ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of detecting the zygomaticofacial foramen (ZFF) in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study evaluated ZFFs in 151 macerated skulls (302 zygomatic bones, ZBs) by physical inspection, in which the presence and diameters of the ZFFs were determined. These data were compared with the CBCT images of the skulls to determine the accuracy of CBCT in detecting ZFFs. The diameters were measured by insertion of steel wires with known thicknesses into the ZFFs. The CBCT images were acquired by an i-CAT Classic® (International Imaging Sciences, Hatfield, PA) connected to a workstation (Model ITOX Midtower Workstation; Imaging Sciences International®) with a 20-inch Eizo monitor. The images were generated in coronal, sagittal and axial slices to evaluate the best tomographic plane for ZFF visualization. RESULTS: The incidence of ZFF found by physical inspection was one foramen in 44% of ZBs (n = 133), two foramina in 28% (n = 86), three foramina in 8% (n = 24) and four foramina in 1% (n = 2). ZFF was absent in 19% (n = 57) of ZBs. The average diameter was 0.57 mm (± 0.27 mm). All foramina were observed in all tomography images. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study supports the conclusion that a CBCT scan has excellent accuracy in evaluating ZFFs.
Subject(s)
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Face/diagnostic imaging , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Nodular leukoplakia is a non-homogeneous type of oral leukoplakia presenting a white surface with verrucous, nodular, ulcerated or erythematous features with a greater risk of malignant transformation when compared to the homogeneous type. Common sites of involvement include lip commissures, buccal mucosa and soft palate. It is often associated with epithelial dysplasia or carcinoma and requires detailed microscopic assessment and regular follow-up. The importance of a proper selection of the area to be biopsied and the close teamwork between a dentist and oral pathologist is the basis of providing an accurate final diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
Sturge-Weber syndrome is a nonhereditary congenital condition characterized by leptomeningeal and facial skin angiomatous malformation following the trigeminal nerve path. The intraoral angiomatosis are presented in 40% of cases and results in an important periodontal alteration, increasing the risk of bleeding during dental procedures. A 43-year-old male patient presented with port wine stain on the right side of the face, the entire hard and soft palates, the alveolar ridge, and buccal mucosa, and had an excessive accumulation of calcified masses in both supragingival and subgingival sites, with swelling and generalized inflammation throughout the gingiva and alveolar mucosa. He reported not having sanitized the area for years for fear of bleeding. Periodontal management, to remove calculus and to control gingivitis initiated in the supragingival region and gradually reaching the subgingival region to control oral microbiota, was performed with mild bleeding. The redness of the staining greatly diminished with time and the extreme halitosis of the patient also improved sharply leading to a dramatic improvement in quality of life. Ambulatory care is a feasible alternative for periodontal management that within safety limits for bleeding risks reduces the operational cost.
Subject(s)
Ambulatory Care , Periodontal Diseases/etiology , Periodontal Diseases/therapy , Sturge-Weber Syndrome/complications , Adult , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
O aumento da procura pela reabilitação de rebordos desdentados com cirurgias reconstrutivas e implantes osseointegráveis, faz com que se torne necessário um estudo mais detalhado das características anatômicas dos ossos maxilares e suas possíveis variações. Neste contexto, a fixação zigomática é uma alternativa aos enxertos ósseos para a reabilitação de rebordos maxilares atróficos, onde altura e largura da crista óssea insuficientes impedem a instalação de implantes convencionais. As variações da anatomia do osso zigomático indicam a necessidade de um planejamento tridimensional. O exame por tomografia computadorizada de feixe-cônico (TCFC) se mostra adequado para exame das estruturas ósseas maxilofaciais e ainda apresenta vantagens como baixo custo e menor dose de radiação quando comparada à tomografia computadorizada helicoidal. Este estudo, composto de duas amostras independentes, se propôs a avaliar aspectos relacionados à anatomia do osso zigomático (OZ) e, mais especificamente, o forame zigomático-facial (FZF), em pacientes e em crânios macerados. Em um primeiro momento, foram avaliadas, retrospectivamente, imagens de TCFC de 40 pacientes (80 ossos zigomáticos), obtidas pelo aparelho i-CAT Classic®. Foram observados a presença e número do FZF, quando presente; avaliada a espessura média do OZ e delimitada uma região no osso zigomático a partir de pontos antropométricos Jugale (Ju) e Zigomaxilare (Zm), para dimensionar o local de inserção de implantes zigomáticos, em valores de área e volume. A incidência de um único forame foi observada em 40% dos ossos zigomáticos (n=32), dois forames em 20% (n=16), e três em 3,75% dos OZs (n=3). Em 36,25% dos ossos zigomáticos (n=29), o forame estava ausente. A espessura média do OZ encontrada foi de 10,3mm, variando de 5,45mm a 16,8mm. A área e volume médios para instalação de implantes zigomáticos foi de 147,93mm2 e 1102,9 mm3, respectivamente. Em um segundo momento, foram estudados 151 crânios macerados...
The increased demand for rehabilitation of edentulous ridges with reconstructive surgery and dental implants, does it become necessary a more detailed study of the anatomical features of the jaws and their possible variations. In this context, the zygomatic implants are an alternative to bone grafting in the rehabilitation of atrophic maxillary ridges, where insufficient height and width of the bony crest prevent the installation of conventional implants. The variation in the anatomy of the zygomatic bone indicates the need for a three-dimensional planning system. Examination by cone-beam computed tomography scan is more appropriate for a thorough examination of the maxilofacial structures and has advantages as low cost and less radiation dose compared with convencional computed tomography. This study, composed of two independent samples, aimed to evaluate aspects related to the anatomy of the zygomatic bone and more specifically, the zygomatic-facial foramen in patients and in macerated skulls. At first, were evaluated, retrospectively, the CBCT images of 40 patients (80 zygomatic bones), obtained by the apparatus i-CAT Classic®. Were observed the presence and number of ZFF, when present, evaluated the average thickness of ZB and mapped an area on the zygomatic bone from anthropometric points Jugale and Zigomaxilare to scale the approximate area of insertion of zygomatic implants, in area values and volume. The incidence of a single foramen was found in 40% of zygomatic bone (n = 32), two foramen in 20% (n = 16) and three at 3.75% ZB (n = 3). In 36.25% of the zygomatic bone (n = 29), the foramen was absent. The average thickness of ZB was found to be 10.3 mm, ranging from 5.45 mm to 16.8 mm. The average area and volume for installation of zygomatic implants was 147.93 mm2 mm3 and 1102.9, respectively. In a second step, were studied 151 macerated skulls, totaling 302 zygomatic bones regarding to the presence and number...
