Incorporation of germinated lupin into corn-based extrudates: Focus on starch digestibility, matrix structure and physicochemical properties.

The research aimed to assess the effects of incorporating germinated Lupinus angustifolius flour into corn extrudates for different periods (3, 5, and 7 days), focusing on starch digestibility, morphological structure, thermal, and pasting properties. Extrudate with germinated lupinus flour for 7 days (EG7) significantly increased the content of slowly digestible starch up to 10.56% (p < 0.05). Crystallinity increased up to 20% in extrudates with germinated flour compared to extrudates with ungerminated flour (EUG), observing changes at the molecular level by FTIR that impact the thermal and pasting properties. X-ray diffraction revealed angles of 2θ = 11.31, 16.60, 19.91, and 33.04 as a result of the germination and extrusion processes. Microstructural analysis indicated starch-protein interactions influencing changes in calorimetry, viscosity, X-ray diffraction, and digestibility. PCA allowed establishing that the addition of germinated flours significantly affected the properties and microstructural characteristics of extruded products, potentially affecting digestibility and nutritional quality.

Prevalence of ABCB1 3435C>T polymorphism in the Cuban population.

OBJECTIVES: ABCB1 gene polymorphisms can modify P-glycoprotein function with clinical consequences. METHODS: The 3435C>T polymorphism prevalence was analyzed using oligonucleotide probes and next-generation sequencing in 421 unrelated healthy individuals living in Cuba. Data were stratified by gender, ethnic background and residence. The genotype and allelic frequencies were determined. RESULTS: The genotype distribution met the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumption. The allelic frequency was 63.5% for the 3435C variant. The genotype frequencies were 41.1% for CC, 44.9% for CT and 14.0% for TT. The allele and genotype distributions differed between individuals living in La Habana and Santiago de Cuba (p<0.05) when ethnic background was analyzed. The allelic distribution was similar among Admixed and Black subjects, and they differed from Caucasians. The CC genotype was equally distributed among Admixed and Black subjects, and they differed from Caucasians. The TT genotype frequency differed between Caucasians and Admixed. The CT genotype was distributed differently among the three groups. Similar distribution was obtained in Brazilians, whereas some similarities were observed in African, Spanish and Chinese populations, consistent with the mixed Cuban ethnic origin. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report on allele and genotype frequencies of the 3435C>T polymorphism in Cuba, which may support personalized medicine programs.

Physicochemical Characterization of Resistant Starch Type-III (RS3) Obtained by Autoclaving Malanga (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) Flour and Corn Starch.

The feasibility of obtaining resistant starch type III (RS3) from malanga flour (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), as an unconventional source of starch, was evaluated using the hydrothermal treatment of autoclaving. The physicochemical characterization of RS3 made from malanga flour was carried out through the evaluation of the chemical composition, color attributes, and thermal properties. In addition, the contents of the total starch, available starch, resistant starch, and retrograded resistant starch were determined by in vitro enzymatic tests. A commercial corn starch sample was used to produce RS3 and utilized to compare all of the analyses. The results showed that native malanga flour behaved differently in most of the evaluations performed, compared to the commercial corn starch. These results could be explained by the presence of minor components that could interfere with the physicochemical and functional properties of the flour; however, the RS3 samples obtained from malanga flour and corn starch were similar in their thermal and morphological features, which may be related to their similarities in the content and molecular weight of amylose, in both of the samples. Furthermore, the yields for obtaining the autoclaved powders from corn starch and malanga flour were similar (≈89%), which showed that the malanga flour is an attractive raw material for obtaining RS3 with adequate yields, to be considered in the subsequent research.

Chitosan Films Obtained from Brachystola magna (Girard) and Its Evaluation on Quality Attributes in Sausages during Storage.

