Novel bio-fertilizer based on nitrogen-fixing bacterium immobilized in a hydrotalcite/alginate composite material.

The bacterium Streptomyces sp. is a common genus of the actinomycetes class found in soils and rhizospheres. This bacterium can produce substances with bio-stimulant capacity through the fixation of nitrogen from the air. In this work, the Streptomyces sp. bacterium was immobilized on a ZnMgAl-hydrotalcite clay and embedded in calcium alginate beads to generate a novel bio-composite that functions as a bacterial reservoir and as a controlled release material for bacteria to be used as a bio-fertilizer.The results showed that the novel bacterium-hydrotalcite/alginate bio-composite was very efficient as a bio-fertilizer showing a plant length of 64 mm in only 14 days of growing, which corresponds to an increase of ca. 760% in the lettuce plant growth in comparison with the materials without bacteria. In short, the present results demonstrate that the hydrotalcite and alginate served as an excellent container to keep the bacteria alive, providing nutrients to them and controlling their delivery.

Culturable Facultative Methylotrophic Bacteria from the Cactus Neobuxbaumia macrocephala Possess the Locus xoxF and Consume Methanol in the Presence of Ce3+ and Ca2.

Methanol-consuming culturable bacteria were isolated from the plant surface, rhizosphere, and inside the stem of Neobuxbaumia macrocephala. All 38 isolates were facultative methylotrophic microorganisms. Their classification included the Classes Actinobacteria, Sphingobacteriia, Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria. The deduced amino acid sequences of methanol dehydrogenase obtained by PCR belonging to Actinobacteria, Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria showed high similarity to rare-earth element (REE)-dependent XoxF methanol dehydrogenases, particularly the group XoxF5. The sequences included Asp301, the REE-coordinating amino acid, present in all known XoxF dehydrogenases and absent in MxaF methanol dehydrogenases. The quantity of the isolates showed positive hybridization with a xoxF probe, but not with a mxaF probe. Isolates of all taxonomic groups showed methylotrophic growth in the presence of Ce3+ or Ca2+. The presence of xoxF-like sequences in methylotrophic bacteria from N. macrocephala and its potential relationship with their adaptability to xerophytic plants are discussed.