[Epidemiological situation on tularemia in the regions of Stavropol Territory affected by flood]. / Epidemiologicheskaia situatsiia po tuliaremii v raionakh Stavropol'skogo Kraia, podvergshikhsia navodneniiu.

The data obtained in the analysis of the epidemiological situation in tularemia in the zone of inundation in the Stavropol Territory in 2002 are presented. The current systematic epidemiological surveillance, as well as the data of urgent epizootological and epidemiological survey in the zone of inundation permitted the objective prognostication of the situation in tularemia and formed the basis for the rational planning and realization of prophylactic measures.

[Epizootic significance of white-toothed shrews in the natural focus of steppe type tularemia in the Stavropol' region]. / Epizooticheskoe znachenie zemleroek belozubok v prirodnom ochage tuliaremii stepnogo tipa v Stavropol'skom krae.

The observations indicate that anthropogenic activities cause structural changes with time among tularemia pathogen carriers in the microfocus. The epizootic and epidemic values of animal species, such as dwarf hamsters and house mice, decrease while those of insect-eating animals, namely white-toothed shrews that refer to Group II increase, in terms of tularemia infection susceptibility. In white-toothed shrews, tularemia infection rates are 4-6-times greater than those in other small mammals that refer to Group I.

[The pathomorphological characteristics of duodenal peptic ulcer in the victims of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station: changes in the gastric mucosa]. / Patomorfologicheskie osobennosti iazvennoi bolezni dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki u lits, postradavshikh vsledstvie avarii na ChAES: izmeneniia slizistoi obolochki zheludka.

Gastrobiopsies were studied from patients with duodenal ulcer, 62 of whom took part in the elimination of the effects of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant breakdown, 33 were permanent residents in the territories affected by radioactive contamination, and 36 formed the control group. Several distinguishing features were noted in chronic Helicobacter gastritis in victims of Chernobyl accident versus control, such as higher degree and activity of the inflammatory process spreading over large tissue areas, with Helicobacter pylori being recordable in the gastric mucosa in highly increased numbers, and more frequent occurrence of atrophic changes. Incorporation of radionuclides and external irradiation at dose levels exceeding 25 cause most significant disturbances in regeneration of epithelium, with its enterolyzation and dysplasia going on, which fact makes the risk of neoplastic transformations higher.

[The pathomorphological characteristics of duodenal peptic ulcer in the victims of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station: changes in the duodenal mucosa outside of the defect]. / Patomorfologicheskie osobennosti iazvennoi bolezni dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki u lits, postradavshikh ot avarii na ChAES: izmeneniia slizistoi obolochki dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki vne defekta.

A study was made of duodenobiopsies from patients with duodenal ulcer, 62 of whom took part in the elimination of the effects of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident, 33 have been resident in the territories affected by radioactive contamination, and 36 were a group of nosological control. In the ChNPP accident victims, the inflammatory process in chronic duodenitis tended to be more pronounced and active, with the atrophic changes in the mucous membrane being more commonly seen. Incorporation of radionuclides and external irradiation in a dose exceeding 25 sGy causes most profound disturbances in regeneration of epithelium entailing metaplasia and dysplasia of gastric epithelium in duodenum, which facts heighten the risk for neoplasmogenesis.

[The effect of the vole subspecies of the plague microbe on the viability of Callopsylla caspia fleas]. / Vliianie chumnogo mikroba polevoch'ego podvida na zhizhnesposobnost' blokh Callopsylla caspia.

When infected with cultures of plague microbe reared at 28 C the experimental fleas showed no reliable differences in the mortality as compared to control ones. By contrast, the infection with agent cultures reared at 37 C as well as the infection on agonizing white mice caused a statistically reliable increase in the mortality in insects of both sexes. In the groups of fleas infected on white mice the most intensive mortality was observed during the first 24 hours after the infectious feeding that, apparently, is connected with the effect of toxins present in the blood of agonizing animals.

[Structural changes in the stomach, duodenum and pancreas in ischemic heart disease]. / Strukturnye izmeneniia zheludka, dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki i podzheludochnoi zhelezy pri ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

The authors carried out a morphological, histochemical and morphometric study of the gastric mucosa, duodenum and pancreas in 22 cadavers of patients who suffered of chronic ischemic heart disease. It was established that patients with chronic ischemic heart disease develop dystrophic, atrophic, sclerotic and compensatory-adaptative changes that may lead to marked structural-functional reorganization of the tissues. The morphological basis of trophic disorders are pronounced disturbances of the intramural microcirculatory bed. Changes were revealed of the morphology of the insular apparatus of the pancreas evidencing inclusion of the endocrinous component in the pathogenesis of chronic ischemic heart disease.

[Changes in the intraorganic blood vessels of the stomach and duodenum in peptic ulcer]. / Izmeneniia vnutriorgannykh krovenosnykh sosudov zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki pri iazvennoi bolezni.