High molecular weight chitosan (≈322 kDa) was obtained from chitin isolated from Brachystola magna (Girard) to produced biodegradable films. Their physicochemical, mechanical and water vapor permeability (WVP) properties were compared against commercial chitosan films with different molecular weights. Brachystola magna chitosan films (CFBM) exhibited similar physicochemical and mechanical characteristics to those of commercial chitosans. The CFBM films presented lower WVP values (10.01 × 10-11 g/m s Pa) than commercial chitosans films (from 16.06 × 10-11 to 64.30 × 10-11 g/m s Pa). Frankfurt-type sausages were covered with chitosan films and stored in refrigerated conditions (4 °C). Their quality attributes (color, weight loss, pH, moisture, texture and lipid oxidation) were evaluated at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. Sausages covered with CFMB films presented the lowest weight loss (from 1.24% to 2.38%). A higher increase in hardness (from 22.32 N to 30.63 N) was observed in sausages covered with CFMB films. Compared with other films and the control (uncovered sausages), CFMB films delay pH reduction. Moreover, this film presents the lower lipid oxidation level (0.10 malonaldehyde mg/sample kg). Thus, chitosan of B. magna could be a good alternative as packaging material for meat products with high-fat content.

Characterization of insect chitosan films from Tenebrio molitor and Brachystola magna and its comparison with commercial chitosan of different molecular weights.

Insects are considered as alternative sources of chitosan; however, studies about the functional film-forming properties of insect chitosan are scarce. Insect chitosan films were made from Tenebrio molitor and Brachystola magna and were compared with commercial chitosan of different molecular weights (Mw). Mechanical properties (tensile strength, TS; elastic modulus, EM; elongation at break, %E), water vapor permeability (WVP) and physicochemical properties were characterized. The film properties of both commercial and insect chitosan were affected by Mw. Commercial chitosan films showed that at lower Mw, the TS (from 59 to 48 MPa) and EM (from 1471 to 1286 MPa) decreased; whereas WVP (from 2.9 × 10-11 to 3.4 × 10-11 g m-1s-1Pa-1), % E (from 38 to 41%) and solubility (from 30 to 33%) increased. Chitosan insect films showed lower TS and EM, and higher WPV, %E and solubility than commercial films. SEM revealed that chitosan insect films had lower porosity than commercial films. FTIR and X-ray diffraction showed not difference between insect and commercial chitosan films. These results showed that T. molitor and B. magna chitosan films could be used as a packaging material in several food products.

Sobredentadura parcial en adulto mayor con bruxismo / Partial overdenture in older adult with bruxism

Introducción: el bruxismo es un trastorno que causa daños graves al sistema estomatognático, particularmente a la dentadura. La extracción dentaria provoca reabsorciones óseas progresivas de los rebordes alveolares residuales, y ello causa pérdida de la retención y desajustes de las prótesis dentales. Sin embargo, existen tratamientos más conservadores, que permiten mantener en boca las raíces y dientes remanentes, y garantizar la adaptación del paciente a las prótesis.Objetivo: presentar el caso de un paciente adulto mayor diagnosticado de bruxismo excéntrico, con gran pérdida de sustancia dentaria, rehabilitado mediante el empleo de sobredentadura parcial como opción válida de rehabilitación oral.Presentación del caso: paciente masculino de 70 años de edad, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, cardiopatía isquémica y diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Fue remitido desde los servicios básicos estomatológicos a la consulta multidisciplinaria de prótesis de la Clínica Estomatológica Docente de Ciego de Ávila, para definir el tratamiento rehabilitador adecuado a su caso. Ante los riesgos quirúrgicos que presentó, se optó por preservar todos los dientes en boca y la realización de tratamientos pulporradiculares para soportar una sobredentadura parcial removible. Actualmente porta sus prótesis de forma satisfactoria y su calidad de vida ha mejorado.Conclusiones: debido a la pérdida considerable de sustancia dentaria provocada por el bruxismo la mejor opción en el caso de este paciente fue el tratamiento conservador y el empleo de una sobredentadura parcial removible. Esto permitió mejorar la calidad de vida del afectado y se demostró que es una opción válida de rehabilitación oral en estos casos(AU)

