Corrigendum: The impact of the parental support on risk factors in the process of gender affirmation of transgender and gender diverse people.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00399.].

Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5): cross-cultural adaptation and content validity in the Brazilian context / Inventário de Personalidade para o DSM-5 (PID-5): adaptação transcultural e validade de conteúdo para o contexto brasileiro

Abstract Objective To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) to the Brazilian context. Methods Cross-cultural adaptation involved the steps of independent translation of the instrument, synthesis version, and back-translation. Analysis of content validity was conducted by a multidisciplinary expert committee and consisted of quantitative assessment of agreement indicators. The test was then applied to a target population. Results All the steps required for a cross-cultural adaptation were followed and satisfactory agreement values (≥ 4.75) were reached for most of the structures assessed. Most of the changes suggested by the experts were followed; these changes consisted primarily of adjustments to verb tense and agreement and the inclusion of letters and words to allow gender inflection. In the pre-test, no suggestions were made and the instrument was considered comprehensible. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the PID-5 was found to be adequate to the Brazilian context from semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual perspectives. The Brazilian version assessed here can be freely used, was approved by the publishers who hold the copyright on the instrument, and is considered the official version of the instrument. New studies are underway to determine the validity and reliability of the PID-5.

Resumo Objetivo Apresentar o processo de adaptação transcultural do Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) para o contexto brasileiro. Métodos A adaptação transcultural envolveu as etapas de tradução independente, versão síntese e retrotradução. A validade de conteúdo foi realizada por um comitê multidisciplinar de especialistas, com avaliação quantitativa dos índices de concordância. Por fim, o pré-teste foi conduzido com a população-alvo. Resultados Todos os estágios da adaptação transcultural foram seguidos, e na maioria das estruturas avaliadas, os valores de concordância foram satisfatórios (≥ 4.75). Grande parte das sugestões de modificações feitas pelos especialistas foram acatadas, sendo as principais relacionadas a ajustes no tempo e concordância verbal e a inclusão de letras e palavras para permitir a flexão de gênero. No pré-teste nenhuma sugestão foi apresentada e o instrumento foi considerado compreensível. Conclusão A versão brasileira do PID-5 mostrou-se adequada ao contexto brasileiro sob as perspectivas semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual. A versão brasileira avaliada é de uso livre, foi aprovada pelas editoras responsáveis pelos direitos autorais do instrumento e é considerada oficial. Novos estudos estão sendo conduzidos para aprimorar a busca por evidencias de validade e confiabilidade.

Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5): cross-cultural adaptation and content validity in the Brazilian context.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) to the Brazilian context. METHODS: Cross-cultural adaptation involved the steps of independent translation of the instrument, synthesis version, and back-translation. Analysis of content validity was conducted by a multidisciplinary expert committee and consisted of quantitative assessment of agreement indicators. The test was then applied to a target population. RESULTS: All the steps required for a cross-cultural adaptation were followed and satisfactory agreement values (≥ 4.75) were reached for most of the structures assessed. Most of the changes suggested by the experts were followed; these changes consisted primarily of adjustments to verb tense and agreement and the inclusion of letters and words to allow gender inflection. In the pre-test, no suggestions were made and the instrument was considered comprehensible. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the PID-5 was found to be adequate to the Brazilian context from semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual perspectives. The Brazilian version assessed here can be freely used, was approved by the publishers who hold the copyright on the instrument, and is considered the official version of the instrument. New studies are underway to determine the validity and reliability of the PID-5.

Corrigendum: The Impact of the Parental Support on Risk Factors in the Process of Gender Affirmation of Transgender and Gender Diverse People.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00399.].

Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Attention Bias Modification for Childhood Anxiety Disorders: A Factorial Randomized Trial of Efficacy.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to assess group differences in symptom reduction between individuals receiving group cognitive behavioral therapy (G-CBT) and attention bias modification (ABM) compared to their respective control interventions, control therapy (CT), and attention control training (ACT), in a 2 × 2 factorial design. METHODS: A total of 310 treatment-naive children (7-11 years of age) were assessed for eligibility and 79 children with generalized, separation or social anxiety disorder were randomized and received G-CBT (n = 42) or CT (n = 37). Within each psychotherapy group, participants were again randomized to ABM (n = 38) or ACT (n = 41) in a 2 × 2 factorial design resulting in four groups: G-CBT + ABM (n = 21), G-CBT + ACT (n = 21), CT + ABM (n = 17), and CT + ACT (n = 20). Primary outcomes were responder designation as defined by Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale (≤2) and change on the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS). RESULTS: There were significant improvements of symptoms in all groups. No differences in response rates or mean differences in PARS scores were found among groups: G-CBT + ABM group (23.8% response; 3.9 points, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.3 to 8.1), G-CBT + ACT (42.9% response; 5.6 points, 95% CI 2.2-9.0), CT + ABM (47.1% response; 4.8 points 95% CI 1.08-8.57), and CT + ACT (30% response; 0.8 points, 95% CI -3.0 to 4.7). No evidence or synergic or antagonistic effects were found, but the combination of G-CBT and ABM was found to increase dropout rate. CONCLUSIONS: We found no effect of G-CBT or ABM beyond the effects of comparison groups. Results reveal no benefit from combining G-CBT and ABM for anxiety disorders in children and suggest potential deleterious effects of the combination on treatment acceptability.

