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1.
World J Gastroenterol ; 28(33): 4875-4889, 2022 Sep 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36156932

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Achalasia is a rare benign esophageal motor disorder characterized by incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The treatment of achalasia is not curative, but rather is aimed at reducing LES pressure. In patients who have failed noninvasive therapy, surgery should be considered. Myotomy with partial fundoplication has been considered the first-line treatment for non-advanced achalasia. Recently, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), a technique that employs the principles of submucosal endoscopy to perform the equivalent of a surgical myotomy, has emerged as a promising minimally invasive technique for the management of this condition. AIM: To compare POEM and laparoscopic myotomy and partial fundoplication (LM-PF) regarding their efficacy and outcomes for the treatment of achalasia. METHODS: Forty treatment-naive adult patients who had been diagnosed with achalasia based on clinical and manometric criteria (dysphagia score ≥ II and Eckardt score > 3) were randomized to undergo either LM-PF or POEM. The outcome measures were anesthesia time, procedure time, symptom improvement, reflux esophagitis (as determined with the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire), barium column height at 1 and 5 min (on a barium esophagogram), pressure at the LES, the occurrence of adverse events (AEs), length of stay (LOS), and quality of life (QoL). RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the LM-PF and POEM groups regarding symptom improvement at 1, 6, and 12 mo of follow-up (P = 0.192, P = 0.242, and P = 0.242, respectively). However, the rates of reflux esophagitis at 1, 6, and 12 mo of follow-up were significantly higher in the POEM group (P = 0.014, P < 0.001, and P = 0.002, respectively). There were also no statistical differences regarding the manometry values, the occurrence of AEs, or LOS. Anesthesia time and procedure time were significantly shorter in the POEM group than in the LM-PF group (185.00 ± 56.89 and 95.70 ± 30.47 min vs 296.75 ± 56.13 and 218.75 ± 50.88 min, respectively; P = 0.001 for both). In the POEM group, there were improvements in all domains of the QoL questionnaire, whereas there were improvements in only three domains in the LM-PF group. CONCLUSION: POEM and LM-PF appear to be equally effective in controlling the symptoms of achalasia, shortening LOS, and minimizing AEs. Nevertheless, POEM has the advantage of improving all domains of QoL, and shortening anesthesia and procedure times but with a significantly higher rate of gastroesophageal reflux.


Subject(s)
Esophageal Achalasia , Esophagitis, Peptic , Gastroesophageal Reflux , Laparoscopy , Myotomy , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery , Adult , Barium , Esophageal Achalasia/diagnosis , Esophageal Achalasia/etiology , Esophageal Achalasia/surgery , Esophageal Sphincter, Lower/surgery , Esophagitis, Peptic/etiology , Esophagoscopy/adverse effects , Esophagoscopy/methods , Fundoplication/adverse effects , Fundoplication/methods , Gastroesophageal Reflux/etiology , Humans , Laparoscopy/adverse effects , Laparoscopy/methods , Myotomy/adverse effects , Myotomy/methods , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery/adverse effects , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Quality of Life , Treatment Outcome
2.
World J Gastrointest Endosc ; 11(12): 573-588, 2019 Dec 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31839876

