Transmisión del virus del dengue y su relación con factores climáticos durante los períodos intra e interepidémicos en Santo Domingo, República Dominican / Dengue Virus Transmission and its Relationship with Climatic Factors During Intra and Interepidemic Periodsin Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Introducción: Aedes spp. y la dinámica del virus del dengue está altamente influenciada por factores ambientales. Una relación detallada entre el clima y la enfermedad en los períodos inter e intra-epidémicos podrían beneficiar la vigilancia del dengue para optimizar la preparación y las políticas adecuadas de control de vectores. Métodos: se analizaron los informes de casos de dengue y las variables climáticas en Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, para determinar la correlación del período 2012- 2018 y los diferentes tiempos de retraso. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de regresión de dichas variables para comprender mejor las relaciones entre las tasas de incidencia del dengue y los cambios climáticos. Resultados: durante los brotes epidémicos, la temperatura (r = 0.73, p <0.001) y la humedad relativa (r = -0.2, p = 0.009) se correlacionan significativamente con la incidencia del dengue con un retraso de 9 semanas, el análisis de regresión muestra que la temperatura media (b = 62.401, p < 0.001), precipitación (b = 2.810, p <0.001) y humedad relativa (b = -5.462, p = 0.025) fueron predictores significativos. Durante los períodos inter-epidémico, la temperatura (r = 0.23, p <0.001) tuvo una correlación significativa con la incidencia del dengue con un retraso de 7 semanas, la humedad relativa (b = 1.454, p <0.05) y la temperatura media (b = 5.14, p <0.01) son predictores significativos de la cantidad de casos de dengue. La precipitación no se correlacionó significativamente con la incidencia del dengue. Conclusiones: existe una relación no lineal entre los factores climáticos y la incidencia del dengue. La infección por dengue depende del clima, y la temperatura parece jugar un papel importante en los factores climáticos.

Introduction: Aedes spp. and Dengue Virus dynamics are highly influenced by environmental factors. A detailed relationship between climate and disease in inter and intra-epidemic periods may benefit dengue surveillance, preparedness, and adequate vector control policies. Methods: Dengue case reports and climatic variables in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, were analyzed for climate variables correlation from the period 2012-2018 and varying lag times. Regression analysis of climatic variables was carried out to better understand significant correlations between dengue incidence rates and changes in climate. Results: During epidemic outbreaks, temperature (r = 0.73, p < 0.001) and relative humidity (r = -0.22, p = 0.009) demonstrated a significant correlation with dengue incidence. Our regression analysis demonstrates an increase 62.4 cases for each degree Celsius increased with a 9-week-lag. Regression analysis also demonstrated mean temperature (b= 62.401, p < 0.001), precipitation (b = 2.810, p < 0.001), and relative humidity (b = -5.462, p = 0.025) to be significant predictors. During inter-epidemic periods, temperature (r = 0.23, p < 0.001) had a significant correlation with dengue incidence with a 7-week-lag, which demonstrates that relative humidity (b = 1.454, p < 0.05), and mean temperature (b = 5.14, p < 0.01) are significant predictors of the quantity of dengue cases. Precipitation did not significantly correlate with dengue incidence. Conclusions: A non-linear relationship between climatic factors and dengue incidence exists in the Dominican Republic. Dengue infection is climate-dependent and temperature seems to play a significant role in climatic factors

A technique to measure fuel oil viscosity in a fuel power plant.

The viscosity measurement and control of fuel oil in power plants is very important for a proper combustion. However, the conventional viscometers are only reliable for a short period of time. This paper proposes an on-line analytic viscosity evaluation based on energy balance applied to a piece of tube entering the fuel oil main heater and a new control strategy for temperature control. This analytic evaluation utilizes a set of temperature versus viscosity graphs were defined during years of analysis of fuel oil in Mexican power plants. Also the temperature set-point for the fuel oil main heater output is obtained by interpolating in the corresponding graph. Validation tests of the proposed analytic equations were carried out in the Tuxpan power plant in Veracruz, Mexico.

Sensitive and robust method for anabolic agents in human urine by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.