The Impact of the Parental Support on Risk Factors in the Process of Gender Affirmation of Transgender and Gender Diverse People.

Research involving transgender and gender diverse people (TGD) increased in the last years, mostly concerning healthcare associated to this population. Few studies dedicated their analysis to the impact of parental support on transgender people, even though this is an important aspect in creating a safe environment on which these individuals can build their identity. In addition, the link between family support, TGD identity and homelessness is not completely established. Thus, due to the specificities of the family context of TGD individuals, the aim of this study is to investigate the association between family support and TGD in different moments of the process of gender affirmation. In addition, this study also aims to explore the relationship between a lack of social support and low self-esteem, home abandonment, and dwelling in the street. The survey was designed based on the TransPULSE project and was made available in electronic format. The sample was constituted of 423 TGD residents in two Brazilian states. A Structural Equation Model analysis suggested that the impact of gender affirmation status on homelessness was mediated by parental support, through self-esteem, and the need to move from home. The association between the status of the gender affirmation procedures, family support and self-esteem was significant and indicated that the further TGD individuals advanced in gender affirmation, the more self-esteem and family support they would have. The association between family support and self-esteem indicated that family support was associated with higher self-esteem. Low family support was associated with the willingness to move from home due to one's TGD status and there was also a significant correlation between low self-esteem and the willingness to move from home due to one's TGD status. Finally, homelessness was associated with the willingness to move with a large effect size. Limitations include the sample that was constituted by individuals with Internet access and who had more contact with TGD communities. The findings indicate directions for interventions involving TGD people and their families, considering the parental relationship as a critical variable to improve TGD quality of life in the process of gender affirmation.

Brazilian Portuguese version of the Anger Rumination Scale (ARS-Brazil).

Objective To describe the cross-cultural adaptation of the Anger Rumination Scale (ARS) for use in Brazil. Methods The cross-cultural adaptation followed a four-step process, based on specialized literature: 1) investigation of conceptual and item equivalence; 2) translation and back-translation; 3) pretest; and 4) investigation of operational equivalence. Results A final Brazilian version of the instrument (ARS-Brazil) was defined and is presented. Pretest results revealed that the instrument was generally well understood by adults as well as indicated a few modifications that were included in the final version presented here. Conclusion The Brazilian Portuguese version of the ARS seems to be very similar to the original ARS in terms of conceptual and item equivalence, semantics, and operational equivalence, suggesting that future cross-cultural studies may benefit from this early version. As a result, a new instrument is now available for the assessment of rumination symptoms of anger and irritability for adults in community, clinical, and research settings.

Brazilian Portuguese version of the Anger Rumination Scale (ARS-Brazil) / Versão em português brasileiro da Escala de Ruminação de Raiva (ARS-Brasil)

Abstract Objective To describe the cross-cultural adaptation of the Anger Rumination Scale (ARS) for use in Brazil. Methods The cross-cultural adaptation followed a four-step process, based on specialized literature: 1) investigation of conceptual and item equivalence; 2) translation and back-translation; 3) pretest; and 4) investigation of operational equivalence. Results A final Brazilian version of the instrument (ARS-Brazil) was defined and is presented. Pretest results revealed that the instrument was generally well understood by adults as well as indicated a few modifications that were included in the final version presented here. Conclusion The Brazilian Portuguese version of the ARS seems to be very similar to the original ARS in terms of conceptual and item equivalence, semantics, and operational equivalence, suggesting that future cross-cultural studies may benefit from this early version. As a result, a new instrument is now available for the assessment of rumination symptoms of anger and irritability for adults in community, clinical, and research settings.

Resumo Objetivo Descrever a adaptação transcultural da Escala de Ruminação de Raiva (Anger Rumination Scale, ARS) para uso no Brasil. Método A adaptação transcultural seguiu um processo de quatro etapas baseado em literatura especializada: 1) investigação da equivalência conceitual e dos itens; 2) tradução e retrotradução; 3) pré-teste; e 4) investigação da equivalência operacional. Resultados Uma versão final brasileira do instrumento, denominada ARS-Brasil, foi obtida e é apresentada. Os resultados do pré-teste demonstraram que a escala foi predominantemente bem entendida entre adultos, e indicaram algumas modificações que foram incluídas na versão final. Conclusão A versão da ARS adaptada para o português brasileiro mostra-se muito similar à versão original da ARS no que diz respeito à equivalência conceitual e dos itens, semântica e equivalência operacional, sugerindo que futuros estudos transculturais poderiam se beneficiar desta primeira versão. Como resultado, um novo instrumento está agora disponível para a avaliação de sintomas de ruminação da raiva e da irritabilidade para adultos, em contextos comunitário, clínico e de pesquisa.

