Subject(s)
Consultants , Health Care Reform , Mandatory Programs/legislation & jurisprudence , National Health Programs/organization & administration , State Medicine/organization & administration , Europe , Health Care Reform/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Mandatory Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Security/standards , State Medicine/standards , United KingdomSubject(s)
Choice Behavior , Delivery of Health Care/methods , Patient Participation/methods , State Medicine/organization & administration , Health Care Reform/methods , Health Care Reform/trends , Health Policy , Humans , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Patient Participation/trends , State Medicine/trends , United KingdomSubject(s)
Elephantiasis, Filarial/drug therapy , Elephantiasis, Filarial/prevention & control , Filaricides/therapeutic use , Albendazole/therapeutic use , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Diethylcarbamazine/therapeutic use , Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Fiji/epidemiology , Humans , Pacific Islands/epidemiology , Prevalence , Primary Prevention/methods , Primary Prevention/organization & administration , Program Development/methods , Samoa/epidemiologySubject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Health Facilities, Proprietary/organization & administration , Medicine , Politics , Specialization , State Medicine/organization & administration , Advisory Committees/organization & administration , Choice Behavior , Community Health Centers/economics , Community Health Centers/organization & administration , Government Agencies/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Facilities, Proprietary/standards , Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Patient Advocacy/legislation & jurisprudence , United KingdomSubject(s)
Foundations/legislation & jurisprudence , Hospitals, Public/legislation & jurisprudence , Politics , State Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence , Economics, Hospital/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Hospital Administration/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , State Medicine/organization & administration , United KingdomSubject(s)
Health Services Needs and Demand , Public Health/trends , Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Poverty , Smoking Prevention , United KingdomABSTRACT
In a skeletal muscle fiber, each myonucleus is responsible for gene expression in its surrounding cytoplasm. The region of cytoplasm associated with an individual myonucleus is termed myonuclear domain. However, little is known about domain size variation within individual muscle fibers. This study tests the hypothesis that myonuclear domains expressing neonatal myosin within end regions of maturing fibers will be smaller than domains elsewhere in the fibers. The model used is chicken pectoralis, where we have previously shown that during development repression of neonatal myosin radiates from the central region towards the fiber ends. Samples excised from birds aged nine through to 115 days after hatching were sectioned transversely. Using computer image analysis and immunocytochemistry, fiber profiles were classified as neonatal, transforming or adult. Each profile was also located in an adjacent dystrophin-labelled section, where myonuclei were visualized using haematoxylin and bisbenzamide. Variation in myonuclear length with age was not found to be significant (p = 0.925). Myonuclei were counted, and formulae used to calculate mean myonuclear domain size for each profile type. Myonuclear number/mm fiber was calculated to be adult (mean = 108.57 myonuclei/mm), transforming (65.82) and neonatal (25.23). Transforming profiles had significantly (p=0.027) more myonuclei/mm than neonatal, as did adult (p=0.005). Volume of cytoplasm/myonucleus was adult (mean = 16,132 microm3/myonucleus), transforming (12,899) and neonatal (8,130). Transforming and adult profiles had significantly (p<0.001) larger myonuclear domains than did neonatal profiles. Transforming and adult profiles did not differ in either myonuclei/mm (p=0.302) or volume of cytoplasm/myonucleus (p=0.413). This study demonstrates smaller domains at the terminal tips of maturing muscle fibers.