2D model of groundwater flow and total dissolved HCH transport through the Gállego alluvial aquifer downstream the Sardas landfill (Huesca, Spain).

The organic pollutants disposed at the Sardas landfill in Sabiñánigo (Huesca, northeastern Spain) by the INQUINOSA lindane factory have reached the Gállego alluvial aquifer and could affect the Sabiñánigo reservoir. The daily oscillations of the reservoir water level produce a tidal effect on the piezometric heads of the aquifer. These oscillations are transmitted in a damped way with a time lag, thus attesting that the silting sediments of the reservoir and the natural silts of the Gállego alluvial are interposed between the reservoir water and the layer of sands and gravels. A 2D finite element groundwater flow and total dissolved hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) transport model through the Gállego alluvial aquifer is presented here. The flow model was constructed to: (1) Quantify the tidal effect, produced by the daily fluctuations of the reservoir water level on the aquifer; (2) Estimate the hydrodynamic parameters of the layer of sands and gravels; and 3) Estimate the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the silting sediments and silts; and (4) Quantify aquifer/reservoir interactions. The flow model reproduces the dynamics of the tidal effect and attests that groundwater velocity and flow direction changes daily in response to the oscillations of the reservoir level. Model results reproduce the measured well hydrographs and the Darcy velocity derived from tracer tests and confirm the validity of the conceptual model. The transport model of total dissolved HCH simulates the time evolution of the contaminant plume. The computed concentrations of total dissolved HCH and the contaminant mass outflux are very sensitive to changes in the source terms and the distribution coefficient, Kd of HCH. The best fit to the measured HCH plumes in September 2010 and December 2020 is obtained with a Kd ranging from 1 to 3 L/kg. The computed flux of dissolved HCH leaving the Sardas site in 2020 towards the Sabiñánigo reservoir ranges from 0.6 kg/year for Kd = 3 L/kg to 3.1 kg/year for Kd = 1 L/kg. The findings of this study will be most useful for planning and designing remedial and containment actions at the Sardas site and other similar lindane-affected sites.

Lipid extraction in the primary sludge generated from urban wastewater treatment: characteristics and seasonal composition analysis.

A seasonal study of the lipid composition of a primary sludge (dry and dewatered base) obtained from an urban wastewater treatment plant located in Aguascalientes (Mexico) is reported. This study assessed the variability in sludge composition to establish its potential as a raw material for biodiesel production. Lipid recovery was achieved by extraction using two solvents. Hexane was employed for lipid extraction from dry sludge, whereas hexane and ethyl butyrate were used for comparison with dewatered sludge. The formation (%) of fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) was determined using extracted lipids. The extraction results from the dry sludge showed 14 and 6% of recovered lipids and their conversion to biodiesel, respectively. For the dewatered sludge, the lipid recovery and biodiesel formation were 17.4 and 60% using hexane, and 23 and 77% for ethyl butyrate, respectively, on a dry basis. Statistical data indicated that lipid recovery depended on the physicochemical characteristics of sewage sludge, which were related to seasonal changes, population activities, and changes in plant configuration, among other factors. These variables must be considered in the design of large-scale extraction equipment for the application and commercial exploitation of biomass waste in biofuel production.

Effects of multiwavelength photobiomodulation for the treatment of traumatic soft tissue injuries associated with bone fractures: A double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial.

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of multiwavelength photobiomodulation (MPBM) in healing soft tissue injuries associated with tibial and/or ankle fractures. Participants were randomized into the MPBM or control group. Primary outcome was wound healing, measured by the Bates-Jensen scale. Assessments were performed daily. Twenty-seven hospitalized adults were included. MPBM showed an improvement in the daily mean Bates-Jensen scale (MPBM 32.1 vs. control 34.2; p = 0.029), daily mean pain score change (MPBM 0.5 vs. control 0.2; p = 0.04) and occurrence of infection at the site of the external fixator pins (MPBM 15.3% vs. control 57.1%; p = 0.02). MPBM group also showed faster-wound resolution (MPBM 13.1 vs. control 23.1 days). Subgroup analysis showed improvement in the MPBM group among less severe patients on the Bates-Jensen scale (MPBM 27.4 vs. control 34.7; p = 0.0081) and mean time for wound resolution (MPBM 7.0 vs. control 14.6 days; p = 0.03). MPBM appears safe and effective in reducing wound resolution time, infection in the surgical pin sites, reported pain and time before definitive surgery.

Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de salud mental positiva en Arequipa (Perú) / Psychometric properties of the positive mental health scale in Arequipa (Peru)

La salud mental positiva es un constructo complejo que está re-lacionado con el funcionamiento óptimo de la persona. Comprende un conjunto de cualidades orientadas al desarrollo del potencial del individuo. La Escala de Salud Mental Positiva es uno de los instrumentos más utiliza-dos paraevaluarlo, sin embargo, los antecedentes señalan inconsistencias respecto a su estructura interna. El objetivo del presente estudio fue anali-zar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Salud Mental Positiva en Arequipa-Perú. Participaron 3933 personas, 50.3% fueron mujeres y 49.7% fueron varones, incluyendo desde adolescentes hasta adultos mayores. La evaluación mediante AFC de la estructura original evidenció índices de ajuste pobres, por lo que se tuvo que evaluar la dimensionalidad y proponer unanueva estructura. Para lo cual, se dividió a la muestra (n1= 1966 y n2= 1967). En la primera, se aplicó un AFE y en la segunda se valida mediante un AFC. Se hallaron tres factores y se concluye que tiene un buen ajuste (χ2(431) = 2473.378; CFI= .959; TLI= .956, RMSEA= .049; SRMR= .051). La consistencia interna mostró valores mayores a .81. Finalmente, se evaluó la equivalencia de la medición según el sexo, hallando que el instru-mento presenta invarianza de la medición.(AU)

Positive mental health is a complex construct that is related to the optimal functioning of the person. It comprises a set of qualities aimed at the development of the individual's potential. The Positive Mental Health Scale is one of the most used instruments to evaluate it, however, the antecedents indicate inconsistencies regarding its internal structure. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Positive Mental Health Scale in Arequipa-Peru. 3,933 people partici-pated, 50.3% were women and 49.7% were men, including from adoles-cents to the elderly. The evaluation by CFA ofthe original structure showed poor fit indices, so the dimensionality had to be evaluated and a new structure had to be proposed. For which the sample is divided (n1= 1,966 and n2= 1,967). In the first, an EFA was applied and in the second, it is validated by means of a CFA. Three factors were found and it is con-cluded that it has a good fit (χ2(431) = 2,473.378; CFI= .959; TLI= .956, RMSEA= .049; SRMR= .051). The internal consistency showed values greater than .81. Finally, the equivalence of the measurement according to sex was evaluated, finding that the instrument presents measurement invariance.(AU)

A matheuristic approach to the air-cargo recovery problem under demand disruption.

Air cargo transport is subject to unpredictable changes in expected demand, necessitating adjustments to itinerary planning to recover from such disruptions. We study a flight rescheduling problem to react to cargo demand disruptions in the short run. To increase flexibility, we consider two different cargo assignment policies. We propose a matheuristic approach to solve the problem that provides high-quality solutions in a short computational time, based on column generation in which each subproblem is solved using an ad-hoc heuristic. The approach is tested on demand disruption instances containing up to 75 air cargo orders with different penalty levels. The results show that the proposed method improves profit by 54% over the solution generated by a commercial MIP solver within a 1-h time limit, and by 15% over the solution with the routes fixed as in the original flight planning that only allows cargo to be re-routed. We also show that there exist incremental benefits in the range of 3-5% by allowing cargo for a given order to be transported by various aircraft.

An Optical Fiber Sensor and Its Application in UAVs for Current Measurements.

In this paper, we propose and experimentally investigate an optical sensor based on a novel combination of a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) with a permanent magnet to measure electrical current in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The proposed device uses a neodymium magnet attached to the grating structure, which suffers from an electromagnetic force produced when the current flows in the wire of the UAV engine. Therefore, it causes deformation on the sensor and thus, different shifts occur in the resonant bands of the transmission spectrum of the LPFG. Finally, the results show that it is possible to monitor electrical current throughout the entire operating range of the UAV engine from 0 A to 10 A in an effective and practical way with good linearity, reliability and response time, which are desirable characteristics in electrical current sensing.