The Social Aptitudes Scale: looking at both "ends" of the social functioning dimension.

PURPOSE: Dimensional approaches are likely to advance understanding of human behaviors and emotions. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether instruments in psychiatry capture variability at the full spectrum of these dimensions. We aimed to investigate this issue for two scales assessing distinct aspects of social functioning: the Social Aptitudes Scale (SAS), a "bidirectional" scale constructed to investigate both "ends" of social functioning; and the social Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL-social), a "unidirectional" scale constructed to assess social problems. METHODS: We investigated 2512 children and adolescents aged 6-14. Item response theory was used to investigate on which range of the trait each scale captures information. We performed quantile regressions to investigate if correlations between SAS and CBCL-social vary within different levels of social aptitudes dimension and multiple logistic regressions to investigate associations with negative and positive clinical outcomes. RESULTS: SAS was able to provide information on the full range of social aptitudes, whereas CBCL-social provided information on subjects with high levels of social problems. Quantile regressions showed SAS and CBCL-social have higher correlations for subjects with low social aptitudes and non-significant correlations for subjects with high social aptitudes. Multiple logistic regressions showed that SAS was able to provide independent clinical predictions even after adjusting for CBCL-social scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide further validity to SAS and exemplify the potential of "bidirectional" scales to dimensional assessment, allowing a better understanding of variations that occur in the population and providing information for children with typical and atypical development.

Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Portuguese Version of the PARmed-X for Pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: The Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (PARmed-X) for Pregnancy aims to facilitate the communication between the health care provider, the fitness professional and the pregnant woman. The purpose of the current study was to test the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the PARmed-X for Pregnancy. METHODS: Reliability and validity of psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the PARmed-X for Pregnancy were tested in 107 women recruited from the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Participants completed the first page of the instrument twice with a minimal interval of 1 week for test-retest reliability analysis. The absolute and relative contraindications to exercise on page 2 of the document were completed by the obstetrician. RESULTS: Results indicated good evidence of construct validity. The isolated items in the PARmed-X document presented a large heterogeneity in kappa coefficients ranging from very low estimates to perfect estimates. The overall indication of prescription of physical activity, nonetheless, presented a good kappa coefficient of 0.749. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the PARmed-X for Pregnancy can be applied as a valid tool for medical screening by health care providers to help inform safe exercise prescription during pregnancy.

Psychometric properties of the dimensional anxiety scales for DSM-5 in a Brazilian community sample.

The DSM-5 highlights the use of dimensional assessments of mental health as a supplement to categorical diagnoses. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the DSM-5 Dimensional Anxiety Scales in a Brazilian community sample. Dimensional scales for generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and specific phobia were administered to 930 adults aged 18 to 70, 64.2% female. Psychometric properties investigated were: unidimensionality; measurement invariance; internal consistency; composite reliability; test-retest reliability; convergent and divergent validity; category thresholds and item performance analyses. Analyses revealed unidimensionality for all scales except for specific phobia. Measurement invariance, high internal consistency and composite reliability, and convergent and divergent validity were demonstrated. Test-retest reliability was high for all scales but generalized anxiety disorder. Item-based analyses evidenced that none of the items were very easy to endorse and that the scales offered more information about subjects with high severity estimates of anxiety. The DSM-5 Dimensional Anxiety Scales are a valid and reliable alternative to assess anxiety symptomatology in community settings, although further evaluation is needed, especially for specific phobia. The scales seem to be more useful for characterizing dimensionality of symptoms for subclinical or clinical cases than for slight or mildly anxious subjects.

Nas "filas de espera": tempo entre submissão e aceitação de manuscritos em periódicos brasileiros de psicologia / On "waiting lines": time between submission and acceptance dates of manuscripts in brazilian psychology journals / En la "fila de espera": tiempo entre la sumisión y la aceptación de manuscritos en periódicos brasileros de psicología

Revistas científicas são um dos principais veículos para a disseminação de achados científicos tendo um papel crucial no desenvolvimento da ciência. No entanto, tais objetivos exigem um processo editorial eficiente. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever a média de tempo entre submissão e aceitação de manuscritos em revistas brasileiras de alta qualidade em Psicologia e investigar associações entre o tempo de submissão/aceitação e aspectos do processo editorial. Foram selecionados 44 periódicos dos estratos mais altos do Qualis CAPES da área de Psicologia. Foi consultado o tempo entre as datas de submissão e aceitação dos artigos disponíveis online nos quatro últimos números de cada revista (n = 2.580). A média de tempo foi de 235,37 dias (DP = 192,95). Quanto mais alto o estrato Qualis, maior o tempo entre submissão/aceitação. Quanto maior o número de membros no corpo editorial, menor o tempo entre submissão/aceitação. O tempo entre submissão/aceitação foi menor nas revistas de associações/conselhos em comparação às revistas de universidades/faculdades. Os resultados são discutidos enfatizando o impacto de processos editoriais na divulgação do conhecimento e na avaliação de pesquisadores e revistas científicas. Sugestões são oferecidas com a finalidade de tornar mais eficaz o processo editorial.(AU)