Introduction: bruxism is a disorder that causes serious damage to the stomatognathic system, particularly the denture. Dental extraction causes progressive bony reabsorption of the residual alveolar rims, and this causes loss of retention and mismatches of dental prostheses. However, there are more conservative treatments that allow to keep the roots in the mouth and remaining teeth and guarantee the patient's adaptation to prostheses.Objective: to present the case of an older adult patient diagnosed with eccentric bruxism, with great loss of dental substance, rehabilitated by using partial overlay denture as a valid option for oral rehabilitation.Case presentation: a 70-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension, ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He was remitted from the basic stomatological services to the multidisciplinary prosthesis consultation of the Teaching Stomatological Clinic of Ciego de Ávila, to define the rehabilitation treatment appropriate to his case. Given the surgical risks presented, it was decided to preserve all the teeth in the mouth and perform pulporradicular treatments to support a removable partial overlay denture. Currently he carries his prosthesis in a satisfactory way and his quality of life has improved.Conclusions: due to the considerable loss of dental substance caused by bruxism, the best option for this patient was conservative treatment and the use of a removable partial overlay denture. This allowed the patient to improve the quality of life and it was demonstrated that it is a valid option of oral rehabilitation in these cases(AU)

Validation of an analytical method by HPLC applicable to the cuban Mangiferin / Validación de un método analítico por CLAR aplicable a la Mangiferina cubana

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate, in accordance with international standards, a chromatographic method to determine the mangiferin in Cuban’s samples, obtained from Mangifera indica leaves. Materials and Methods: A GraceSmart RP -18 (150 mm x 4,6 mm i.d., 5µm particle size) column and mobile phase of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (0.01 M) pH 2.7 ± 0.2 - acetonitrile (85:15, v/v) with the flow rate of 1,0 mL/min and UV detection at 254 nm wavelength is used. The validated method was compared with the established method for the quality control of the Cuban's mangiferin samples, through the Student test. In the validation study the parameters were evaluated: specificity, precision (repeatability, intermediate precision and reproducibility), accuracy, linearity, robustness and detection and quantification limits. Results and Discussion: It was demonstrated that the developed procedure, was the sufficiently lineal thing, with a detection limit of 10 % and 30 % like quantification limit, specific, precise, exact and robust for the determination of mangiferin content in the Cuban's samples. The results obtained from the validation process provided documentary evidence of the reliability of the chromatographic method; In addition, no significant differences were observed between the chromatographic methods evaluated, so that the validated method can be applied in the quality control of the Cuban's samples. Conclusions: The method used in the quantification of mangiferin was was specific, lineal, precise, exact and robust, for quality control and stability study

Objetivo: Se validó un método cromatográfico para la determinación de Mangiferina en muestras cubanas obtenidas de hojas de Mangiferina indica. Materiales y métodos: Se empleó una columna GraceSmart RP -18 (150 mm x 4,6 mm i.d., 5µm particle size) y una fase móvil de dihidrógeno ortofosfato de potasio (0,01 M) pH 2,7 ± 0,2 - acetonitrilo (85:15, v/v) con un flujo de 1,0 mL/min y una detección UV a 254 nm. El método validado fue comparado con el método establecido para el control de la calidad de las muestras cubanas de mangiferina, mediante la prueba de Student. En el estudio de validación fueron evaluados los parámetros: especificidad, precisión (repetibilidad, precisión intermedia y reproducibilidad), exactitud, linealidad, robustez y límites de cuantificación y detección. Resultados y Discusión: Se demostró que el procedimiento desarrollado, fue lo suficientemente lineal, con un límite de detección de 10 % y 30 % como límite de cuantificación, específico, preciso, exacto y robusto para la determinación del contenido de mangiferina en las muestras cubanas. Los resultados obtenidos en el proceso de validación demostraron a través de pruebas documentales la confiabilidad del método cromatográfico; Además no se observaron diferencias significativas entre los métodos evaluados, el método validado puedo aplicarse en el control de la calidad de las muestras cubanas. Conclusiones: El método usado en la cuantificación de mangiferina resultó específico, lineal, preciso, exacto y robusto y puede ser empleado en el control de la calidad y estudio de estabilidad