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Propofol is commonly used for sedation during endoscopic procedures. Data suggests its superiority to traditional sedatives used in endoscopy including benzodiazepines and opioids with more rapid onset of action and improved post-procedure recovery times for patients. However, Propofol requires administration by trained healthcare providers, has a narrow therapeutic index, lacks an antidote and increases risks of cardio-pulmonary complications. AIM: To compare, through a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis, sedation with propofol to traditional sedatives with or without propofol during endoscopic procedures. METHODS: A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, LILACS, BVS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases. The last search in the literature was performed on March, 2019 with no restriction regarding the idiom or the year of publication. Only randomized clinical trials with full texts published were included. We divided sedation therapies to the following groups: (1) Propofol versus benzodiazepines and/or opiate sedatives; (2) Propofol versus Propofol with benzodiazepine and/or opioids; and (3) Propofol with adjunctive benzodiazepine and opioid versus benzodiazepine and opioid. The following outcomes were addressed: Adverse events, patient satisfaction with type of sedation, endoscopists satisfaction with sedation administered, dose of propofol administered and time to recovery post procedure. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5 software version 5.39. RESULTS: A total of 23 clinical trials were included (n = 3854) from the initial search of 6410 articles. For Group I (Propofol vs benzodiazepine and/or opioids): The incidence of bradycardia was not statistically different between both sedation arms (RD: -0.01, 95%CI: -0.03-+0.01, I 2: 22%). In 10 studies, the incidence of hypotension was not statistically difference between sedation arms (RD: 0.01, 95%CI: -0.02-+0.04, I 2: 0%). Oxygen desaturation was higher in the propofol group but not statistically different between groups (RD: -0.03, 95%CI: -0.06-+0.00, I 2: 25%). Patients were more satisfied with their sedation in the benzodiazepine + opioid group compared to those with monotherapy propofol sedation (MD: +0.89, 95%CI: +0.62-+1.17, I 2: 39%). The recovery time after the procedure showed high heterogeneity even after outlier withdrawal, there was no statistical difference between both arms (MD: -15.15, 95%CI: -31.85-+1.56, I 2: 99%). For Group II (Propofol vs propofol with benzodiazepine and/or opioids): Bradycardia had a tendency to occur in the Propofol group with benzodiazepine and/or opioid-associated (RD: -0.08, 95%CI: -0.13--0.02, I 2: 59%). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of bradycardia (RD: -0.00, 95%CI: -0.08-+0.08, I 2: 85%), desaturation (RD: -0.00, 95%CI: -0.03-+0.02, I 2: 44%) or recovery time (MD: -2.04, 95%CI: -6.96-+2.88, I 2: 97%) between sedation arms. The total dose of propofol was higher in the propofol group with benzodiazepine and/or opiates but with high heterogeneity. (MD: 70.36, 95%CI: +53.11-+87.60, I 2: 61%). For Group III (Propofol with benzodiazepine and opioid vs benzodiazepine and opioid): Bradycardia and hypotension was not statistically significant between groups (RD: -0.00, 95%CI: -0.002-+0.02, I 2: 3%; RD: 0.04, 95%CI: -0.05-+0.13, I 2: 77%). Desaturation was evaluated in two articles and was higher in the propofol + benzodiazepine + opioid group, but with high heterogeneity (RD: 0.15, 95%CI: 0.08-+0.22, I 2: 95%). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that the use of propofol alone or in combination with traditional adjunctive sedatives is safe and does not result in an increase in negative outcomes in patients undergoing endoscopic procedures.

3.
Pancreas ; 47(4): 444-453, 2018 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29517637

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis, in comparison with conservative treatment. METHODS: Systematic review via databases (MEDLINE [PubMed], Latin-American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database, Embase, Cochrane Central, and the [Brazilian] Regional Library of Medicine) is conducted. We analyzed 10 randomized controlled trials (1091 patients). Outcomes were the following: local and systemic adverse events; acute cholangitis; death; length of hospital stay; cost; abdominal pain; and time to a reduction in body temperature. For the meta-analysis, we used risk difference (RD) and mean with standard deviation as measures of variability. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the patients submitted to ERCP in terms of the following: local adverse events (RD, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.99), time to pain relief and time to a reduction in axillary temperature (RD, -5.01; 95% CI, -6.98 to -3.04, and RD, -1.70; 95 CI%, -2.33 to -1.08, respectively). Patients undergoing ERCP spent less time in hospital (RD, -11.04; 95% CI, -15.15 to -6.93). Cost was lower in the group treated with ERCP. CONCLUSIONS: Early ERCP decreases local adverse events, shortening the time to pain relief, to a reduction in axillary temperature, hospital stays, and cost in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis.


Subject(s)
Biliary Tract Diseases/surgery , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde/methods , Conservative Treatment/methods , Pancreatitis/surgery , Acute Disease , Biliary Tract Diseases/complications , Humans , Length of Stay , Pancreatitis/complications , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
4.
GED gastroenterol. endosc. dig ; 36(2): 65-67, Abr.-Jun. 2017. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-876757

ABSTRACT

A Pileflebite é uma rara e grave complicação de diversas infecções intra-abdominais e pélvicas. Inicia-se através de uma tromboflebite de pequenos vasos que drenam uma área infectada e tem, como principais manifestações, a dor abdominal e a febre. É descrito caso de trombose séptica de veia porta em uma paciente do sexo feminino, 70 anos, hipertensa, obesa, portadora de neoplasia maligna de uretra e tabagista, que apresentou episódio de diverticulite aguda complicada com pileflebite. Tratamento realizado com antibioticoterapia e anticoagulação.