Scientific journal are a major mean for disseminating scientific findings, and play a crucial role in the development and updating of science. However these goals require an efficient editorial process. The aims of this study were to describe the average time between submission and acceptance of manuscripts in high quality Brazilian journals in Psychology and to investigate associations between the submission/acceptance time and aspects of the editorial process. We selected 44 journals from the highest strata of the Psychology Qualis CAPES. Published articles available online in the last four numbers of each journal were consulted in regard to the declared time between the dates of submission and acceptance (N = 2,580). The average submission/acceptance time was 235.37 days (SD = 192.95). The higher the Qualis stratum of the journal, the longer the submission/acceptance time. The higher the number of members in the editorial board, the faster submission/acceptance time. The submission/acceptance time was faster in journals of associations/councils as compared to journals of public and private universities/colleges. Results are discussed emphasizing the impact of a long editorial process in the dissemination of science and the assessment of researchers and scientific journals. Suggestions are offered to make the editorial process more effective.(AU)

Revistas científicas son uno de los principales vehículos para la diseminación de los hallazgos científicos y tienen un papel crucial en el desarrollo de la ciencia. Sin embargo, tales objetivos exigen un proceso editorial eficiente. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la media del tiempo entre la sumisión y aceptación de manuscritos en revistas brasileras de alta cualidad en Psicología, e investigar asociaciones entre el tiempo de sumisión/aceptación y aspectos del proceso editorial. Fueron seleccionados 44 periódicos de los estratos más altos del Qualis Capes de Psicología. Fueron consultados el tiempo entre las fechas de sumisión y aceptación de los artículos disponibles online en los cuatro últimos números de cada revista (n = 2.580). La media de tiempo fue de 235,37 días (SD = 192,95). Cuanto más alto el estrato Qualis, mayor el tiempo de sumisión/aceptación. Cuanto más miembros en el grupo editorial, menor el tiempo de sumisión/aceptación. El tiempo de sumisión/aceptación fue menor en las revisas de asociaciones/consejos en comparación a las de universidades/facultades. Los resultados son discutidos enfatizando el impacto de procesos editoriales en la divulgación del conocimiento y evaluación de investigadores y revistas científicas. Sugerencias son ofrecidas con la finalidad de volver más eficaz el proceso editorial.(AU)

Nas "filas de espera": tempo entre submissão e aceitação de manuscritos em periódicos brasileiros de psicologia / On "waiting lines": time between submission and acceptance dates of manuscripts in brazilian psychology journals / En la "fila de espera": tiempo entre la sumisión y la aceptación de manuscritos en periódicos brasileros de psicología

Revistas científicas são um dos principais veículos para a disseminação de achados científicos tendo um papel crucial no desenvolvimento da ciência. No entanto, tais objetivos exigem um processo editorial eficiente. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever a média de tempo entre submissão e aceitação de manuscritos em revistas brasileiras de alta qualidade em Psicologia e investigar associações entre o tempo de submissão/aceitação e aspectos do processo editorial. Foram selecionados 44 periódicos dos estratos mais altos do Qualis CAPES da área de Psicologia. Foi consultado o tempo entre as datas de submissão e aceitação dos artigos disponíveis online nos quatro últimos números de cada revista (n = 2.580). A média de tempo foi de 235,37 dias (DP = 192,95). Quanto mais alto o estrato Qualis, maior o tempo entre submissão/aceitação. Quanto maior o número de membros no corpo editorial, menor o tempo entre submissão/aceitação. O tempo entre submissão/aceitação foi menor nas revistas de associações/conselhos em comparação às revistas de universidades/faculdades. Os resultados são discutidos enfatizando o impacto de processos editoriais na divulgação do conhecimento e na avaliação de pesquisadores e revistas científicas. Sugestões são oferecidas com a finalidade de tornar mais eficaz o processo editorial.

Scientific journal are a major mean for disseminating scientific findings, and play a crucial role in the development and updating of science. However these goals require an efficient editorial process. The aims of this study were to describe the average time between submission and acceptance of manuscripts in high quality Brazilian journals in Psychology and to investigate associations between the submission/acceptance time and aspects of the editorial process. We selected 44 journals from the highest strata of the Psychology Qualis CAPES. Published articles available online in the last four numbers of each journal were consulted in regard to the declared time between the dates of submission and acceptance (N = 2,580). The average submission/acceptance time was 235.37 days (SD = 192.95). The higher the Qualis stratum of the journal, the longer the submission/acceptance time. The higher the number of members in the editorial board, the faster submission/acceptance time. The submission/acceptance time was faster in journals of associations/councils as compared to journals of public and private universities/colleges. Results are discussed emphasizing the impact of a long editorial process in the dissemination of science and the assessment of researchers and scientific journals. Suggestions are offered to make the editorial process more effective.

