbicularis oculi (i.e., how superficial is the orbicularis above the zygomaticus complex), the superior to inferior distance between the Frankfort line and the origin of the zygomaticus major, the height of the orbicularis oculi muscle above the levator labii muscle (i.e., how superficial is the orbicularis above the levator in the midpupillary line), and how inferior to the inferior orbital rim is the origin of the levator labii superioris. RESULTS: The orbicularis oculi muscle was on average 0.5 cm superficial to the zygomaticus major muscle group at 2 cm lateral to the lateral canthus. At this site, the female cadaver zygomaticus muscle depth was approximately 2 mm deeper versus the male cadavers (0.60 cm versus 0.41 cm). On average, the origin of the zygomaticus major was identified 1.40 cm and 1.50 cm inferior to the Frankfort horizontal line at 1 cm lateral to and at the lateral canthus, respectively. Of note, there were 14 instances (15 percent) in which the muscle group was found to be 1 cm or less from the Frankfort horizontal line. At 1 cm lateral to the lateral canthus and at the lateral canthus, the zygomaticus muscle was seen to interdigitate with the orbicularis muscle. On average, the orbicularis oculi muscle lies 0.80 cm superficial to the levator labii muscle complex. The superficial border of the malar eminence also lies at or near the Frankfort line. CONCLUSIONS: An exact understanding of the location of specific muscle groups can help prevent poor outcomes, such as the lip droop occasionally seen with Botox injections. The Frankfort line may be a more appropriately used landmark for the safe placement of Botox than the commonly used malar eminence.

Rhabdomyoma of the larynx: case report and clinical and pathologic review.

We describe a case involving a 79-year-old man with symptoms of slowly progressive hoarseness resulting from a rhabdomyoma originating deep to the right true and false vocal folds. We also review the pathology and radiologic findings of rhabdomyoma.