The pylephlebitis is a rare and serious complication of various abdominal and pelvic infections. It begins with thrombophlebitis of small vessels that drain an infected area, and has abdominal pain and fever as main manifestations. It describe the case of portal vein septic thrombosis in a female patient, 70 years, smoker, suffering from systemic hypertension, obesity and malignant neoplasm of urethra, who had an episode of acute diverticulitis complicated by pylephlebitis. Treatment instituted with antibiotics and anticoagulation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Portal Vein , Thrombophlebitis , Diverticulitis, Colonic , Intraabdominal Infections/complications
5.
GED gastroenterol. endosc. dig ; 36(1): 34-38, jan.-mar. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-833546

ABSTRACT

Pneumatose intestinal (PI) consiste em um achado de imagem correspondente à presença de ar na parede intestinal. É um sinal infrequente, mais comum em idosos e sem predileção por sexo. Existem várias causas relatadas na literatura, sendo alguns casos reportados como idiopáticos. A modalidade diagnóstica de maior sensibilidade é a tomografia computadorizada de abdome. A maioria dos casos é assintomática, porém, uma pequena parcela pode evoluir com complicações graves, necessitando de intervenções imediatas. A inexistência de um consenso a respeito do manejo dos pacientes com PI, somada ao pouco conhecimento dos médicos acerca dessa enfermidade, resulta em um cenário clínico delicado. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar o caso de um paciente com PI, destacando o manejo terapêutico adotado.


Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) consists in an image finding corresponding to the presence of air in the intestinal wall. It is an infrequent sign, more common in the elderly and without gender predilection. There are numerous causes described in the literature, and some cases are referred as idiopathic. The diagnostic modality with the highest sensibility is the computed tomography of the abdomen. The majority of cases are asymptomatic, but a small portion can evolve with severe complications, needing immediate interventions. The lack of a consensus regarding PI patients' management, along with the low knowledge level of physicians about the existence of this disorder, results in a delicate clinical scenario. The objective of this article is to report the case of a patient with PI, highlighting the adopted therapeutic management.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged, 80 and over , Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis , Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis/diagnostic imaging , Gastrointestinal Tract
7.
GED gastroenterol. endosc. dig ; 34(4): 173-176, out.-dez. 2015. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-783147

ABSTRACT

Síndrome LPAC (Low Phospholipid-Associated Cholelithiasis) é uma enfermidade rara, que cursa com manifestações clínicas recorrentes relacionadas à litíase biliar, mesmo após colecistectomia em indivíduos jovens habitualmente com início dos sintomas antes dos 40 anos. Mutações no gene ABCB4 geram baixa concentração de fosfolipídios na secreção biliar, o que favorece a formação de cálculos de colesterol. Seu diagnóstico é estabelecido por critérios clínicos e o tratamento é fundamentado no uso do ácido ursodesoxicólico (UDCA). O objetivo deste artigo é relatar o caso de um paciente com síndrome LPAC.


Achalasia is an uncommon disorder that affects about LPAC syndrome (Low phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis) is a rare illness that leads to recurrent clinical manifestations related to gallstones, even after cholecystectomy in young individuals, usually with onset of symptoms before age 40. Mutations in the gene ABCB4 generate low concentration of phospholipids in bile secretion, which promotes the formation of cholesterol calculations. The diagnosis is established by clinical criteria and treatment is based on the use of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The objective of this paper is to report the case of a patient with LPAC syndrome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Bile Ducts , Lithiasis , Syndrome , Ursodeoxycholic Acid , Cholelithiasis
8.
Arq Gastroenterol ; 51(1): 73-6, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24760069