Revistas científicas son uno de los principales vehículos para la diseminación de los hallazgos científicos y tienen un papel crucial en el desarrollo de la ciencia. Sin embargo, tales objetivos exigen un proceso editorial eficiente. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la media del tiempo entre la sumisión y aceptación de manuscritos en revistas brasileras de alta cualidad en Psicología, e investigar asociaciones entre el tiempo de sumisión/aceptación y aspectos del proceso editorial. Fueron seleccionados 44 periódicos de los estratos más altos del Qualis Capes de Psicología. Fueron consultados el tiempo entre las fechas de sumisión y aceptación de los artículos disponibles online en los cuatro últimos números de cada revista (n = 2.580). La media de tiempo fue de 235,37 días (SD = 192,95). Cuanto más alto el estrato Qualis, mayor el tiempo de sumisión/aceptación. Cuanto más miembros en el grupo editorial, menor el tiempo de sumisión/aceptación. El tiempo de sumisión/aceptación fue menor en las revisas de asociaciones/consejos en comparación a las de universidades/facultades. Los resultados son discutidos enfatizando el impacto de procesos editoriales en la divulgación del conocimiento y evaluación de investigadores y revistas científicas. Sugerencias son ofrecidas con la finalidad de volver más eficaz el proceso editorial.

Phonemic verbal fluency and severity of anxiety disorders in young children.

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have implicated impaired verbal fluency as being associated with anxiety disorders in adolescents. OBJECTIVES: To replicate and extend previously reported evidence by investigating whether performance in phonemic verbal fluency tasks is related to severity of anxiety symptoms in young children with anxiety disorders. We also aim to investigate whether putative associations are independent from co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. METHODS: Sixty children (6-12 years old) with primary diagnoses of anxiety disorders participated in this study. Severity of symptoms was measured using clinician-based, parent-rated and self-rated validated scales. Verbal fluency was assessed using a simple task that measures the number of words evoked in 1-minute with the letter F, from which we quantified the number of isolated words, number of clusters (groups of similar words) and number of switches (transitions between clusters and/or between isolated words). RESULTS: There was a significant association between the number of clusters and anxiety scores. Further analysis revealed associations were independent from co-occurring ADHD symptoms. CONCLUSION: We replicate and extend previous findings showing that verbal fluency is consistently associated with severity in anxiety disorders in children. Further studies should explore the potential effect of cognitive training on symptoms of anxiety disorders.

Perfil dos bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa do CNPq atuantes em psicologia no triênio 2012-2014 / Profile of “CNPq research productivity scholarship” active in psychology in the triennium 2012-2014 / Perfil de la beca investigación productividad delCNPq activa en psicología en el trienio 2012-2014

Resumo O Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) confere bolsas de produtividade em pesquisa (PQ) aos profissionais que preenchem determinados critérios. A identificação do perfil dos bolsistas PQ das mais variadas áreas do conhecimento é importante tanto para a elaboração de um mapeamento geral sobre a área como um todo quanto para a elaboração de políticas que visem a incrementar o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico em subáreas ou locais específicos. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o perfil dos bolsistas PQ do CNPq atuantes na Psicologia, considerando o triênio concluído em 2014. A amostra foi composta pelos currículos de 338 bolsistas de produtividade que atuam na Psicologia. Os dados obtidos a partir deste levantamento indicaram que seis entre cada 10 bolsistas PQ que atuam na área da Psicologia estão concentradas no estrato 2 e que apenas 10 universidades concentram 56,7% dos pesquisadores contemplados com bolsas PQ. Ainda há uma centralização na região Sudeste, que recebe 55,3% das bolsas e apresenta a maior proporção de bolsas PQ por habitantes do país. Os bolsistas atuam majoritariamente em universidades públicas, principalmente federais, e são em sua maioria mulheres. Além disso, Psicologia Social, Psicologia do Desenvolvimento Humano e Tratamento e Prevenção Psicológica são as áreas de atuação mais recorrentes entre os pesquisadores que recebem bolsas PQ. A identificação de desigualdades regionais, de concentração de bolsas em poucas instituições e de disparidades de gênero, por exemplo, pode contribuir para que algumas questões relativas à distribuição de recursos sejam reavaliadas.(AU)

Abstract The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) provides research productivity grants (PQ) to professionals who meet certain criteria. Identifying the profile of PQ scholars from different fields of knowledge is important for the development of a broad mapping of the field and for the development of policies aimed at boosting scientific and technological development in sub-areas or specific locations. The goal of this study is to analyze the profile of CNPq PQ fellows working in Psychology, considering the three-year period concluded in 2014. The sample consisted of curricula from 338 productivity fellows working in Psychology. The data obtained from this survey indicated that six out of every 10 PQ fellows working in the field of Psychology are located on the layer 2 and that only 10 universities concentrate 56.7% of researchers awarded with PQ grants. There is still a high concentration in the Southeast, which receives 55.3% of grants and presents the highest proportion of PQ grants per inhabitants in Brazil. Fellows work mostly in public universities, mainly federal, and are mostly women. Moreover, Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology and Psychological Treatment and Prevention are the most frequent fields among researchers who receive PQ grants. The identification of regional inequalities, concentration of grants in only a few institutions and also gender disparities, for example, can contribute so that questions regarding resource distribution can be reassessed.(AU)

