[A versatile phantom for hemodynamic measurements with ultrasound Doppler equipment]. / Ein vielseitiges Phantom für hämodynamische Messungen mit Ultraschall-Doppler-Geräten.

The test object described comprises a blood simulating liquid pumped through tubes embedded in tissue-mimicking material. The main components of the system can be realised in different ways. They are largely exchangeable with each other. Water, reticulated foam or silicone rubber is used as bulk background material, blood vessels are simulated using latex or silicone tubes or heat-shrink sleeving; in the artificial blood, sephadex particles or silicone emulsion were used as scatterers. The suspension of scattering particles is driven by a roller pump or a membrane dosage pump. The features of the components are described and the applications of the different phantoms discussed.

[Phantom measurements of blood flow using color-coded Doppler sonography (Quantum Angiodynograph): accuracy and sources of error]. / Phantommessung des Blutflusses mit der farbkodierten Doppler-Sonographie (Quantum Angiodynograph): Genauigkeit und Fehlerquellen.

Flow measurements were carried out on a phantom simulating tissue, using systematic variations of various parameters and of relevant geometric factors. The effect of imaging and flow parameters on the accuracy of the measurements is described and the conditions are defined which are necessary for obtaining a high degree of accuracy. Large errors are introduced by measurements carried out with large Doppler angles or if the delimiters used for automatic vessel measurements have not been set up accurately.