Reporte de caso: intoxicación por clorfenapir con desenlace fatal / Report a case: chlorfenapyr intoxication with a fatal ending

El clorfenapir es un insecticida de uso agrícola, cuya ingesta en las personas produce un envenenamiento que a veces es fatal. Se presenta un caso clínico de paciente de sexo masculino con ingesta por vía oral del clorfenapir, con presentación de un cuadro compatible con deterioro neurológico y rabdomiolisis con desenlace fatal a pesar del tratamiento de soporte. El mecanismo de acción de esta substancia es la inhibición de la fosforilación oxidativa en las mitocondrias y se postula que este sea el mecanismo condicionante de la mortalidad en las personas, con lesiones en órganos principales como SNC y musculo, reportados en casos clínicos alrededor del mundo.

Chlorfenapyr is an insecticide for agricultural use, whose ingestion in people produces a poisoning that is sometimes fatal. It is presented a clinical case of a male patient with oral intake of chlorfenapyr, presenting a likeness compatible with neurological deterioration and rhabdomyolysis with fatal outcome despite supportive treatment. The mechanism of action of this substance is the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria and it is postulated that this is the conditioning mechanism of mortality in people, with lesions in major organs such as CNS and muscle, reported in clinical cases around the world.

Repercusión social de un Servicio de Rehabilitación de la Cara y Prótesis Bucomaxilofacial en la provincia Ciego de Ávila / Social repercussion of a Rehabilitation of the Face and Bucomaxillofacial Prosthesis Service in Ciego de Ávila province

Introducción: antes del triunfo de la Revolución los servicios de prótesis bucomaxilofaciales eran prácticamente inexistentes en Cuba. Actualmente en la provincia Ciego de Ávila no existen servicios de rehabilitación bucomaxilofacial, por lo que los pacientes que requieren el empleo de prótesis reciben atención en el Centro de Rehabilitación de la Cara y Prótesis Bucomaxilofacial de la provincia Villa Clara. Objetivo: fundamentar –a partir de su repercusión socialla necesidad de crear el Servicio Provincial de Rehabilitación de la Cara y Prótesis Bucomaxilofacial en Ciego de Ávila.Método: se revisó la bibliografía sobre el tema, correspondiente a los últimos cinco años; a partir de los artículos seleccionados se elaboró la fundamentación. Desarrollo: el tamizaje mediante búsqueda activa efectuado en el período 2010-2014 reveló que de 534 pacientes con defectos bucomaxilofaciales en la provincia, sólo 356 estaban rehabilitados; la mayoría (70 por ciento) de los 178 pacientes no rehabilitados tuvo diversas dificultades para viajar a Villa Clara, debido a los gastos que implican los frecuentes viajes con acompañamiento de un familiar. Conclusiones: la creación de este servicio en la provincia facilitaría a los pacientes el acceso a la rehabilitación en menor tiempo y sin afectación económica personal, la explotación de las potencialidades del servicio para tratar pacientes de otros países posibilitaría la recuperación de la inversión, los profesionales de la especialidad accederían a un campo de investigación nuevo y se impartirían en la provincia los módulos suprimidos del plan curricular de la asignatura Prótesis Bucomaxilofacial en la Tecnología en Prótesis y Atención Estomatológica(AU)

Introduction: before the triumph of the Revolution, the services of oral and maxillofacial prostheses were virtually nonexistent in Cuba. Currently in the province of Ciego de Ávila there are no bucomaxillofacial rehabilitation services, so that patients requiring the use of prostheses receive care at the Center for Rehabilitation of the Face and Bucomaxillofacial Prosthesis in Villa Clara province.Objective: to lay the foundation –based on its social repercussionof the need to create the Provincial Service for Rehabilitation of the Face and Bucomaxillofacial Prosthesis in Ciego de Ávila.Method: the bibliography on the subject was reviewed for the last five years; from the selected articles the foundation was elaborated.Development: screening through active search carried out in 2010-2014 revealed that of 534 patients with buccomaxillofacial defects in the province, only 356 were rehabilitated; the majority (70 percent) of the 178 non-rehabilitated patients had various difficulties to travel to Villa Clara, due to the expenses involved with frequent trips accompanied by a relative.Conclusions: the creation of this service in the province would facilitate to the patients the access to the rehabilitation in less time and without personal economic affectation, the exploitation of the potential of the service to treat patients from other countries would enable the recovery of investment, the professionals of the specialty would accede to a field of new research and would be imparted in the province the modules suppressed of the curricular plan of the subject Bucomaxillofacial Prosthesis in Technology in Prosthetics and Stomatological career(AU)

