Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in reducing body mass index and lipid profile in healthy young adults in Colombia: a pilot randomised controlled clinical trial.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral administration of vitamin D supplementation in reducing BMI and lipid profile in adolescents and young adults from a cohort in Bucaramanga, Colombia. One hundred and one young adults were randomly assigned to one of two doses of vitamin D [1000 international units (IU) or 200 IU] administered daily for 15 weeks. The primary outcomes were serum 25(OH)D levels, BMI and lipid profile. The secondary outcomes were waist-hip ratio, skinfolds and fasting blood glucose. We found a mean ± sd plasma concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was 25⋅0 ± 7⋅0 ng/ml at baseline, and after 15 weeks, it increased to 31⋅0 ± 10⋅0 ng/ml in the participants who received a daily dose of 1000 IU, (P < 0⋅0001). For the participants in the control group (200 IU), it went from 26⋅0 ± 8⋅0 ng/ml to 29⋅0 ± 8⋅0 ng/ml (P = 0⋅002). There were no differences between groups in body mass index. There was a statistically significant decrease in LDL-cholesterol between the intervention group v. the control group (mean difference -11⋅50 mg/dl (95 % CI -21⋅86 to -1⋅15; P = 0⋅030). The conclusions of the present study were two different doses of vitamin D supplementation (200 IU v. 1000 IU) produced changes in serum 25(OH)D levels over 15 weeks of administration in healthy young adults. No significant changes were found in the body mass index when the effect of the treatments was compared. A significant reduction in LDL-cholesterol was found when comparing the two intervention groups. Trial registration: NCT04377386.

Association of social determinants with the severity of congenital heart disease.

BACKGROUND: Congenital heart diseases are the most prevalent congenital malformations and cause greater morbi-mortality in newborns and infants. The aim of this study was to analyze the social determinants in families with children with the severity of congenital heart disease. METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study in 140 families of children with congenital heart disease to whom a structured survey was applied addressing topics related to family structure, health, economic conditions, exposure factors, and other social conditions relevant to the study, during 1 year. RESULTS: In all, 53.7% of the studied population belonged to low socioeconomic levels. No association was found between the severity of the heart disease and the presence of pathological antecedents in the parents. The families resided in urban areas. Also, 28.3% of the mothers had four or fewer prenatal controls during pregnancy. Only 22% of heart diseases were diagnosed during pregnancy. It was found that exposure to cigarette and wood smoke during pregnancy, in addition to low socioeconomic status, was associated with greater severity of heart disease (RACHS-1 and STS-Score), when evaluated by pathophysiological groups (cyanotic/non-cyanotic/single ventricle). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to cigarette smoke, wood smoke during pregnancy, and low socioeconomic status turned out to be social determinants associated with the severity of heart disease analyzed by pathophysiological groups. IMPACT: The social component has not been well characterized as a cause of congenital heart disease, especially in countries like ours, where the existence of gaps and social inequities have a high impact. The findings of this study could have an impact on public health to the extent that policies are implemented to reduce exposure to cigarettes, especially during pregnancy. Knowledge of these changes and their measurement in this type of pathology could open the door to the creation of policies aimed at their prevention, focusing on the local risk factors found, which can impact the disease.

Genetic Instability among Hitnü People Living in Colombian Crude-Oil Exploitation Areas.

Oil exploitation, drilling, transportation, and processing in refineries produces a complex mixture of chemical compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which may affect the health of populations living in the zone of influence of mining activities (PZOI). Thus, to better understand the effects of oil exploitation activities on cytogenetic endpoint frequency, we conducted a biomonitoring study in the Hitnü indigenous populations from eastern Colombia by using the cytokinesis micronucleus cytome assay (CBMN-cyt). PAH exposure was also measured by determine urine 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) using HPLC. We also evaluated the relationship between DNA damage and 1-OHP levels in the oil exploitation area, as well as the modulating effects of community health factors, such as Chagas infection; nutritional status; and consumption of traditional hallucinogens, tobacco, and wine from traditional palms. The frequencies of the CBMN-cyt assay parameters were comparable between PZOI and Hitnü populations outside the zone of influence of mining activities (POZOI); however, a non-significant incremental trend among individuals from the PZOI for most of the DNA damage parameters was also observed. In agreement with these observations, levels of 1-OHP were also identified as a risk factor for increased MN frequency (PR = 1.20) compared to POZOI (PR = 0.7). Proximity to oil exploitation areas also constituted a risk factor for elevated frequencies of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and APOP-type cell death. Our results suggest that genetic instability and its potential effects among Hitnü individuals from PZOI and POZOI could be modulated by the combination of multiple factors, including the levels of 1-OHP in urine, malnutrition, and some traditional consumption practices.

