The effect of educational program (based on BASNEF model) on quality of life and adherence to treatment in patients with myocardial infarction in Shahrekord, Iran.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases affecting quality of life and adherence to treatment. This study aimed at assessing the impacts of an educational program based on the Belief, Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Enabling Factors (BASNEF) Model on quality of life and adherence to treatment in patients with MI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on eighty patients with MI admitted to hospitals affiliated to Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2019, which were selected by the convenience sampling and then randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received a BASNEF model-based educational-supportive intervention including three 45-min training sessions and three months' follow-up individually for each participant. Data were collected by Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index (QLI)-Cardiac Version, Modanloo Adherence to Treatment Questionnaire (MATQ) and questionnaire modified based on BASNEF model constructs. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version. 22 software using the descriptive and analytical statistical test. RESULTS: The total score of the MATQ and its subscales had significantly improved in the intervention group after the intervention (P < 0.001). The total score of the QLI and its subscales had significantly improved in the intervention group after the intervention (P < 0.001) In addition, the mean scores of the model constructs had significantly improved after the intervention in the intervention group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that applying BASNEF model-based educational interventions can lead to improved quality of life and adherence to treatment in the patients with MI. Therefore, this model can be used to reduce the complications of MI.

The Prevalence of Medication Errors Among Nursing Students: A Systematic and Meta-analysis Study.

BACKGROUND: Health promotion and preserving patients' safety are the main purposes of care in health-therapeutic systems. With regard to nursing profession, nursing students are exposed to medications errors (MEs) during clinical activities, which can be considered as a threat to patients' safety. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of MEs among nursing students using a systematic and meta-analysis approach. METHODS: 8 studies (in 9 groups) in English and Persian from inception to March 2019, were collected. Searched was conducted in SID, MagIran, IranMedex, Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus. The meta-analysis method and the random effects model were used to analyze the data. In addition, the I2 statistic was used to examine heterogeneity among studies. The analyses were conducted using Stata, version 11. RESULTS: Analysis of 8 studies (in 9 groups) with a total sample size of 688 showed that the overall MEs' prevalence among nursing students was 39.68% (95% CI: 22.07-57.29) and the prevalence of lack of reporting MEs was 48.60% (95%CI: 27.33-69.86). There were no relationships between the prevalence of MEs and lack of reporting MEs in nursing students with the sample size and the mean age of students. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the relatively high prevalence of MEs and lack of MEs reporting among nursing students and the importance of their effect on the level of patients' safety, measures such as educations, monitoring by clinical trainers, and examining and eliminating the causes of MEs are essential.

Epidemiology of the Incidence and Mortality of Pancreas Cancer and its Relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI) in the World: An Ecological Study in 2018.

OBJECTIVE: Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in developed countries and a lethal malignant neoplasm worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality and its relationship with HDI. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that is based on cancer incidence data and cancer mortality rates derived from the GLOBOCAN in 2018. The incidence and mortality rates of Pancreas as well as Pancreas cancer distribution maps were derived for world countries. The data analysis was conducted using a correlation test, and regression tests were used to evaluate the correlation of the incidence and mortality of Pancreas with HDI. The statistical analysis was carried out by Stata-14, and a significance level of 0.05 was considered. RESULTS: The highest incidence of pancreatic cancer was reported in Asia with 214499 (46.7%) cases and the lowest incidence was related to Oceania with 4529 cases (0.99%). The results showed a positive and significant correlation between incidence (r = 0.764, P <0.0001) and mortality (r = 0.771, P <0.0001) of pancreatic cancer and the HDI index. The results of ANOVA revealed that the highest mean incidence was related to the very high HDI (P <0.0001) and the highest mortality was connected to the very high human development (P <0.0001). The results exhibited that incidence was positively and significantly correlated with GNI (r = 0.497, P <0.0001), MYS (r = 0.746, P <0.0001), LEB (r = 0.676, <0.0001) and EYS (r = 0.738, P <0.0001). Also, a significant positive correlation was found between mortality and GNI (r = 0.507, P <0.0001), MYS (r = 0.745, P <0.0001), LEB (r = 0.679, <0.0001), and EYS (r = 0.748, P <0.0001). CONCLUSION: Given the higher incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer in countries with HDI, it is necessary to pay a greater attention to risk factors and appropriate planning to reduce these factors and minimize the impact and mortality rate of this disease.

Quality of life and its effective factors in tuberculosis patients receiving directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS).