Chilean patients' perception of oral health-related quality of life after third molar surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the perception of the quality of life in oral health based on the Health-Related Quality of Life instrument in its Spanish version (HRQOL-sp) in Chilean patients with third molar extraction surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study. The HRQOL-sp was administered to dental patients at the Public Hospital in Rio Bueno in southern Chile treated for unilateral third molar extraction between March and June 2014. The instrument was applied by phone survey on the first, third, fifth, and seventh days after surgery. For the ordinal scale, the response was considered interference in the quality of life when patients selected the options "quite a bit of trouble" or "lots of trouble" for oral function and general activity; and selected complications-related signs and symptoms, a pain level score with a Verbal Rating Scale (range 0 to 7), and worst pain perceived. The patient's sociodemographic data, type of surgery, and the quality of life level were analyzed according to the domains of the HRQOL-sp instrument. RESULTS: A total of 106 patients were selected (age: 20.4±7.39 years; 71.7% women) and a total of 127 extracted third molars. On the first day of follow-up, most patients reported interference in their quality of life. The main problems were difficulty opening the mouth (50.94%) and swelling (83.02%). The worst symptom perceived was "bad breath" (>31%) and the worst pain felt was a mean of 4.31±1.62 on the Verbal Rating Scale. All items gradually reduced until the seventh day. CONCLUSION: The HRQOL-sp revealed substantial interference in the quality of life on the first postoperative day. It is suggested that the risk factors associated with quality of life be analyzed and the instrument in Spanish be validated.

MAASH Technique for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Capsular Work.

BACKGROUND: Dislocation and leg length discrepancy are major complications following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Many surgical approaches for THA have been described, but none suggest a capsular incision that assures good exposure while maintaining adequate capsule integrity in closure. PURPOSES: Modified anterolateral approach for stable hip (MAASH) is a modification of the classical Hardinge approach, but specifically preserves the anterior iliofemoral lateral ligament and pubofemoral ligament excising the "weak area" of the capsule, in the so called "internervous safe zone" and introducing the "box concept" for the anterior approach to the hip. This is the main difference of the MAASH approach. This technique can be used as a standard for all THA standard models, but we introduce new devices to make it easier. METHODS: From November 2007 to May 2012, data were collected for this observational retrospective consecutive case study. We report the results of 100 THA cases corresponding to the development curve of this new concept in THA technique. RESULTS: MAASH technique offers to hip surgeons, a reliable and reproducible THA anterolateral technique assuring accurate reconstruction of leg length and a low rate of dislocation. Only one dislocation and six major complications are reported, but most of them occurred at the early stages of technique development. CONCLUSION: MAASH technique proposes a novel concept on working with the anterior capsule of the hip for the anterolateral approach in total hip arthroplasty, as well as for hemiarthroplasty in the elderly population with high dislocation risk factors. MAASH offers maximal stability and the ability to restore leg length accurately.

Tumores retrorrectales: revisión a propósito de un caso / Retro-rectal tumors: a case review of a case

Se realiza una revisión de la literatura médica nacional e internacional actualizada sobre el tema, a propósito del diagnóstico de un tumor quístico retrorrectal en una paciente de 15 años con antecedentes de operaciones anteriores por esta causa y enfermedad de 10 años de evolución. Tras la exéresis quirúrgica total y mediante estudio anatomopatológico, se concluyó el diagnóstico de hamartoma quístico retrorrectal.

A review of national and international medical literature was made on this topic related to diagnosis of retro-rectal cystic tumor in a patient aged 15 presenting backgrounds of previous surgeries by this cause, and a disease of 10 years of evolution. After total surgical exeresis and by means of anatomic-pathological study, it is included diagnosis of retro-rectal cystic hamartoma.

Tumores retrorrectales: revisión a propósito de un caso / Retro-rectal tumors: a case review of a case

Se realiza una revisión de la literatura médica nacional e internacional actualizada sobre el tema, a propósito del diagnóstico de un tumor quístico retrorrectal en una paciente de 15 años con antecedentes de operaciones anteriores por esta causa y enfermedad de 10 años de evolución. Tras la exéresis quirúrgica total y mediante estudio anatomopatológico, se concluyó el diagnóstico de hamartoma quístico retrorrectal(AU)

A review of national and international medical literature was made on this topic related to diagnosis of retro-rectal cystic tumor in a patient aged 15 presenting backgrounds of previous surgeries by this cause, and a disease of 10 years of evolution. After total surgical exeresis and by means of anatomic-pathological study, it is included diagnosis of retro-rectal cystic hamartoma(AU)

Técnica de Mohan P: desarda en la Herniografía Inguinal de forma ambulatoria / Mohan P: desarda’s technique in ambulatory inguinal herniorraphy