Láser de baja potencia en el tratamiento de la estomatitis aftosa recurrente / Low-power laser in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Introducción: entre las urgencias periodontales que requieren atención inmediata está la estomatitis aftosa recurrente, debido a las molestias o complicaciones que ocasiona al paciente. Se caracteriza por la aparición de úlceras bucales dolorosas, aisladas o agrupadas, localizadas en los labios, mucosa oral y lengua, y variables en forma, número y tamaño; su evolución es aguda, necrótica y recidivante. Aunque las lesiones curan en pocos días, semanas o meses, los ataques se repiten periódicamente.Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad del láser de baja potencia para el tratamiento de la estomatitis aftosa recurrente.Método: se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorio en pacientes de la Clínica Estomatológica Docente Área Norte de Morón. El universo de estudio abarcó todos los pacientes remitidos al Servicio de Laserterapia en el período de junio de 2014 a diciembre de 2015; se seleccionó una muestra de 76 pacientes, dividida en dos grupos. Los pacientes del Grupo I fueron tratados con láser; en el Grupo II se empleó tratamiento medicamentoso.Resultados: la mayoría de los pacientes fueron de sexo femenino; en ambos sexos la enfermedad fue más frecuente en las edades entre 19 y 34 años. La cara interna de los labios y la lengua fueron los sitios de localización más frecuentes de las lesiones. La respuesta al tratamiento fue satisfactoria en 95,24 por ciento de los pacientes y no se presentaron efectos colaterales. Conclusiones: el láser de baja potencia es altamente efectivo en el tratamiento de la estomatitis aftosa recurrente; no obstante, ésta es sólo una alternativa de tratamiento(AU)

Introduction: among the periodontal emergencies requiring immediate attention is recurrent aphthous stomatitis, due to the discomfort or complications caused to the patient. It is characterized by the appearance of painful oral ulcers, isolated or grouped, located in the lips, oral mucosa and tongue, and variables in form, number and size; its evolution is acute, necrotic and relapsing. Although the lesions heal in a few days, weeks or months, the attacks recur periodically.Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the low-power laser for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.Method: a randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in patients from the Teaching Stomatology Clinic in the North Area of Morón. The study universe covered all patients referred to the Laser Therapy Service from June 2014 to December 2015; a sample of 76 patients was selected, divided into two groups. Group I patients were treated with laser; in Group II, medication treatment was used.Results: the majority of the patients were female; in both sexes the disease was more frequent in the ages between 19 and 34 years. The inner face of the lips and tongue were the most frequent sites of lesions. The response to treatment was satisfactory in 95,24 percent of the patients and there were no side effects. Conclusions: low power laser is highly effective in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis; however, this is only an alternative treatment(AU)

Consideraciones clínico-epidemiológicas de los defectos bucomaxilofaciales y su rehabilitación en el municipio Ciego de Ávila / Clínical-epidemiological considerations of the buccomaxillofacial defects and their rehabilitation in Ciego de Ávila municipality