Loss of ancestral food practices and perception of its effect on children's health among Inga indigenous grandmothers, Nariño, Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: Novel foods and dietary practices, a lack of available land, and displacement by armed conflict have affected the ancestral food traditions practiced by the Inga community in Aponte, in Nariño, Colombia. These factors have led to problems with food security and malnutrition, which have impacted the growth and development of children. Therefore, this study is aimed at identifying the changes in ancestral food practices reported by Inga grandmothers, and the possibility of recuperating them in order to improve children's health. METHOD: A qualitative study was conducted that included 24 mothers with children under five years old and 25 grandmothers in nine Inga communities. Participants were recruited using snowball sampling. Free listing was used to identify changes in food patterns, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 grandmothers to delve deeper into the subject. A translator of the Inga language facilitated communication, and the Inga researcher validated the translation using audio recordings. Each interview was transcribed and categorized for the purpose of analysis, using the NVivo 12 software. RESULTS: Free lists showed changes from a corn-based to a rice-based diet and a wide variety of non-ancestral food products. According to the grandmothers, "tiendas" have replaced traditional foods with those that are easy to prepare, which are attractive to mothers as well as to the children because of their flavor. Ancestral practices such as grinding, peeling, and log cooking are being abandoned. Government programs and daycare have incorporated new food that compete with traditional ones, with no clear evidence of an intercultural approach. Added to this is the dismissal by young mothers of the knowledge held by their grandmothers, which hinders the continuation of traditions. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that it is necessary to prevent the loss of the Inga food culture, and policies need to be created that promote and protect ancestral knowledge and that help to regain the value of the "chagra" farming system, with the support of elders, authorities who are recognized by the community, and government technicians, as recommended by the grandmothers who participated in this study.

Energy and protein intake in the Colombian population: results of the 2015 ENSIN population survey.

The present study was aimed at (1) the differences between current weight v. ideal weight, (2) total energy intake and comparing it with required energy (Rkeer), (3) absolute protein intake in g/kg per d and g/1000 calories, (4) how energy and protein intake relate to the nutritional status of the subjects in terms of overall overweight (OEW) [overweight + obesity] and conservative overweight (CEW) [obesity] and (5) the contribution (%) of protein to total energy intake based on the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR). A dietary study was carried out in Colombia with 29 259 subjects between 1 and 64 years of age, based on cross-sectional data collected in 2015 by a 24-h dietary recall (24HR) administered as part of the National Nutrition Survey. Energy and protein intake did not differ by nutritional status. In the general population, energy intake was 2117 kcal/d (95 % CI 1969, 2264). The total protein intake was 64⋅3 g/d (95 % CI 61⋅4, 67⋅3). Adequate energy intake ranged from 90 to 100 %, except for the 1-4-year-old group, which ranged from 144 to 155 %. Protein intake was 1⋅64 g/kg per d (95 % CI 1⋅53, 1⋅75). The mean AMDR for protein to total energy intake was 13⋅3 % (95 % CI 12⋅9, 13⋅7). Excess weight began during the first 4 years of age. In conclusion, it is worth reviewing and updating energy and protein intake recommendations and dietary guidelines for the Colombian population and designing and modifying public policy.

Prevalence of vitamin D status and its association with overweight or obesity in a population of Colombian children and adolescents.

The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of 25-OH-D status (insufficiency and deficiency) in children and adolescents residing in Bucaramanga, Colombia and to determine its association with excess weight. A case-control study was nested in the SIMBA II cohort in children and adolescents between the ages of 11 and 20 years old. Cases were defined as those children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. The control group was composed of children and adolescents from the same population sample with similar sociodemographic and economic characteristics but without overweight or obesity diagnosis. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) was quantified in serum using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between vitamin D status and overweight or obesity adjusted for the main confounding variables. A total of 494 children and adolescents cases were 138 (52⋅17% boys and 47⋅83% girls; median age 16⋅0 [Q1 15; Q3 18]). The median BMI S-Score minors age in the cases was 1⋅36 [Q1 1⋅06; Q3 2⋅00] and BMI (kg/m2) 28⋅0 [Q1 26⋅2; Q3 30⋅8]. The prevalence of vitamin D in the cases was deficiency 16⋅67%, insufficiency 57⋅25%, sufficiency 26⋅09. 25-OH-D insufficiency was associated with overweight or obesity after adjusting for the main confounding variables (OR 1⋅73; 95% CI 1⋅05-2⋅84). Our study concludes that the 25-OH-D insufficiency is common in children and adolescents in Bucaramanga, Colombia, and it was associated with overweight or obesity.

