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1.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 30(1): 65-75, mar. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-737572

ABSTRACT

El ensayo de cadenas livianas libres en suero cuantifica los niveles de κ y λ libres. Existen tres indicaciones principales para la medición de cadenas livianas libres en el manejo de pacientes con mieloma múltiple y enfermedades relacionadas. Primero, en el contexto del diagnóstico, donde en combinación con la electroforesis de proteínas en suero y la inmunofijación en suero proporcionan el esquema de tamizaje de mayor sensibilidad, eliminando la necesidad de analizar la orina de 24 horas. Segundo, los valores basales de cadenas livianas libres en suero han mostrado tener valor pronóstico para la mayoría de las gammapatías monoclonales. Tercero, el ensayo de cadenas livianas libres en suero permite un monitoreo cuantitativo y sensible en pacientes con presentación oligosecretora de la enfermedad, incluyendo la AL amiloidosis y cerca del 70% de los pacientes históricamente denominados no secretores. Esta revisión tiene por objeto actualizar la información sobre las aplicaciones de esta importante prueba...


Subject(s)
Humans , Amyloidosis , Immunoglobulin Light Chains/analysis , Multiple Myeloma , Paraproteinemias
2.
Virus Genes ; 42(1): 46-54, 2011 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21053062

ABSTRACT

The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response plays an important role in the control of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication and the establishment of a Th1-CD4+ T cell response against the virus. Despite lacking Major Histocompatibility Complex I (MHC I)-restricted epitopes, the attachment G glycoprotein of RSV enhances CTL activity toward other RSV antigens, and this effect depends on its conserved central region. Here, we report that RSV-G can also improve CTL activity toward antigens from unrelated pathogens such as influenza, and that a mutant form of RSV-G lacking four conserved cysteine residues at positions 173, 176, 182, and 186 fails to enhance CTL responses. Our results indicate that these conserved residues are essential for the wide-spectrum pro-CTL activity displayed by the protein.


Subject(s)
Cysteine/genetics , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology , Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology , Animals , Female , Gene Deletion , Immunity, Cellular , Interferon-gamma/immunology , Lung/pathology , Lung/virology , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mutation , Vaccines, DNA/immunology , Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics , Viral Vaccines/immunology
3.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 28(2): 131-4, 2009 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19131900

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is a well-known protective factor against severe respiratory tract infections. Recently, a gender specific role for human milk has been described in very low birth weight infants and neonates: breast milk protected girls but not boys. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the protective effect of breastfeeding on the severity of acute respiratory infections in full term infants is different for girls and boys. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study of infants seeking medical care for acute respiratory infection. The protective role of breastfeeding against viral pneumonia and hospitalization were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Analyses were adjusted for important confounders. RESULTS: A total of 323 patients were enrolled in this study. Breastfeeding protected girls against pneumonia and hospitalization, but did not protect boys. Nonbreastfeeding females were particularly susceptible to severe acute respiratory infections. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding had a protective effect against severe disease in infant girls experiencing their first symptomatic respiratory infection. Nonbreastfeeding females are at significant risk for severe acute lung disease and should be targeted intensively by breastfeeding campaigns.


Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control , Acute Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Prospective Studies , Sex Factors
4.
Nat Med ; 15(1): 34-41, 2009 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19079256

ABSTRACT

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalization in infants. A formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine was used to immunize children and elicited nonprotective, pathogenic antibody. Immunized infants experienced increased morbidity after subsequent RSV exposure. No vaccine has been licensed since that time. A widely accepted hypothesis attributed the vaccine failure to formalin disruption of protective antigens. Here we show that the lack of protection was not due to alterations caused by formalin but instead to low antibody avidity for protective epitopes. Lack of antibody affinity maturation followed poor Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. This study explains why the inactivated RSV vaccine did not protect the children and consequently led to severe disease, hampering vaccine development for 42 years. It also suggests that inactivated RSV vaccines may be rendered safe and effective by inclusion of TLR agonists in their formulation, and it identifies affinity maturation as a key factor for the safe immunization of infants.


Subject(s)
Antibody Affinity , Lymphocyte Activation/immunology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/complications , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/therapeutic use , Toll-Like Receptors/immunology , Animals , Antibody Affinity/immunology , Disease Progression , Immunotherapy/adverse effects , Immunotherapy/methods , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Knockout , Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/genetics , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/immunology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/adverse effects , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/immunology , Treatment Failure , Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology , Vaccines, Inactivated/therapeutic use , Virus Replication/physiology
5.
Aval. psicol ; 5(2): 135-143, dez. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-469866

ABSTRACT

Aquí describimos el desarrollo y validación de um Inventario de autoeficacia para el estudio (IDAPE), basado en la teoría social-cognitiva de la autoeficacia para el aprendizaje. Existen varias escalas de este tipo, con buenas propiedades psicométricas y ampliante reconocidas, tales como LASSI, MSQL y SELF. Sin embargo, el trabajo de construccíon y/ o adaptación de estas medidas es muy limitado en Argentina. En esta investigación, redactamos 30 ítems relacionados con estrategias autorregulatorias de aprendizaje, los cuales fueron evaluados por un experto a nivel mundial de la Teoría Social Cognitiva. Este conjunto preliminar de ítems fue examinado utilizando análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Estos métodos nos permitieron seleccionar ocho ítems que evidencian una consistencia interna adecuada. El inventario requiere estudios psicométricos adicionales, pero podría utilizarse en investigationes que permitan esclarecer la contribución de la autoeficacia para el aprendizaje para explicar el rendimiento académico en estudiantes secundarios de la región.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Feedback, Psychological , Learning , Self Efficacy
6.
Aval. psicol ; 5(2): 135-143, dez. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-34036

ABSTRACT

Aquí describimos el desarrollo y validación de um Inventario de autoeficacia para el estudio (IDAPE), basado en la teoría social-cognitiva de la autoeficacia para el aprendizaje. Existen varias escalas de este tipo, con buenas propiedades psicométricas y ampliante reconocidas, tales como LASSI, MSQL y SELF. Sin embargo, el trabajo de construccíon y/ o adaptación de estas medidas es muy limitado en Argentina. En esta investigación, redactamos 30 ítems relacionados con estrategias autorregulatorias de aprendizaje, los cuales fueron evaluados por un experto a nivel mundial de la Teoría Social Cognitiva. Este conjunto preliminar de ítems fue examinado utilizando análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Estos métodos nos permitieron seleccionar ocho ítems que evidencian una consistencia interna adecuada. El inventario requiere estudios psicométricos adicionales, pero podría utilizarse en investigationes que permitan esclarecer la contribución de la autoeficacia para el aprendizaje para explicar el rendimiento académico en estudiantes secundarios de la región(AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female
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