Introducción: la rehabilitación correcta del paciente con pérdida de estructuras de la cara o de áreas adjuntas a ella posibilita su recuperación física y psicológica y su reintegración normal a la vida social. Las prótesis bucomaxilofaciales de aspecto realista son una excelente alternativa cuando la reconstrucción plástica no es posible; no obstante, su empleo implica la posibilidad de desalojo del aparato por su tamaño, alto peso y ubicación frecuente en zonas de movilidad facial.Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento de algunas variables clínico-epidemiológicas relacionadas con los defectos bucomaxilofaciales y su rehabilitación en el municipio Ciego de Ávila en el período de enero de 2015 a enero de 2016. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en pacientes con defectos bucomaxilofaciales. El universo de estudio abarcó toda la población del municipio, del que se seleccionó una muestra de 59 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se confeccionó un cuestionario para la recogida de datos y los resultados se reflejaron en tablas. Resultados: la prevalencia de pérdida total o parcial de estructuras bucomaxilofaciales fue de 0,043 por ciento; la mayoría de los casos fueron pacientes masculinos, de edades entre 35 y 59 años, tez blanca y con lesiones oculares. Las principales causas de pérdida de estructuras fueron los traumatismos y las lesiones oncológicas. La mayoría de los pacientes estaban rehabilitados. Conclusiones: aún cuando la prevalencia de estos defectos es numéricamente baja, su repercusión psicosocial en los afectados es alta, de ahí la importancia de la atención multidisciplinaria para su eehabilitación(AU)

Introduction: the correct rehabilitation of the patient with loss of face structures or areas attached to it makes possible their physical and psychological recovery and their normal reintegration into social life. Realistic-looking buccomaxillofacial prostheses are an excellent alternative when plastic reconstruction is not possible; however, their use implies the possibility of eviction of the device due to its size, high weight and frequent location in areas of facial mobility. Objective: to determine the behavior of some clinical and epidemiological variables related to bucomaxillofacial defects and their rehabilitation in Ciego de Ávila municipality from January 2015 to January 2016.Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in patients with buccomaxillofacial defects. The universe of study covered the entire population of the municipality, from which a sample of 59 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected. A questionnaire was prepared for the data collection and the results were reflected in tables. Results: the prevalence of total or partial loss of buccomaxillofacial structures was 0,043 percent; the majority of the cases were male patients, aged between 35 and 59 years, white skin and with ocular lesions. The main causes of structures loss were trauma and oncological lesions. Most of the patients were rehabilitated. Conclusions: although the prevalence of these defects is numerically low, its psychosocial impact on those affected is high, hence the importance of multidisciplinary care for rehabilitation(AU)

Tratamiento de la estomatitis subprótesis con láser de arseniuro de galio y aluminio / Treatment of denture stomatitis with laser of gallium arsenide and aluminum

Introducción: la estomatitis subprótesis es la dolencia que con más frecuencia se encuentra en los Servicios de Prótesis Estomatológica, lo que impide iniciar de forma inmediata una rehabilitación protésica.Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia del láser de baja potencia de arseniuro de galio y aluminio en el tratamiento de la estomatitis subprótesis en pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Estomatología del Policlínico Docente Raúl Ortiz Ávila (municipio Ciro Redondo), en el período comprendido del 1 de abril de 2012 al 30 de abril de 2013.Método: se realizó un estudio experimental. El universo abarcó a la población afectada y la muestra quedó conformada por 172 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión; se distribuyeron en dos grupos de tratamiento (Grupo A: láser y retirada de la prótesis; Grupo B: retirada del aparato).Conclusiones: la incidencia de la enfermedad fue del 31,13 por ciento; se observó con mayor frecuencia en el sexo femenino, en el grupo etario de 60 años y más; la localización anatómica fue en el maxilar superior. Al momento del estudio todos los pacientes usaban las prótesis por más tiempo del establecido para su reemplazo; la mayoría de ellos se encontraban asintomáticos y tenían hábitos inadecuados de higiene oral. En ambos grupos predominó el grado II. Los pacientes del grupo A se curaron indistintamente del grado de afección; en el grupo B sólo presentó mejoría el 22,45 por ciento. El tiempo de tratamiento efectivo fue directamente proporcional al grado de afección en ambos grupos; la laserterapia resultó efectiva y sin reacciones adversas(AU)