Daily intake of macronutrients and energy in childhood and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors in Colombians.

OBJECTIVES: Determine the intake and percentage of adequacy of macronutrients and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of Colombian schoolchildren. METHODS: Cross-sectional study nested in a prospective population-based cohort in schoolchildren between 6 and 10 years of age; cardiovascular risk markers and anthropometric measures were measured. Macronutrient intake was established through a food consumption frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The percentage of adequacy was evaluated by comparison with the dietary reference intakes (DRI) and the recommendations for energy and nutrient intake (RIEN) for the Colombian population. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between daily macronutrient/energy intake and cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 1,282 school children (51.09% boys and 48.91% girls; mean age 8.4 ± 1.4 years). The percentage of energy adequacy was 107% (Q1=87.5; Q3=127.2). The macronutrients in overadequacy were proteins and carbohydrates. The total fiber had a low adequacy around 26.0% (Q1=15.8; Q3=38.6). Fat intake was positively associated with BMI, insulin, and HOMA-IR index, while carbohydrate consumption was related to these same factors, although negatively in tight models. CONCLUSIONS: Schoolchildren in this study had an inadequate protein, carbohydrate, and fiber intake. The results suggest a significant positive and negative relationship between the consumption of both fat and carbohydrates and cardiometabolic risk factors such as BMI, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR.

Trends of Adherence to Dietary Patterns in Colombian Population, 2010-2015.

Objectives: In this study we sought to determine: (1) adherence to each one of the dietary patterns (DPs) identified in Colombia by the National Nutrition Surveys (ENSIN) in 2010 and 2015; (2) trends in adherence to these patterns between 2010 and 2015; and (3) differences in adherence between the 2 surveys according to some of the biological and socioeconomic variables. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with secondary analysis of data from the ENSIN-2010 and ENSIN-2015 surveys that enrolled 37,667 persons. Diet was assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Based on a factor analysis, 3 dietary patterns were identified: traditional/starch pattern (TSP), fruit-vegetable/dairy pattern (FVDP), and snack pattern (SP). We used multiple linear regression to estimate adjusted differences in adherence to patterns between ENSIN-2010 and ENSIN-2015. Results: For both years, adults had the lowest adherence to the 3 DPs. Between 2010 and 2015, the TSP pattern decreased for children, the FVDP remained the same for all age groups, and SP decreased for all age groups. Conclusion: These findings can aid in designing, monitoring, and evaluating food education intervention strategies with a differential approach and an emphasis on the traditional Colombian dietary pattern, according to the life cycle stage.

Síntomas depresivos en familiares cuidadores de recién nacidos en una Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal y factores asociados / Depressive symptoms and associated factors in caregivers of newborn infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit

Introducción. Se hanreportado altas prevalencias de síntomas depresivos en familiares de recién nacidos hospitalizados en unidades de cuidado intensivo neonatal. Esto ocasiona un alto impacto negativo para el vínculo familiares-recién nacido. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y sus factores asociados en cuidadores de recién nacidos hospitalizados en una Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal analítico en una institución de salud de alto nivel de complejidad especializada en patologías cardiovasculares. Se aplicó el Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II al ingreso y ocho días después. Se consideró presencia de síntomas depresivos cuando los cuidadores presentaban depresión intermitente, moderada, grave o extrema. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y multivariados usando modelos de regresión binomial. Resultados. Se analizó un total de 107 niños con sus cuidadores. La prevalencia de síntomas depresivos fue 20,56% (IC 95%: 12,77-28,34) en la medición basal y 12,86% (IC 95%: 4,120,89) al octavo día. Los cuidadores de sexo masculino y de 30 años de edad o más tuvieron menor riesgo de presentar síntomas depresivos, mientras que ser cabeza de familia, tener nivel de primaria o ningún grado de escolaridad y que sus hijos hubieran tenido Apgar al nacer de 1-6 representaron factores de riesgo para síntomas depresivos. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de síntomas depresivos fue alta. Ser cabeza de familia, tener baja escolaridad y Apgar al nacer entre 1 y 6 fueron factores asociados a síntomas depresivos en los cuidadores.