Se describe en este trabajo nuestra experiencia con una técnica de reparación de la hernia inguinal, en la cual la pared posterior del canal inguinal se fortalece con una franja fija de la aponeurosis del músculo Oblicuo Externo para producir una pared posterior fuerte y fisiológicamente activa. Revisamos las historias clínicas de los primeros 250 pacientes operados por esta técnica, que incluyen los meses de septiembre del 2001 a diciembre del 2005, los cuales son seguidos por consulta externa en nuestro Centro. Todos los pacientes fueron operados de forma ambulatoria. La hernia inguinal derecha y la variedad indirecta fue la más frecuente, hubo dos pacientes que presentaron sepsis de la herida y un paciente tuvo una recidiva. El ahorro económico fue significativo. La técnica quirúrgica es fácil de realizar, no requiere prótesis y ofrece resultados equivalentes a las reportadas que utilizan malla.

The objective of this work is to show our experience with an inguinal hernia repair technique in which the posterior wall of the inguinal chanel is streighten by an strip of the External Oblique Aponeurosis to make a hard and physiological active posterior wall. We present a series of the first 250 patients who underwent surgery by this technique between September 2001 to December 2005, all of them were follow up in outpatient department in our hospital. All of them were operated on ambulatory regimen. The right indirect inguinal hernia was the most frecuent. Two patients showed wound infection and one had an early recurrence. This technique isn’t expensive. The technique presented is ease to do, and involves minimal dissection and surgical trauma. It doesn’t need prothesis and show the same results.

Técnica de Mohan P: desarda en la Herniografía Inguinal de forma ambulatoria / Mohan P: desardas technique in ambulatory inguinal herniorraphy

Se describe en este trabajo nuestra experiencia con una técnica de reparación de la hernia inguinal, en la cual la pared posterior del canal inguinal se fortalece con una franja fija de la aponeurosis del músculo Oblicuo Externo para producir una pared posterior fuerte y fisiológicamente activa. Revisamos las historias clínicas de los primeros 250 pacientes operados por esta técnica, que incluyen los meses de septiembre del 2001 a diciembre del 2005, los cuales son seguidos por consulta externa en nuestro Centro. Todos los pacientes fueron operados de forma ambulatoria. La hernia inguinal derecha y la variedad indirecta fue la más frecuente, hubo dos pacientes que presentaron sepsis de la herida y un paciente tuvo una recidiva. El ahorro económico fue significativo. La técnica quirúrgica es fácil de realizar, no requiere prótesis y ofrece resultados equivalentes a las reportadas que utilizan malla(AU)

The objective of this work is to show our experience with an inguinal hernia repair technique in which the posterior wall of the inguinal chanel is streighten by an strip of the External Oblique Aponeurosis to make a hard and physiological active posterior wall. We present a series of the first 250 patients who underwent surgery by this technique between September 2001 to December 2005, all of them were follow up in outpatient department in our hospital. All of them were operated on ambulatory regimen. The right indirect inguinal hernia was the most frecuent. Two patients showed wound infection and one had an early recurrence. This technique isnt expensive. The technique presented is ease to do, and involves minimal dissection and surgical trauma. It doesnt need prothesis and show the same results(AU)

Capturing candidate drought tolerance traits in two native Andean potato clones by transcription profiling of field grown plants under water stress.

Candidate traits for drought tolerance were targeted by analyzing water stress responses in two moderately drought-tolerant native Andean potato clones, SA2563 and Sullu (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp, andigena (Juz, Bukasov) Hawkes) under field conditions. SA2563 exhibited increased root growth under drought, while Sullu retained a higher relative leaf water content. Gene expression profiling using the TIGR 10 K microarray revealed 1713 significantly differentially expressed genes, 186 of these genes were up-regulated in both clones. In addition to these commonly up-regulated genes, each clone induced a specific gene set in response to drought. Gene expression and metabolite analysis pinpointed candidate traits for drought tolerance present either in one or both of the clones under investigation. These traits included osmotic adjustment, changes in carbohydrate metabolism, membrane modifications, strengthening of cuticle and cell rescue mechanisms, such as detoxification of oxygen radicals and protein stabilization. Many of the up-regulated genes have been identified previously in laboratory studies on model plants using shock treatments, and the present study confirms the importance of these factors under field conditions.