Introduction: denture stomatitis is the most often found disease in Prosthodontics Services, which prevents an immediate start prosthetic rehabilitation.Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of low power laser of gallium arsenide and aluminum in the treatment of denture stomatitis in patients treated at Stomatology Service of the Teaching Polyclinic Raul Ortiz Ávila (Ciro Redondo municipality), in the period from 1st April 2012 to 30th April 2013.Method: an experimental study was carried out. The universe covered the affected population and the sample was composed of 172 patients who met the inclusion criteria; they were divided into two treatment groups (Group A: laser and removal of the prosthesis; Group B: removal of the apparatus).Conclusions: the incidence of the disease was 31,13 percent; It was observed more frequently in females in the age group of 60 and over; anatomic location was in the upper jaw. At the time of study, all patients wore prostheses longer time than established for replacement; most of them were asymptomatic and had inadequate oral hygiene habits. In both groups predominated grade II. Patients in group A were cured regardless of the degree of affection; in group B only 22,45 percent of patients presented improvement. The effective treatment time was directly proportional to the degree of involvement in both groups; laser therapy was effective without adverse reactions(AU)

Multiparametric evaluation of the cytoprotective effect of the Mangifera indica†L. stem bark extract and mangiferin in HepG2 cells.

OBJECTIVE: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) stem bark extract (MSBE) is a natural product with biological properties and mangiferin is the major component. This paper reported the evaluation of the protective effects of MSBE and mangiferin against the toxicity induced in HepG2 cells by tert-butyl hydroperoxide or amiodarone. METHOD: Nuclear morphology, cell viability, intracellular calcium concentration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured by using a high-content screening multiparametric assay. KEY FINDINGS: MSBE and mangiferin produced no toxicity below 500 mg/ml doses. A marked recovery in cell viability, which was reduced by the toxicants, was observed in cells pre-exposed to MSBE or mangiferin at 5-100 mg/ml doses. We also explored the possible interaction of both products over P-glycoprotein (P-gp). MSBE and mangiferin above 100 mg/ml inhibited the activity of P-gp in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS: MSBE and mangiferin showed cytoprotective effects of against oxidative damage and mitochondrial toxicity induced by xenobiotics to human hepatic cells but it seemed that other constituents of the extract could contribute to MSBE protective properties. In addition, the drug efflux should be taken into account because of the inhibition of the P-gp function observed in those cells exposed to both natural products.

DNA damage induced by an extract of Mangifera indica stem bark using in vitro Comet assay / Daño inducido al ADN por un extracto de la corteza de Mangifera indica mediante un ensayo Cometa in vitro

The aqueous standard extract of Mangifera indica L stem bark (MSBE) is used as a food supplement in Cuba. In this study, the genotoxic effect of MSBE was measured using different variants of the in vitro Comet assay in human lymphocytes and rat hepatocytes incubated with MSBE at 37C for 1 hour. Lymphocytes were incubated with MSBE for the subcellular (at two different pH conditions) and the standard Comet assays, in presence of catalase or S9 microsomal fraction. Hydrogen peroxide, benzo(a)pirene and UV radiation were used as positive controls. Results from standard and subcellular Comet assays clearly showed that MSBE (50 ug/mL) induced primary DNA damage to lymphocytes. This genotoxic effect was slightly reduced when lymphocytes were incubated with MSBE plus catalase, which suggests that hydrogen peroxide is involved in this DNA injury. S9 fraction also decreased MSBE-induced damage to DNA in human lymphocytes. Not genotoxic effect was observed when rat hepatocytes were exposed at MSBE, suggesting that the metabolic activity can be involved in the elimination of the DNA damage generated by the MSBE. In conclusion, MSBE causes primary DNA injury of human lymphocytes in vitro Comet assay, but not in rat hepatocytes in similar conditions.