Introduction. A high prevalence of depressive symptoms has been reported in family members of newborn infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units. This causes a high negative impact on the newborn infant-family bond.Objective. To establish the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their associated factors in caregivers of newborn infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit in Colombia. Materials and Methods. Cross-sectional, analytical study conducted at a tertiary care health facility specialized in cardiovascular disease.The Beck Depression Inventory-II was administered upon admission to the NICU and on Day 8. Depressive symptoms were considered present if caregivers had intermittent, moderate, severe, or extreme depression. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using binomial regression models.Results. A total of 107 children and their caregivers were studied. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 20.56% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.77-28.34) at baseline and 12.86% (95% CI: 4.1-20.89) on Day 8. Male caregivers and caregivers older than 30 years old had a lower risk of having depressive symptoms whereas being the head of the household, having completed primary education or no education at all, and having a baby with an Apgar score at birth of 1-6 were risk factors for developing depressive symptoms. Conclusions. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was high. Being the head of the household, having a low level of education, and an Apgar score at birth of 1-6 were associated with depressive symptoms among caregivers.

Depressive symptoms and associated factors in caregivers of newborn infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit. / Síntomas depresivos en familiares cuidadores de recién nacidos en una Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal y factores asociados.

INTRODUCTION: A high prevalence of depressive symptoms has been reported in family members of newborn infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units. This causes a high negative impact on the newborn infant-family bond. OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their associated factors in caregivers of newborn infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit in Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional, analytical study conducted at a tertiary care health facility specialized in cardiovascular disease. The Beck Depression Inventory-II was administered upon admission to the NICU and on Day 8. Depressive symptoms were considered present if caregivers had intermittent, moderate, severe, or extreme depression. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using binomial regression models. RESULTS: A total of 107 children and their caregivers were studied. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 20.56% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.77-28.34) at baseline and 12.86% (95% CI: 4.1-20.89) on Day 8. Male caregivers and caregivers older than 30 years old had a lower risk of having depressive symptoms whereas being the head of the household, having completed primary education or no education at all, and having a baby with an Apgar score at birth of 1-6 were risk factors for developing depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was high. Being the head of the household, having a low level of education, and an Apgar score at birth of 1-6 were associated with depressive symptoms among caregivers.

Se han reportado altas prevalencias de síntomas depresivos en familiares de recién nacidos hospitalizados en unidades de cuidado intensivo neonatal. Esto ocasiona un alto impacto negativo para el vínculo familiares-recién nacido.

Riesgo de sobrepeso en niños preescolares beneficiarios de programas de ayuda alimentaria / Obesity risk in preschoolers beneficiaries of food aid programs

Objetivo Revisar la evidencia sobre el posible efecto de los programas alimentarios en el riesgo de sobrepeso de los niños beneficiarios. Métodos Se realizó la búsqueda de artículos en bases de datos usando términos en español y en inglés. Se incluyeron artículos con variables de interés, estudios de corte transversal, cohorte o ensayos comunitarios. Resultados Los programas alimentarios de transferencias podrían contribuir al aumento del sobrepeso en su población beneficiaria a través de una mayor disponibilidad y acceso a alimentos con alto contenido de energía, ya sea por medio de la entrega de despensas o de dinero en efectivo. Sin embargo, el impacto de los programas en este desenlace ha sido poco estudiado y las evaluaciones que se han realizado han sido, en su mayoría, en población adulta o en edad escolar. Conclusiones Esta revisión puede servir de referencia para el diseño, implementación y evaluación de programas de alimentación y nutrición en países de ingresos bajos y medios que enfrentan la doble carga de la mala nutrición.(AU)

Objective To review the evidence regarding the potential impact of food programs on the risk of obesity in beneficiary children. Methods The search was conducted in databases using terms in Spanish and English. Those items that included the variable of interest, cross sectional studies, cohort or community trials were selected. Results Food assistance programs could contribute to increased obesity rates in the target population due to the availability and easier access to food with high energy content, either through the delivery of provisions or cash. However, the impact of the programs on this outcome has been little studied and evaluations have been mostly in adults or school-age children. Conclusion This review contributes to knowledge about the possible effect that food programs have on the risk of obesity in beneficiary children. This review may also serve as a reference for the design, implementation and evaluation of food and nutrition programs in countries of low and middle income facing malnutrition.(AU)

[Obesity risk in preschoolers beneficiaries of food aid programs]. / Riesgo de sobrepeso en niños preescolares beneficiarios de programas de ayuda alimentaria.