It was established that the ulceration zones showed hyperemia which increases the volume density of venous vessels, disturbs the permeability of their walls, causes trophic disorders with subsequent phlebosclerosis, limitation of capacitance, appearance of venous hypertension and further changes of the vessel wall structures and neighbouring tissues. Compensatory reaction of the arterial intraorganic bed (vascular spasm) deteriorates trophic disorders. Simultaneous increase of the volume density of arterial vessels in the "intact" zone favours reparative and compensatory capacities of the latter. Repeat ulcer formation and chronic course of the disease furthers development of hemo- and microcirculatory disorders, progressing of angio- and perivascular sclerosis, reorganization of the intramural gastric and duodenal vascular bed.

[Clinical and morphofunctional changes in the mucosa of the inferior nasal conchae in various forms of chronic rhinitis]. / Klinicheskie i morfofunktsional'nye izmeneniia slizistoi obolochki nizhnikh nosovykh rakovin pri nekotorykh formakh khronicheskogo rinita.

Having in view the concept about a close relationship between morphofunctional changes and clinical picture of the disease, 35 patients of different sex, age and various duration of the disease were examined, in order to clarify certain modifications of chronic rhinitis and mechanisms of its pathogenesis. It was found that the forms of the disease were characterized by structural changes of the mucosa, whose microrhinoscopic picture was very different in the case of hyperplastic rhinitis. Changes in hydrolytic enzymes were dissimilar in the case of various clinical forms of the disease. Most demonstrative were the changes in alkaline phosphatase and ATPase in the glandular epithelium and walls of blood vessels in the mucosa. This can be used as an indirect sign of the functional state of the mucosa. Significant enzymatic changes reflect metabolic shifts in mucous structural components and can serve as the basis for the development of hypertrophic and hyperplastic processes.

[The rapid diagnosis of salmonellosis by a determination of the antigen in the biosubstrates of patients using the coagglutination reaction]. / Uskorennaia diagnostika sal'monelleza opredeleniem antigena v biosubstratakh bol'nykh s pomoshch'iu reaktsii koaggliutinatsii.

The diagnostic potential of the coagglutination test was checked with the aim of improving the laboratory diagnosis of Salmonella infections by the detection of Salmonella specific antigen in different biological materials (feces, urine, saliva and immune complexes in blood sera). The study of all specimens resulted in the confirmation of the diagnosis in 78% of patients, often during the first days of the disease. The proportion of nonspecific reactions, as shown in the control groups of healthy donors and patients with dysentery and other acute enteric infections, did not exceed 5%.

[The ability of flea species on the common vole from mountainous Dagestan to transmit and preserve the causative agent of plague]. / Sposobnost' nekotorykh vidov blokh obyknovennoi polevki iz vysokogornogo Dagestana peredavat' i sokhranit' vozbuditelia chumy.

The infection ability and terms of preservation of plague microbe in fleas of common vole from Dagestan high-mountain plague focus (Frontopsylla causasica, Megabothris turbidus, Ctenophthalmus intermedius and Amphipsylla rossica) was studied experimentally. Block formation and transmission of the infection by F. caucasica and M. turbidus was observed. The transmission of plague microbe by Ct. intermedius fleas was first carried out. These species of fleas preserve the infection for a long time. Experiments with fleas of A. rossica yielded negative results.

[Ctenophthalmus rettigi Rothschild, 1908 (Hystrichopsyllidae) fleas of Mesocricetus]. / Blokhi srednikh khomiakov Ctenophthalmus rettigi Rothschild, 1908 (Hystrchopsyllidae)]

Fleas of Ctenophthalmus rettigi Rothschild, 1908 (12 females, 12 males) collected in 1980 and 1982 in the northern Caucasus in the Levashi District of Dagestan not far from the village of Urma were referred by the authors to the nominative subspecies described from Romania. According to their taxonomic characters fleas of this species, collected in different places of Transcaucasia, are also referred to the nominative subspecies and not to C. rettigi smiti Klein, 1962, as before (Rostigaev, 1967; Tiflov, Skalon, Rostigaev, 1977 and others). The ways of distribution of hosts of C. rettigi fleas are suggested.

[Colitic variant of the gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis]. / Koliticheskii variant gastrointestinal'noi formy sal'monelleza.

Of 3327 hospitalized patients with salmonellosis, a clinical picture of isolated distal colitis was noted in 142 (4.3%). Acute dysentery was diagnosed in them before the results of bacteriological stool examination were ready. In this variant of salmonellosis S. enteritidis and S. haifa were detected twice as more frequently than in the other variants. As compared to dysentery, the colitic variant of salmonellosis was characterized by more marked intoxication syndrome whereas stomach pains were less spasmodic, less frequently localized in the sigmoid colon; important symptoms for differential diagnosis like tenesmus, false rectal tenesmus, pains and spasms of the sigmoid colon were less frequently noted. Therefore this type of salmonellosis should be included in the clinical classification of salmonellosis of adults on the basis of an obvious clinical picture.