BACKGROUND: Quality of life in patients affected with chronic diseases has developed into a therapeutic objective as the best tool to evaluate response to treatment and medical care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate quality of life and its related factors in tuberculosis patients receiving directly observed treatment short-course in Iran. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional research with a descriptive-analytic design. Sample size included 71 patients affected with tuberculosis based on census method; so that, at the time of the study, all the tuberculosis patients were recruited in this research. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire comprised of two parts including demographic characteristics information and standard 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). The data were also analyzed using SPSS Statistics along with descriptive and analytic statistics and independent t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Chi-square test. RESULTS: The lowest mean score was 63.58 ± 10.16 and 62.82 ± 15.2 related to limited physical activity following mental problems and social functioning, respectively. Furthermore, the findings of the independent t-test demonstrated that the mean scores of quality of life among men and women, those with pulmonic and non-pulmonic tuberculosis, patient's place of residence and the stage of treatment were statistically and significantly different. CONCLUSION: According to the above results, tuberculosis and its treatment have impact on the social function, mental, and emotional aspects of the quality of life of patients, Attention to and monitoring of the quality of life as a follow up of the treatment and care intervention in these patients is necessary.

The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy and drug therapy on quality of life and symptoms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Psychotherapy and drug therapy are considered useful in quality of life (QOL) and symptoms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) associated with drug therapy in comparison to drug therapy alone on the QOL and symptoms of IBS patients with diarrhea predominance. This study was a randomized clinical trial on 64 IBS patients. The patients were selected according to Rome III criteria and were assigned into two groups. Bowel symptom severity and frequency scale and QOL-IBS were used to investigate the patients' symptoms. The first group underwent CBT with medication therapy, and the second group received only medication. Data were analyzed using analysis of multiple covariance. The two groups showed a significant difference in the QOL-IBS in posttreatment and follow-up stages (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the severity and frequency of IBS symptoms between the two groups after the intervention (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed at follow-up stage between the two groups (P > 0.05). CBT accompanied by drug therapy can be useful for IBS patients with diarrhea predominance. However, discontinuing this treatment may lead to recurrence of the symptoms.

The effect of an exercise program on the health-quality of life in older adults. A randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: An essential public health goal is to reduce age-related disabilities in the elderly. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise program on-health-quality of life (HQL) in older adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subjects were sixty healthy adult volunteers over the age of 55 years. None of the subjects had any experience in exercise programs but were physically active and able to perform activities of daily living independently. The subjects were randomly assigned into one of two groups each with 30 people: test (exercise) group and control (no exercise) group. The test group was taken into a 12-week aerobic exercise program. The exercises included a 5-10 minute circulatory warm-up, a 15 minute walking and a 5-10 minute stretching/cool-down period. The exercises were performed three times per week under supervision of an experienced instructor. No exercise program was prescribed for the control group. Both groups were assessed before and after the exercise program. The LEIPAD questionnaire was used to measure HQL. RESULTS: The results showed significant improvements in all domains of the LEIPAD questionnaire whilst the level of HQL did not change and none of the scores obtained by the LEIPAD were significant. Measures of HQL improved with exercise so that there were no HQL changes in the control but significant changes were observed in the exercise group. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that an exercise program has resulted in a significant improvement in HQL in older adults.

Effect of booklet and combined method on parents' awareness of children with beta-thalassemia major disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of booklet and combining methods (lecture, video, etc.) on parents' awareness of children with beta-thalassemia major disorder. METHODS: Two groups of parents (n=30 each) of children with thalassemia were selected randomly. Among educational programmes, in one group booklet and in the other group combined method were used. A questionnaire was designed to gather information about the disease from parents of the two groups. The data were analysed using student's t-test and Pearson's correlation, significance was considered at p < 0.05. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean age, gender, level of education, job, number of affected children, and age of the child. However, in both methods of education (lecture and combined), knowledge of parents about the disease significantly increased (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The education whether through booklet or combined method has a significant positive effect on increasing knowledge of the investigated groups. It is recommended that increased knowledge levels of parents can decrease the burden of beta-thalassemia.

The impact of problem-based learning and lecturing on the behavior and attitudes of Iranian nursing students. A randomised controlled trial.

The present study aimed to compare the effect of education through problem-based learning (PBL) or lectures on behavior, attitude and learning of nursing students. A total of 40 second-year nursing students participated: 20 students in the PBL group and 20 students in the traditional lecture (control) group. The students underwent a one-semester course using the two methods of education. The level of knowledge in the PBL group was significantly higher than that of students in the lecture group. In addition, a significant difference was found between the PBL and lecture groups in the level of attitude toward learning. The present study suggests a significant difference between PBL and traditional lecture groups with a more positive learning attitude and higher learning motivation in the PBL group (NCT00747188).