Resumen El Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (CNPq) ofrece becas de productividad en investigación (PQ) a los investigadores que cumplen con ciertos criterios. Identificar el perfil de los becarios PQ de diferentes campos del conocimiento es importante para un mapeo general del área de estudio, y para la formulación de políticas destinadas a estimular el desarrollo científico y tecnológico en sub-áreas o lugares específicos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el perfil de los becarios PQ del CNPq que trabajan en psicología, teniendo en cuenta el período de tres años completado en 2014. La muestra fue compuesta por los currículos de 338 becarios PQ que trabajan en psicología. Los datos obtenidos de este estudio indicaron que seis de cada 10 becarios PQ que trabajan en el campo de la psicología se centran en la capa 2, y que solo 10 universidades concentran el 56,7% de los investigadores galardonados con becas PQ. Todavía hay una centralización en el sudeste, que recibe el 55,3% de las becas y tiene la mayor proporción de becas PQ por habitantes del país. Los becarios trabajan principalmente en universidades públicas, la mayor parte federales, y son en su mayoría mujeres. Además, Psicología Social, Psicología del Desarrollo Humano y Tratamiento y Prevención Psicológica, son las áreas más frecuentes de atención entre los investigadores que reciben becas PQ. La identificación de las desigualdades regionales, de la concentración de las becas en unas pocas instituciones, y de las disparidades de género, por ejemplo, puede contribuir a reevaluar la distribución de los recursos.(AU)

Perfil dos Bolsistas de Produtividade em Pesquisa do CNPq atuantes em Psicologia no Triênio 2012-2014 / Profile of “CNPq Research Productivity Scholarship” active in Psychology in the triennium 2012-2014 / Perfil de la Beca Investigación Productividad del CNPq activa en Psicología en el trienio 2012-2014

Resumo O Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) confere bolsas de produtividade em pesquisa (PQ) aos profissionais que preenchem determinados critérios. A identificação do perfil dos bolsistas PQ das mais variadas áreas do conhecimento é importante tanto para a elaboração de um mapeamento geral sobre a área como um todo quanto para a elaboração de políticas que visem a incrementar o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico em subáreas ou locais específicos. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o perfil dos bolsistas PQ do CNPq atuantes na Psicologia, considerando o triênio concluído em 2014. A amostra foi composta pelos currículos de 338 bolsistas de produtividade que atuam na Psicologia. Os dados obtidos a partir deste levantamento indicaram que seis entre cada 10 bolsistas PQ que atuam na área da Psicologia estão concentradas no estrato 2 e que apenas 10 universidades concentram 56,7% dos pesquisadores contemplados com bolsas PQ. Ainda há uma centralização na região Sudeste, que recebe 55,3% das bolsas e apresenta a maior proporção de bolsas PQ por habitantes do país. Os bolsistas atuam majoritariamente em universidades públicas, principalmente federais, e são em sua maioria mulheres. Além disso, Psicologia Social, Psicologia do Desenvolvimento Humano e Tratamento e Prevenção Psicológica são as áreas de atuação mais recorrentes entre os pesquisadores que recebem bolsas PQ. A identificação de desigualdades regionais, de concentração de bolsas em poucas instituições e de disparidades de gênero, por exemplo, pode contribuir para que algumas questões relativas à distribuição de recursos sejam reavaliadas....(AU)

Abstract The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) provides research productivity grants (PQ) to professionals who meet certain criteria. Identifying the profile of PQ scholars from different fields of knowledge is important for the development of a broad mapping of the field and for the development of policies aimed at boosting scientific and technological development in sub-areas or specific locations. The goal of this study is to analyze the profile of CNPq PQ fellows working in Psychology, considering the three-year period concluded in 2014. The sample consisted of curricula from 338 productivity fellows working in Psychology. The data obtained from this survey indicated that six out of every 10 PQ fellows working in the field of Psychology are located on the layer 2 and that only 10 universities concentrate 56.7% of researchers awarded with PQ grants. There is still a high concentration in the Southeast, which receives 55.3% of grants and presents the highest proportion of PQ grants per inhabitants in Brazil. Fellows work mostly in public universities, mainly federal, and are mostly women. Moreover, Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology and Psychological Treatment and Prevention are the most frequent fields among researchers who receive PQ grants. The identification of regional inequalities, concentration of grants in only a few institutions and also gender disparities, for example, can contribute so that questions regarding resource distribution can be reassessed....(AU)