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor therapy plays a pivotal role in the management of moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease. Because of the role of TNF-α in the host defenses, anti-TNF therapy has been associated with an increase the risks of granulomatous infections. OBJECTIVE: To report the first case of adalimumab-associated invasive histoplasmosis presenting as an acute hepatitis-like syndrome and febrile pneumonitis in a patient with Crohn's disease. METHOD: Case report of a patient with progressive histoplasmosis confirmed by percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy lung and urine Histoplasma antigen. RESULTS: We present the case of a young man with CD who developed pneumonia and acute hepatitis-like features caused by Histoplasma capsulatum infection during adalimumab therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this acute hepatitis-like manifestation has never been reported as a presentation of the histoplasmosis in patients with Crohn's disease. CONCLUSIONS: This case underscores the potential risk for serious infection that may arise in this setting and should alert clinicians to the need to consider the histoplasmosis diagnosis in patients presenting with acute hepatitis-like syndrome associated with prolonged febrile illness or pneumonitis during therapy with anti-TNF-α antibodies.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects , Hepatitis/etiology , Histoplasmosis/chemically induced , Pneumonia/chemically induced , Acute Disease , Adalimumab , Adult , Crohn Disease/drug therapy , Humans , Male
9.
HU rev ; 39(1/2): xx-xx, jan.-jun. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1923

ABSTRACT

Vários estudos mundiais mostram que estudantes de medicina têm adotado um estilo de vida pouco saudável, apesar dos conhecimentos adquiridos durante a graduação. Em nosso estudo utilizamos questionário da National College Health Risk Behavior Survey ­ Estados Unidos da América, 1995, validado, desenvolvido pelo Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Aplicamos os questionários em quatro turmas totalizando amostra de 324 estudantes (estudo observacional transversal). 9% dos acadêmicos já pensaram em suicídio; 96% já experimentaram bebida alcoólica; 25% já experimentaram droga ilícita, sendo 64% antes de ingressar na faculdade; 21% não usaram ou usaram raramente preservativo no último mês; 51% consideraram que sua alimentação piorou após ingresso na faculdade; 43% não realizaram qualquer atividade física no último mês. Assim, são necessárias medidas de intervenção no transcorrer da graduação que melhorem substancialmente a compreensão das boas práticas de saúde.


Subject(s)
Students, Medical , Life Style , Suicide , Attitude to Health , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
10.
HU rev ; 38(1/2): 83-90, jan.-mar. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-2024

ABSTRACT

O transplante de órgãos é um tema polêmico e que desperta interesse e discussões. Estudantes de medicina devem conhecer a necessidade e a importância da doação de órgãos e tecidos, além de serem responsáveis pelo cuidado e orientação da população sobre medidas relacionadas à saúde. Realizamos estudo transversal com 364 estudantes de medicina da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 57,1% auto-referiram ter conhecimento insatisfatório sobre o tema, 94,2% já obtiveram informações sobre transplantes, em sua maioria, fornecidas fora do contexto da faculdade e através de veículos de comunicação de massa e 85,4% são doadores de órgãos e tecidos e, destes, 58,5% já manifestaram sua decisão a terceiros. Observamos correlação estatisticamente significativa entre ser do sexo feminino e declarar-se doador de órgãos e tecidos. As principais razões para a não doação foram: ausência de vontade, medo e receio de comercialização dos órgãos. Os acadêmicos de medicina da UFJF reconheceram a importância do tema e demonstraram interesse e atitude positiva. Foi identificada necessidade de intervenções no currículo médico visando uma abordagem direta e organizada desse assunto.


Subject(s)
Students, Medical , Organ Transplantation , Tissue Donors , Tissues , Tissue and Organ Procurement , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Knowledge , Transplants , Ethics
11.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 21(4)out.-dez. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-673883

ABSTRACT

Introdução: a utilização de medicamentos é um processo social, cultural e comportamental, além de movimentar substancialmente a economia mundial. O estudo do uso crônico de fármacos é de grande relevância devido às suas repercussões no estado de saúde do indivíduo e no sistema de saúde, público ou privado. Objetivo: identificar o perfil do usuário de medicamentos crônicos no município de Juiz de Fora-MG. Métodos: entrevistamos 500 habitantes do município de Juiz de Fora-MG, abordando seu perfil de utilização de medicamentos (estudo observacional transversal). Resultados: dos entrevistados, 48,4% declararam ter algum problema de saúde e 57,8% declararam fazer uso crônico de fármacos: 69,9% eram mulheres, 30,1% eram homens, 10% se automedicam. Foi encontrada elevada frequência de uso crônico de medicamentos em maiores de 60 anos (78,5%). O fármaco mais utilizado é o anti-hipertensivo. Conclusão: observou-se uma série de distorções em relação ao consumo de medicamentos: automedicação, deficiências no acompanhamento das morbidades crônicas, equívocos na tomada dos medicamentos, entre outras. Notou-se que o perfil do usuário crônico de medicamentos é ser do sexo feminino, com faixa etária mais elevada, aposentado(a) e viúvo(a).


