Channel-Boosted and Transfer Learning Convolutional Neural Network-Based Osteoporosis Detection from CT Scan, Dual X-Ray, and X-Ray Images.

Osteoporosis is a word used to describe a condition in which bone density has been diminished as a result of inadequate bone tissue development to counteract the elimination of old bone tissue. Osteoporosis diagnosis is made possible by the use of medical imaging technologies such as CT scans, dual X-ray, and X-ray images. In practice, there are various osteoporosis diagnostic methods that may be performed with a single imaging modality to aid in the diagnosis of the disease. The proposed study is to develop a framework, that is, to aid in the diagnosis of osteoporosis which agrees to all of these CT scans, X-ray, and dual X-ray imaging modalities. The framework will be implemented in the near future. The proposed work, CBTCNNOD, is the integration of 3 functional modules. The functional modules are a bilinear filter, grey-level zone length matrix, and CB-CNN. It is constructed in a manner that can provide crisp osteoporosis diagnostic reports based on the images that are fed into the system. All 3 modules work together to improve the performance of the proposed approach, CBTCNNOD, in terms of accuracy by 10.38%, 10.16%, 7.86%, and 14.32%; precision by 11.09%, 9.08%, 10.01%, and 16.51%; sensitivity by 9.77%, 10.74%, 6.20%, and 12.78%; and specificity by 11.01%, 9.52%, 9.5%, and 15.84%, while requiring less processing time of 33.52%, 17.79%, 23.34%, and 10.86%, when compared to the existing techniques of RCETA, BMCOFA, BACBCT, and XSFCV, respectively.

Closed-loop recirculating manifold for matrix isolation in flow injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Analysis of silver electrolysis solutions.

Two flow injection procedures have been investigated for the determination of some elements in silver electrolysis solutions, for which the problem of the formation of silver acetylide needs to be addressed. A single line manifold was found to give acceptable results for limited time periods, but for prolonged operation it was necessary to remove the silver. This was achieved with a recirculating reactor in which the silver was precipitated as the chloride and retained on a filter of nylon fibers. Good recoveries of copper, iron, nickel and zinc from solutions containing up to 100 g/l. silver were obtained with over 95% of the silver retained on the filter. The filter was regenerated rapidly by flushing with ammonia solution.