A rapid, sensitive and robust gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of seven anabolic agents in human urine. The selection of analytes includes the main metabolites of all anabolics with higher sensitivity requirements. After optimizing the fragmentation conditions for each compound, a validation procedure for qualitative analysis was performed. The selectivity of the method showed that no interfering peaks were observed at the retention time of the compound. Adequate intermediate precision, below 14%, was observed for all of the compounds at the lower concentration tested. The concentrations assayed were in accordance with the performance limits required by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Unlike a previously published GC/QqQ method, detection of 17α-methyl-5ß-androstane-3α,17ß-diol (the main metabolites of methyltestosterone) at 2 ng/mL was accomplished under routine conditions. The qualitative method was applied to the analysis of 1367 samples in the span of 2 weeks, as part of the doping control of the XVI Pan American Games which took place in Mexico (14th-30th October, 2011). The high sensitivity was maintained during the analysis of all analytical batches, proving for the first time the excellent ruggedness of GC/QqQ methods.

A PDE model of a waterwalls steam generation process.

This paper describes a model of a forced circulation waterwalls steam generator, derived from first principles. The distributed parameter criteria were applied to the heat transfer process and to the steam production inside the waterwalls. The model is capable of representing swell and shrink effects as well as the condensation-vaporization phenomena that take place inside the waterwall tubes, when large drum steam pressure variations are introduced. The swell and shrink effects are responsible for water displacement from the waterwalls to the drum and from the drum to the waterwalls. Open loop simulated test were produced with the steam pressure disturbance. Closed loop tests, including the models of the drum level and the combustion system and their control systems are presented.

Revascularización miocárdica arterial completa con ambas arterias mamarias sin circulación extracorpórea / Off-Pump total arterial revascularization with both internal thoracic arteries without extracorporeal circulation

Introducción. Tector ha descrito la técnica de revascularización arterial completa usando múltiples anastomosis con ambas arterias mamarias internas. Para reducir la morbimortalidad quirúrgica nos hemos propuesto realizar esta técnica sin circulación extracorpórea. Pacientes y métodos. Desde abril de 1998 hemos realizado revascularización 'tipo Tector' sin circulación extracorpórea en 92 pacientes, 74 varones (80 por ciento) y 18 mujeres (20 por ciento), con una edad media de 64,9 ñ 8,1 años (rango, 42-78). La angiografía preoperativa puso de manifiesto que diecinueve (20,5 por ciento) pacientes tenían lesión significativa de tronco común y 58 (63 por ciento) triple vaso. Cuarenta pacientes (43,5 por ciento) presentaban angina inestable, 24 (26 por ciento) enfermedad vascular periférica significativa y 26 (28 por ciento) diabetes. Ambas mamarias fueron disecadas sin pedículo, y anastomosadas como injerto en 'Y' o 'T'. La permeabilidad de las anastomosis se evaluó con Doppler intraoperatorio en 24 (26 por ciento) pacientes mediante estudio angiográfico. Resultados. Se han realizado 274 anastomosis distales, 122 (45 por ciento) en la cara lateral y/o inferior del corazón y 69 (25 por ciento) de tipo secuencial, con una media de 2,98 bypass por paciente. En el 59,8 por ciento de los pacientes se realizó bypass triple, en el 22 por ciento bypass doble, en el 17 por ciento bypass cuádruple, y en un paciente bypass quíntuple. El 64,9 por ciento de los pacientes fue extubado en las primeras 6 h. Sólo un paciente (1,1 por ciento) precisó balón intraaórtico, y 3 (3,2 por ciento) inotrópicos durante el período postoperatorio. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue de 3 (3,2 por ciento) pacientes. Un paciente (1,1 por ciento) fue reoperado por sangrado, y el 78,3 por ciento no se transfundieron. Tres pacientes (3,2 por ciento) sufrieron mediastinitis. No se presentaron eventos neurológicos. Tras 7,77 ñ 2,8 meses de seguimiento, todos los pacientes se encuentran asintomáticos y la tasa de permeabilidad global es del 94 por ciento. Conclusiones. Esta técnica posibilita una revascularización arterial completa y una reducción en la morbimortalidad quirúrgica (AU)