Introduction: The use of medicine is a social, cultural and behavioral process that also drives the world economy substantially. The study of chronic consumption of medicines is relevant because of its impact on individuals? health state and both public and private health systems.Objective: To describe the profile of chronic medicine users in the Municipality of Juiz de Fora, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods:A number of 500 inhabitants were interviewed in the Municipality of Juiz de Fora to approach their profile of medicine consumption (cross-sectional observational study). Results: A percentage of 48.4 % of interviewees reported health problems, and 57.8 % reported chronic medicine consumption. The interviewees were both women (69.9 %) and men (30.1 %), and 10 % of them used to self-prescribe medication. A high frequency of chronic medicine consumption was found among interviewees older than 60 years (78.5 %). The most commonly used medicines are antihypertensive drugs. Conclusion: A series of misleading practices were found in relation to medicine consumption: self-medication, poor follow-up of chronic morbidities, erroneous medicine intake, among others. The profile of chronic medicine users most commonly comprises women, elderly people, pensioners, and widows/widowers.

12.
HU rev ; 37(4): 463-469, dez. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-661235

ABSTRACT

Estudo transversal com 364 estudantes de medicina da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, com objetivo de conhecer o comportamento e o conhecimento relacionados à prática de doação de sangue. Destes, 36,7% são doadores de sangue. 72,2% manifestaram intenção de doar sangue. Entre os doadores, 45,4% são mulheres e 54,6% são homens. 22,8% são filhos de pais doadores e 49,4% destes já doaram sangue pelo menos uma vez. Observa-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre ser doador e ser do sexo masculino e/ou ser filho(a) de pais doadores. Os principais empecilhos à doação foram: baixo peso (22%), falta de tempo (19,4%), falta de solicitação (14,7%). A atitude e o nível de conhecimento dos acadêmicos foram considerados satisfatórios (>80,0%), porém não aumentou ao longo do curso médico. O exemplo paterno associa-se à atitude do filho na doação. Em se tratando deste grupo amostral (estudantes de medicina), nossos resultados foram semelhantes a outras instituições de ensino quanto aos índices de doação de sangue. Assim, considera-se importante a atuação docente para aprimorar os níveis de informação sobre o tema, dada a função primordial do futuro profissional de saúde no fomento à doação de sangue junto à população, minimizando a dissociação entre oferta e demanda de bolsas de sangue em nossa região.


We undertook a cross-sectional study of 364 students from the Federal University of Juiz de Fora Medical School, in order to understand the behavior and knowledge related to the practice of blood donation. 36.7% were blood donors. 72.2% stated they were willing to donate blood. Among the donors, 45.4% were females and 54.6% were males. 22.8% had parents who were donors, and 49.4% of these had already donated blood at least once. There was a statistically significant correlation between donor status and male sex and/or having a donor parent. The main obstacles to donation were: low weight (22%), lack of time (19.4%), lack of a direct demand (14.7%). The students` knowledge and attitude were considered satisfactory but haven't raised trough the graduation. Paternal example is associated with the students` attitude towards donation. It was identified similar rates of blood donation in our sample in comparison to previous studies with medical students


Subject(s)
Students, Medical , Blood Donors , Blood Banks , Attitude , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Knowledge
13.
HU rev ; 37(3): 305-313, set. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-648175

ABSTRACT

O uso racional de medicamentos é tema bastante discutido atualmente, principalmente envolvendo idosos. Algumas consequências decorrentes destas práticas são: reações adversas, interações medicamentosas, dificuldades no cumprimento da prescrição e gastos excessivos. O objetivo foi verificar a presença da polifarmácia e avaliar fatores associados ao uso de medicamentos em dois Centros de Referência Municipais para atendimento da população idosa de Juiz de Fora/MG. Realizado estudo observacional transversal com 299 idosos (>60 anos) residentes em Juiz de Fora/MG. A idade média dos entrevistados foi 72,7 anos. Hipertensão arterial foi o problema de saúde mais frequente (43,95%; n=218) e os medicamentos mais utilizados foram os cardiovasculares (54,17%). Dentre os pesquisados, 191 (63,88%) referiram práticas de automedicação, à custa de analgésicos (76,69%) e 106 (35,45%) mencionaram a presença de reações adversas. É grande o desconhecimento sobre o tema, o que aumenta os riscos de efeitos adversos relacionados à significativa frequência de práticas de automedicação e polifarmácia na amostra.