Objective To review the evidence regarding the potential impact of food programs on the risk of obesity in beneficiary children. Methods The search was conducted in databases using terms in Spanish and English. Those items that included the variable of interest, cross sectional studies, cohort or community trials were selected. Results Food assistance programs could contribute to increased obesity rates in the target population due to the availability and easier access to food with high energy content, either through the delivery of provisions or cash. However, the impact of the programs on this outcome has been little studied and evaluations have been mostly in adults or school-age children. Conclusion This review contributes to knowledge about the possible effect that food programs have on the risk of obesity in beneficiary children. This review may also serve as a reference for the design, implementation and evaluation of food and nutrition programs in countries of low and middle income facing malnutrition.

Cardiovascular Risk and Its Associated Factors in Health Care Workers in Colombia: A Study Protocol.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, for this reason, they are a public health problem. In Colombia, cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality, having a death rate of 152 deaths per 100,000 population. There are 80% of these cardiovascular events that are considered avoidable. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of the cardiovascular risk and its associated factors among the institution's workers in order to design and implement interventions in the work environment which may achieve a decrease in such risk. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was designed to determine the cardiovascular risk and its associated factors among workers of a high complexity health care institution. A self-applied survey will be conducted considering sociodemographic aspects, physical activity, diet, alcohol consumption, smoking, level of perceived stress, and personal and family history. In a second appointment, a physical examination will be made, as well as anthropometric measurements and blood pressure determination. Also, blood samples for evaluating total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting blood sugar will be taken. A ten-year global risk for cardiovascular disease will be determined using the Framingham score. A descriptive analysis of the population's characteristics and a stratified analysis by sex, age, and occupation will be made. Bivariate and multivariate analysis will be made using logistic regression models to evaluate the association between cardiovascular risk and the independent variables. The research protocol was approved by the Scientific and Technical Committee and the Ethics Committee on Research of the Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia. RESULTS: The protocol has already received funding and the enrollment phase will begin in the coming months. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study will give the foundation for the design, implementation, and evaluation of a program based on promoting healthy lifestyles, such as performing regular physical activity and healthy food intake in order to avoid and/or control the cardiovascular risk in the workers of a high complexity health care institution.

Economic evaluation of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis versus urgent-start hemodialysis in the United States.

Patients presenting late in the course of kidney disease who require urgent initiation of dialysis have traditionally received temporary vascular catheters followed by hemodialysis. Recent changes in Medicare payment policy for dialysis in the USA incentivized the use of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Consequently, the use of more expeditious PD for late-presenting patients (urgent-start PD) has received new attention. Urgent-start PD has been shown to be safe and effective, and offers a mechanism for increasing PD utilization. However, there has been no assessment of the dialysis-related costs over the first 90 days of care. The objective of this study was to characterize the costs associated with urgent-start PD, urgent-start hemodialysis (HD), or a dual approach (urgent-start HD followed by urgent-start PD) over the first 90 days of treatment from a provider perspective. A survey of practitioners from 5 clinics known to use urgent-start PD was conducted to provide inputs for a cost model representing typical patients. Model inputs were obtained from the survey, literature review, and available cost data. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted. The estimated per patient cost over the first 90 days for urgent-start PD was $16,398. Dialysis access represented 15% of total costs, dialysis services 48%, and initial hospitalization 37%. For urgent-start HD, total per patient costs were $19,352, and dialysis access accounted for 27%, dialysis services 42%, and initial hospitalization 31%. The estimated cost for dual patients was $19,400. Urgent-start PD may offer a cost saving approach for the initiation of dialysis in eligible patients requiring an urgent-start to dialysis.

[Displaced and local children's alimentary patterns and nutritional state in Piedecuesta, Colombia]. / Patrón Alimentario y Estado Nutricional en Niños Desplazados en Piedecuesta, Colombia.

OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed at establishing displaced and local children's alimentary patterns amongst the school-age population from the Guatiguará area (Piedecuesta) and correlating their nutritional state with chosen socioeconomic and nutritional factors. METHODS: This descriptive transversal study of 89 displaced and local school-aged children (6 to 12 years of age) from the Guatiguará area (population=258) was carried out in 2004. Data was collected from socio-demographic and nutritional surveys as well as a food intake questionnaire (SICI). Twenty-four hour dietary recall, standardised kitchen item games and photographic models of the size of food portions were also used. The children's height and weight were measured. SICI, Excel, Epi Info 6.04d and Stata 8.0 software were used for processing the data. RESULTS: Nutritional state (weight per age - W/A) was as follows: 25,8 % deficit and 14,6 % risk of deficit. Low vegetable, fruit and protein consumption was found. The lowest percentages regarding consumption of needed items pertained to calcium, vitamin B6, iron, zinc and niacin. The relationship between receiving a monthly family income of less than Col $150 000 and nutritional deficit was (OR=2.76 CI(95 %) 0,92-8,44, p=0,040). Nutritional deficit protection factors consisted of having an employed mother (OR=0.29 CI(95 %) 0,09-0,84, p=0,012) and families having 2 or 3 employed members covering household expenses (OR=0.17 CI(95 %) 0,03-0,69 p=0,0052). CONCLUSION: Selected socioeconomic factors influenced the studied population's alimentary pattern and nutritional state.

Patrón Alimentario y Estado Nutricional en Niños Desplazados en Piedecuesta, Colombia / Displaced and local children's alimentary patterns and nutritional state in Piedecuesta, Colombia

Objetivos: Determinar el patrón alimentario en la población de niños en edad escolar del sector Guatiguará (Piedecuesta), evaluar su estado nutricional y la asociación con los factores socioeconómicos y alimentarios. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 89 niños desplazados y no desplazados en edad escolar (6 a 12 años) del sector Guatiguará (población: 258), realizado en 2004. Se aplicó una Encuesta Sociodemográfica y Nutricional y un Formato de Consumo de Alimentos (SICI); Se utilizó el método recordatorio de 24 horas, juegos de menaje y gráficas representativas del tamaño de porción de alimentos. Se tomó el peso y la talla de los niños. Procesamiento en programas SICI, Excel, Epi Info 6.04d y Stata 8.0. Resultados: Estado Nutricional (P/E): Déficit 25,8 por ciento y Riesgo de Déficit 14,6 por ciento; déficit T/E 25,7 por ciento y déficit P/T 4,3 por ciento. Se observa un bajo consumo de verduras, frutas y alimentos proteicos. Los porcentajes más bajos de adecuación del consumo correspondieron a calcio, vitamina B6, hierro, cinc y niacina. Se encontró Asociación entre recibir ingresos familiares mensuales menores de $150 000 y déficit nutricional (OR=2,76 IC(95 por ciento) 0,92-8,44, p=0,040). Factores protectores para déficit nutricional: ser madre empleada (OR=0,29, IC(95 por ciento) 0,09-0,84, p=0,012) y familias con 2 o 3 miembros trabajadores y aportantes a los gastos del hogar (OR=0,17 IC(95 por ciento) 0,03-0,69 p=0,005). Conclusión: En la población de estudio, el factor socioeconómico es determinante del patrón alimentario y del estado nutricional.

Objectives This study was aimed at establishing displaced and local children's alimentary patterns amongst the school-age population from the Guatiguará area (Piedecuesta) and correlating their nutritional state with chosen socioeconomic and nutritional factors. Methods This descriptive transversal study of 89 displaced and local school-aged children (6 to 12 years of age) from the Guatiguará area (population=258) was carried out in 2004. Data was collected from socio-demographic and nutritional surveys as well as a food intake questionnaire (SICI). Twenty-four hour dietary recall, standardised kitchen item games and photographic models of the size of food portions were also used. The children's height and weight were measured. SICI, Excel, Epi Info 6.04d and Stata 8.0 software were used for processing the data. Results Nutritional state (weight per age - W/A) was as follows: 25,8 percent deficit and 14,6 percent risk of deficit. Low vegetable, fruit and protein consumption was found. The lowest percentages regarding consumption of needed items pertained to calcium, vitamin B6, iron, zinc and niacin. The relationship between receiving a monthly family income of less than Col $150 000 and nutritional deficit was (OR=2.76 CI(95 percent) 0,92-8,44, p=0,040). Nutritional deficit protection factors consisted of having an employed mother (OR=0.29 CI(95 percent) 0,09-0,84, p=0,012) and families having 2 or 3 employed members covering household expenses (OR=0.17 CI(95 percent) 0,03-0,69 p=0,0052). Conclusion Selected socioeconomic factors influenced the studied population's alimentary pattern and nutritional state.