Resumen El Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (CNPq) ofrece becas de productividad en investigación (PQ) a los investigadores que cumplen con ciertos criterios. Identificar el perfil de los becarios PQ de diferentes campos del conocimiento es importante para un mapeo general del área de estudio, y para la formulación de políticas destinadas a estimular el desarrollo científico y tecnológico en sub-áreas o lugares específicos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el perfil de los becarios PQ del CNPq que trabajan en psicología, teniendo en cuenta el período de tres años completado en 2014. La muestra fue compuesta por los currículos de 338 becarios PQ que trabajan en psicología. Los datos obtenidos de este estudio indicaron que seis de cada 10 becarios PQ que trabajan en el campo de la psicología se centran en la capa 2, y que solo 10 universidades concentran el 56,7% de los investigadores galardonados con becas PQ. Todavía hay una centralización en el sudeste, que recibe el 55,3% de las becas y tiene la mayor proporción de becas PQ por habitantes del país. Los becarios trabajan principalmente en universidades públicas, la mayor parte federales, y son en su mayoría mujeres. Además, Psicología Social, Psicología del Desarrollo Humano y Tratamiento y Prevención Psicológica, son las áreas más frecuentes de atención entre los investigadores que reciben becas PQ. La identificación de las desigualdades regionales, de la concentración de las becas en unas pocas instituciones, y de las disparidades de género, por ejemplo, puede contribuir a reevaluar la distribución de los recursos....(AU)

Longitudinal effects of contextual and proximal factors on mother-infant interactions among Brazilian adolescent mothers.

Adolescent mothers often come from vulnerable backgrounds which might impact the quality of both maternal and infant behavior. Despite the negative impact of adolescent motherhood for maternal and infant behavior, social support may decrease the risks and promote maternal behavior toward the infant. The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinally the effects of proximal (maternal behavior) and distal (mother's perceived social support) variables on infant development in a sample of Brazilian adolescent mothers and their infants. Thirty-nine adolescent mothers (Mage=17.26years; SD=1.71) were observed interacting with their infants at 3 and 6 months postpartum and reported on social support. Results revealed that maternal and infant behavior were associated within and across times. Mothers' perceived social support at 3 months had an indirect effect on infant behavior at 6 months, totally mediated by maternal behavior at 6 months. Our findings revealed the mutual influence between maternal and infant behavior, revealing a proximal process. The results also underscored the importance of the passage of time in the interplay between mother-infant interactions and their developmental context.

Measuring child maltreatment using multi-informant survey data: a higher-order confirmatory factor analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the validity and reliability of a multi-informant approach to measuring child maltreatment (CM) comprising seven questions assessing CM administered to children and their parents in a large community sample. METHODS: Our sample comprised 2,512 children aged 6 to 12 years and their parents. Child maltreatment (CM) was assessed with three questions answered by the children and four answered by their parents, covering physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse and sexual abuse. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare the fit indices of different models. Convergent and divergent validity were tested using parent-report and teacher-report scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Discriminant validity was investigated using the Development and Well-Being Assessment to divide subjects into five diagnostic groups: typically developing controls (n = 1,880), fear disorders (n = 108), distress disorders (n = 76), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n = 143) and oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (n = 56). RESULTS: A higher-order model with one higher-order factor (child maltreatment) encompassing two lower-order factors (child report and parent report) exhibited the best fit to the data and this model's reliability results were acceptable. As expected, child maltreatment was positively associated with measures of psychopathology and negatively associated with prosocial measures. All diagnostic category groups had higher levels of overall child maltreatment than typically developing children. CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence for the validity and reliability of this brief measure of child maltreatment using data from a large survey combining information from parents and their children.

Measuring child maltreatment using multi-informant survey data: a higher-order confirmatory factor analysis / Dados de levantamento com múltiplos informantes para a mensuração de maus-tratos na infância: uma análise fatorial confirmatória de segunda ordem

Objective To investigate the validity and reliability of a multi-informant approach to measuring child maltreatment (CM) comprising seven questions assessing CM administered to children and their parents in a large community sample. Methods Our sample comprised 2,512 children aged 6 to 12 years and their parents. Child maltreatment (CM) was assessed with three questions answered by the children and four answered by their parents, covering physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse and sexual abuse. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare the fit indices of different models. Convergent and divergent validity were tested using parent-report and teacher-report scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Discriminant validity was investigated using the Development and Well-Being Assessment to divide subjects into five diagnostic groups: typically developing controls (n = 1,880), fear disorders (n = 108), distress disorders (n = 76), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n = 143) and oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (n = 56). Results A higher-order model with one higher-order factor (child maltreatment) encompassing two lower-order factors (child report and parent report) exhibited the best fit to the data and this model's reliability results were acceptable. As expected, child maltreatment was positively associated with measures of psychopathology and negatively associated with prosocial measures. All diagnostic category groups had higher levels of overall child maltreatment than typically developing children. Conclusions We found evidence for the validity and reliability of this brief measure of child maltreatment using data from a large survey combining information from parents and their children.