Subject(s)
Aged , Drug Utilization , Nonprescription Drugs , Self Medication , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Health Expenditures , Drug Interactions , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Prescriptions
14.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 34(2): 270-277, abr.-jun. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-552934

ABSTRACT

Os profissionais da área de saúde estão expostos a vários tipos de riscos ocupacionais, sendo o de maior impacto o risco biológico, devido ao contato direto com material orgânico potencialmente contaminado. A manutenção da situação vacinal atualizada é uma das ferramentas que devem ser empregadas neste contexto, além da adoção de medidas universais de biossegurança, sendo a educação fundamental neste processo. Avaliamos a situação vacinal e a percepção sobre risco biológico dos discentes da Faculdade de Medicina da UFJF em estudo observacional transversal (n = 136 alunos). Oitenta e nove alunos (65,4 por cento) referiram estar com o cartão vacinal atualizado. Noventa e sete alunos (71,3 por cento) receberam o esquema da hepatite B, e 99 (72,8 por cento) o do tétano. Oitenta e seis 86 alunos (63,2 por cento) declararam ter recebido orientação sobre imunização durante o curso. Setenta e três alunos (53,7 por cento) já foram expostos a material potencialmente contaminado em suas atividades acadêmicas, e 97 deles (71,3 por cento) usam equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) nestas. Identificamos falhas na imunização (hepatite B e tétano), expondo os discentes a riscos desnecessários. A orientação relativa à imunização se mostrou insuficiente. A significativa taxa de exposição a risco biológico e o insatisfatório uso de EPIs verificados demandam maior atenção, a fim de prevenir acidentes.


Health professionals are exposed to various occupational risks, with the greatest impact from biological hazards due to direct contact with potentially contaminated organic materials. Besides adopting universal biosafety measures, adequate immunization coverage must be achieved in this context, with educational initiatives playing a crucial role in the process. This was a cross-sectional observational study of undergraduates (n = 136) at the Medical School of the Federal University in Juiz de Fora to assess their immunization status and biological risk perceptions. Eighty-nine students (65.4 percent) reported a complete vaccination schedule. Ninety-seven (71.3 percent) had received full immunization against hepatitis B and 99 (72.8 percent) against tetanus. Eighty-six (63.2 percent) reported having received immunization advice during the course. Seventy-three (53.7 percent) had already been exposed to potentially contaminated material during their academic activities, and 97 (71.3 percent) used personal protective equipment (PPE) in these contexts. We identified missed immunization doses against hepatitis B and tetanus, a situation that exposes medical students to unnecessary risks. Immunization advice was insufficient. The significant rate of exposure to biological hazards and the unsatisfactory use of PPE call for greater attention to accident prevention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Immunization , Occupational Risks , Students, Medical , Vaccination
15.
HU rev ; 36(1): 13-18, jan.-mar. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-565101

ABSTRACT

O amplo desenvolvimento dos meios de informação e o maior acesso pela população abrem, atualmente, um novo campo na relação médico-paciente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a busca de informações sobresaúde e doença pelo paciente e suas possíveis repercussões no tratamento da sua enfermidade e na relação médico-paciente. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com aplicação de um questionário composto de 10 questões objetivas e discursivas a 494 habitantes de Juiz de Fora, MG, em junho de 2009. Entre os participantes, 64% são do sexo feminino. A maioria (57,30%) tem entre 18 e 27 anos, 31,57% apresentam ensino superior, 24,70% têm renda familiar mensal entre mil e dois mil reais. O atendimento de 43,90% é feito pelo SUS e 96,21% já pesquisaram, ao menos uma vez, informações em saúde. O interesse pelo tema e por prevenção de doenças (54,69%) é a principal motivação à pesquisa. A fonte de obtenção de informação foi a internet (74,61%) e 50,00% compartilham com o médico as informações adquiridas, sendo a prevenção em saúde (43,10%) e o tratamento proposto (42,10%) os principais temas compartilhados, 47,66% já obtiveram informações contraditórias às do médico, e, caso enfrentassem essa situação, 58,00% procurariam uma segunda opinião médica. Os participantes que não conhecem fontes especializadas em informações de saúde totalizaram 62,00% e 89,00% gostariam que o médico as indicasse. A maioria dos pacientes desconhece fontes especializadas e apresenta dificuldades na interpretação da linguagem médico-científica. O profissional de saúde deve conhecer fontes confiáveis e com linguagem de fácil interpretação para indicá-las ao paciente.