Hernia de Amyand: presentación de dos casos / Amyand's hernia: report of two cases

Encontrar una apendicitis en el interior de una hernia inguinal encarcelada es algo inusual y se conoce en la literatura como hernia de Amyand. Cuando ocurre, casi siempre es diagnosticada como una hernia inguinal encarcelada. Realizamos la presentación de dos casos y revisamos la literatura(AU)

To find an appendicitis inside a hernia imprisoned inguinal is something unusual and it is known in the literature like hernia of Amyand. When it happens, it is almost always diagnosed as a hernia imprisoned inguinal. We carry out the presentation of two cases and we revise the literature(AU)

Hernia de Amyand: presentación de dos casos / Amyand's hernia: report of two cases

Encontrar una apendicitis en el interior de una hernia inguinal encarcelada es algo inusual y se conoce en la literatura como hernia de Amyand. Cuando ocurre, casi siempre es diagnosticada como una hernia inguinal encarcelada. Realizamos la presentación de dos casos y revisamos la literatura(AU)

Hernioplastia con pericardio liofilizado preperitoneal / Hernioplasty with preperitoneal lyophilized pericardium

Con el fin de reducir la tasa de recidivas en la reparación quirúrgica de hernias y eventraciones, cada vez es mayor el número de cirujanos que realizan técnicas protésicas utilizando diferentes biomateriales, inertes, reabsorbibles, resistentes y capaces de integrarse en los tejidos circundantes , y entre estos son muy frecuentes la mallas. No obstanre el pericardio liofilizado preperitoneal (PLP) es una alternativa sustitutiva y más económica en la reparación de la hernias inguinales

Hernioplastia con pericardio liofilizado preperitoneal / Hernioplasty with preperitoneal lyophilized pericardium

Con el fin de reducir la tasa de recidivas en la reparación quirúrgica de hernias y eventraciones, cada vez es mayor el número de cirujanos que realizan técnicas protésicas utilizando diferentes biomateriales, inertes, reabsorbibles, resistentes y capaces de integrarse en los tejidos circundantes , y entre estos son muy frecuentes la mallas. No obstanre el pericardio liofilizado preperitoneal (PLP) es una alternativa sustitutiva y más económica en la reparación de la hernias inguinales(AU)

Enfisema lobar congénito: Experiencia con 15 casos / Congenital lobar emphysema: experience with 15 cases

El enfisema lobar congénito es una malformación quística congénita del pulmón casi exclusiva de la infancia. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 15 pacientes tratados en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario William Soler durante 10 años, con el objetivo de estudiar el comportamiento clínico y terapéutico. Se encontró que 10 casos correspondieron al sexo femenino (66,66 por ciento) y 5 al masculino (33,33 por ciento); la edad de inicio de los síntomas varió desde menos de 24 horas de nacido hasta 24 semanas y la manifestación clínica más frecuente fue la disnea en 14 pacientes (93,33 por ciento). El lóbulo superior izquierdo estuvo afectado en 9 casos (60,00 por ciento) con mayor gravedad, seguido del lóbulo medio derecho en 5 niños (33,33 por ciento) y el lóbulo superior derecho en uno (6,66 por ciento); la lobectomía se realizó en la mayoría de los casos. Se concluye que esta enfermedad fue más frecuente en el sexo femenino, en menores de 24 semanas y en el lóbulo superior izquierdo; la severidad del cuadro clínico obligó al tratamiento quirúrgico de urgencia en muchos pacientes.

Enfisema lobar congénito: Experiencia con 15 casos / Congenital lobar emphysema: experience with 15 cases

El enfisema lobar congénito es una malformación quística congénita del pulmón casi exclusiva de la infancia. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 15 pacientes tratados en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario "William Soler" durante 10 años, con el objetivo de estudiar el comportamiento clínico y terapéutico. Se encontró que 10 casos correspondieron al sexo femenino (66,66 por ciento) y 5 al masculino (33,33 por ciento); la edad de inicio de los síntomas varió desde menos de 24 horas de nacido hasta 24 semanas y la manifestación clínica más frecuente fue la disnea en 14 pacientes (93,33 por ciento). El lóbulo superior izquierdo estuvo afectado en 9 casos (60,00 por ciento) con mayor gravedad, seguido del lóbulo medio derecho en 5 niños (33,33 por ciento) y el lóbulo superior derecho en uno (6,66 por ciento); la lobectomía se realizó en la mayoría de los casos. Se concluye que esta enfermedad fue más frecuente en el sexo femenino, en menores de 24 semanas y en el lóbulo superior izquierdo; la severidad del cuadro clínico obligó al tratamiento quirúrgico de urgencia en muchos pacientes(AU)