Objetivo Investigar a validade e confiabilidade de uma abordagem de múltiplos informantes para a mensuração de maus-tratos na infância, composta por sete questões avaliando maus-tratos na infância respondidas pelas crianças e seus pais em uma ampla amostra comunitária. Métodos A amostra foi composta por 2.512 crianças com idades entre 6 e 12 anos e seus pais. Maus-tratos na infância foram avaliados com três questões respondidas pelas crianças e quatro respondidas pelos seus pais, investigando violência física, negligência física, violência emocional e violência sexual. Análises fatoriais confirmatórias foram utilizadas para comparar os índices de ajuste de diferentes modelos. Validade convergente e divergente foi testada utilizando escores de relato parental e de relato dos professores no Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Validade discriminante foi investigada utilizando a entrevista Development and Well-Being Assessment para dividir os participantes em cinco grupos diagnósticos: controles com desenvolvimento típico (n = 1.880), transtornos do medo (n = 108), transtornos do estresse (n = 76), transtorno de déficit de atenção-hiperatividade (n = 143) e transtorno opositivo-desafiador/conduta (n = 56). Resultados Um modelo de segunda ordem com um fator de segunda ordem (maus-tratos na infância) englobando dois fatores de primeira ordem (relato da criança e relato parental) demonstrou o melhor ajuste aos dados, e os resultados de confiabilidade desse modelo foram aceitáveis. Como esperado, maus-tratos na infância estiveram positivamente associados a medidas de psicopatologia e negativamente associados a medidas pró-sociais. Todos os grupos de categorias diagnósticas tiveram níveis mais altos de maus-tratos na infância do que as crianças com desenvolvimento típico. Conclusões Foram encontradas evidências de validade e confiabilidade dessa medida breve de maus-tratos na infância utilizando dados de um grande levantamento combinando o relato de pais e seus filhos.

Estrutura fatorial, fidedignidade e parâmetros de itens da versão em português brasileiro do questionário GAD-7 / Factor structure, reliability, and item parameters of the brazilian-portuguese version of the GAD-7 questionnaire / Estructura factorial, confiabilidad, y ítems parámetros de la versión de portugués brasileño del cuestionario GAD-7

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD-7 questionnaire in a community sample (n = 206) of Brazilian adults. The sample was 41% female, with a mean age of 21.10 (SD = 4.49),75.6% from colleges/universities. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis provided support to the original unidimensional model of the GAD-7 in the Brazilian context. Analyses of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the GAD-7 scores were significantly different between males and females, with females scoring higher than males. The scale demonstrated good reliability evidence; both Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = .916) and rho composite reliability coefficient (ρ= .909) were adequate. Item parameter analysis showed items 5 and 7 presented the highest severity thresholds for the generalized anxiety latent trait, whereas item 1 presented the lowest ones. Our findings suggest that the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the GAD-7 is suitable for assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptoms in Brazilian adults in community settings.

Este estudo analisou as propriedades psicométricas da versão em Português Brasileiro do questionário de "Transtorno de Ansiedade Generalizada - GAD-7 em uma amostra de comunidade (n = 206) da população adulta brasileira. A amostra foi composta por de 41% de participantes do sexo feminino, com idade média de 21,10 (DP = 4,49), e 75,6% em instituições de ensino superior. Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmatória forneceram apoio para o modelo unidimensional original do GAD-7 no contexto brasileiro. As análises de variância (ANOVA) mostraram que os escores do GAD-7 foram significativamente diferentes entre homens e mulheres, com as mulheres apresentando maiores escores que os homens. A escala demonstrou uma boa fidedignidade; sendo que tanto o coeficiente de Cronbach alfa (α = 0,916) e rho coeficiente de confiabilidade composta (ρ = 0,909) foram adequados. A análise dos parâmetros dos itens mostrou itens 5 e 7 apresentaram os limiares mais elevados de severidade para o traço-latente de ansiedade generalizada, enquanto que o item 1 apresentou as menores. Nossos resultados sugerem que a versão Português Brasileiro do GAD-7 é adequada para avaliar os sintomas do transtorno de ansiedade generalizada em adultos brasileiros em ambientes comunitários.

Este estudio examinó las propiedades psicométricas de la versión de portugués brasileño del cuestionario de Desorden de Ansiedad Generalizada GAD-7, en una muestra comunitaria (n = 206) de adultos brasileños. La muestra se compone de 41% de mujeres, con una edad media de 21,10 (SD = 4,49), y 75,6% estudiantes universitarios. El análisis factorial confirmatorio proporcionó evidencias que soportan el modelo unidimensional original del GAD-7 en el contexto brasileño. El análisis de variancia (ANOVA) mostró que las puntuaciones fueron significativamente diferentes entre hombres y mujeres, siendo que las mujeres obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas que los hombres. La escala demostró tener una buena confiabilidad; el coeficiente de alpha de Cronbach (α= .916) y el coeficiente rho de fiabilidad (ρ = .909) fueron adecuados. El análisis de datos mostró los ítems 5 y 7 tuvieron los umbrales de gravedad más altos en el trazo de ansiedad generalizada, mientras el ítem 1 tuvo el más bajo. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que la versión en portugués brasileño de GAD-7 es adecuado para la evaluación de síntomas de trastorno de ansiedad generalizada en adultos brasileños en contextos comunitarios.