The great development of the information media and greater access of the population to this source of information have opened a new in the doctor-patient relationship. This study aimed to assess the searchfor information on health and disease, conducted by patients, and its possible impact on disease treatment and doctor-patient relationship. A questionnaire composed of 10 questions was administered to 494 inhabitants of Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil, in June, 2009. 64% of the participants were females. Most (57.3%) were in the 18-27 years age range. 31.57% had finished higher education. 24.7% had a monthly family income between one thousand and two thousand reais. 43.9% had their medical care at the Sistema Único de Saúde ? SUS. 96.21% had sought health information at least once. Interest in the health and disease prevention issue (54.69%) is the main motivation driving the search for information. The internet was the main source (74.61%) of information.50% shared the information obtained with their doctors, health prevention (43.1%) and the proposed treatment (42.1%) being the main shared issues. 47.66% obtained information that was in disagreement with that provided by the doctor. Under such circumstances, 58% would look for a second medical opinion. 62% were not aware of health information specialized sources, and 89% would like the doctor to indicate them. Most patients are not aware of specialized sources and find it difficult to interpret the medical-scientific language. Health professionals must know reliable sources, with user-friendly language, to indicate them to their patients.


Subject(s)
Physician-Patient Relations , Health Information Systems , Patient Participation , Access to Information , Health Communication
16.
HU rev ; 35(1): 35-42, jan.-mar. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-530945

ABSTRACT

A Medicina Baseada em Evidências (MBE) visa a melhoria da qualidade da abordagem do paciente, através da integração da melhor evidência científica disponível, da experiência clínica do médico e das particularidades de cada paciente. A prática da MBE permite ao médico uma atualização adequada sobre os temas relativos à sua área de atuação, pois proporciona a possibilidade de filtrar e selecionar as informações científicas, para, então, avaliá-las, julgá-las e utilizá-las em sua realidade profissional. Avaliou-se o conhecimento e a utilização da MBE, pelos médicos do município de Juiz de Fora - MG, na sua prática diária. Foi realizado estudo observacional transversal com análise de 102 questionários estruturados, respondidos pelos próprios médicos, de uma amostra aleatória simples. Dentre os entrevistados, 87 (85,2%) exercem alguma especialidade, 12 (11,7%) são generalistas, 35 (34,5%) são docentes e 52 (51,0%) atuam em hospital com residência médica. Falta de tempo foi apontada por 82 (80,4%) médicos como a maior dificuldade para a atualização profissional. O tipo de trabalho científico mais lido (27 - 26,9%) foi o artigo de caso clínico. O fator destacado como de maior peso na tomada de decisão foi a experiência pessoal (55 - 61,8%) e diferença estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada entre as respostas dadas em relação a esse fator, quando o médico era docente e/ou atuava como preceptor em hospital com residência médica. A MBE ainda não se encontra sistematicamente presente na prática profissional de significativa parcela de médicos do município e necessita receber uma maior valorização por parte destes.


Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) aims to improve the medical approach to the patient through the integration of the best available scientific evidence, the physician's experience and the particular features of each patient. EBM makes it easier for the doctor to keep abreast of advances in their of expertise, as it can filter and select the most reliable scientific information before the latter is appraised and adapted to the professional reality. This study assessed knowledge about and use of EBM by physicians of the municipality of Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil in their daily practice. The cross-sectional observational study used a structured questionnaire to be answered by 102 physicians from a simple random sample. 87 (85.2%) were specialists, 12 (11.7%) were general practitioners, 35 (34.5%) were medical teachers and 52 (51.0%) practiced in a hospital with a residency program. 82 (80.4%) physicians stated that lack of time was the main issue hindering continuing medical education. Case reports were the most frequently read material (27 physicians - 26.9%). Personal experience had the greatest weight in decision-making for 55 (61.8%) physicians, with a statistically significant difference being found regarding the answers to this item, when the physician was a medical teacher or worked as a tutor in a hospital with a residency program. Because EBM is not systematically present in the professional practice of a significant percentage of physicians of the Juiz de Fora municipality, its full value should still be understood.


Subject(s)
Humans , Physicians , Evidence-Based Medicine/methods , Professional Practice
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