El extracto acuoso de la corteza de Mangifera indica L. (MSBE) es usado como suplemento alimenticio en Cuba. En este estudio se determinaron los efectos genotóxicos de MSBE mediante diferentes variantes del ensayo Cometa in vitro en linfocitos humanos y hepatocitos de rata incubados con MSBE a 37C por 1 hora. Los linfocitos fueron incubados con MSBE para la realización de los ensayos Cometa subcelular (a dos condiciones de pH diferentes) y estándar, en presencia de catalasa o fracción microsomal S9. Peróxido de hidrógeno, benzo(a)pireno y radiación UV fueron usados como controles positivos. Los resultados de los ensayos Cometa, tanto subcelular como estándar, mostraron que MSBE (50 ug/mL) indujo daño primario al ADN de los linfocitos. Este efecto genotóxico fue ligeramente reducido cuando las células fueron incubadas con MSBE más catalasa, lo que sugiere que el peróxido de hidrógeno está involucrado en este daño al ADN. La fracción S9 también decreció el daño inducido por MSBE al ADN en linfocitos humanos. No fueron observados efectos genotóxicos cuando los hepatocitos de rata fueron expuestos a MSBE, sugiriendo que la actividad metabólica pudiera estar involucrada en la eliminación del daño al ADN generado por MSBE. En conclusión, MSBE causa daño primario al ADN de linfocitos humanos en el ensayo Cometa in vitro, pero no en hepatocitos de rata bajo condiciones similares.

Mangiferin and its traversal into the brain.

Mangiferin, the main active substance of the mango tree bark (Mangifera indica L.), is known for its use in natural medicine, not only as a health enhancing panacea or adjunct therapeutic, but also for brain functions improvement. In this context, we deemed it worthwhile to establish whether mangiferin could traverse into the brain after systemic administration; an essential piece of information for the rational use of a compound as a neurotherapeutic, remaining so far inconclusive regarding mangiferin. We addressed this issue by studying recoverability of mangiferin in membrane and cytosolic fractions of rat brain homogenates after its intraperitoneal administration in a dose of 300 mg/kg. We used three preparations of mangiferin of decreasing purity to find out whether its penetration to the brain could have to do with the possible presence of contaminants. The qualitative methods of thin-layered-chromatography and UV/VIS spectrophotometry were employed in this study. The results were clearly negative, as we failed to trace mangiferin in the brain fractions with either method, which makes it unlikely that the compound traverse the blood-brain barrier after being systemically administered. We conclude that it is improbable that mangiferin could act via direct interaction with central neural components, but rather has peripheral, target specific functions which could be secondarily reflected in brain metabolism.

Mangifera indica L. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes.

The aqueous stem bark extract of Mangifera indica L. (MSBE) has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. In previous studies, we showed that MSBE and mangiferin, its main component, lower the activity of some cytochrome P-450 (P450) enzymes in rat hepatocytes and human liver microsomes. In the present study, the effects of MSBE and mangiferin on several P450 enzymes and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in human-cultured hepatocytes have been examined. After hepatocytes underwent a 48-h treatment with sub-cytotoxic concentrations of the products (50-250 µg/mL), a concentration-dependent decrease of the activity of the five P450 enzymes measured (CYP1A2, 2A6, 2C9, 2D6 and 3A4) was observed. For all the activities, a reduction of at least 50% at the highest concentration (250 µg/mL) was observed. In addition, UGT activities diminished. MSBE considerably reduced UGT1A9 activity (about 60% at 250 µg/mL) and lesser effects on the other UGTs. In contrast, 250 µg/mL mangiferin had greater effects on UGT1A1 and 2B7 than on UGT1A9 (about 55% vs. 35% reduction, respectively). Quantification of specific mRNAs revealed reduced CYP3A4 and 3A5 mRNAs content, and an increase in CYP1A1, CYP1A2, UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 mRNAs. No remarkable effects on the CYP2A6, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 2E1 levels were observed. Our results suggest that the activity and/or expression of major P450 and UGT enzymes is modulated by MSBE and that potential herb-drugs interactions could arise after a combined intake of this extract with conventional medicines. Therefore, the potential safety risks of this natural product derived by altering the ADMET properties of co-administered drugs should be examined.

Antioxidation and the hypoxic ventilatory response.

Reactive oxygen species favor the reductive state of iron. Antioxidation, by depleting biologically active ferrous iron, could then have a stabilizing effect, akin to hypoxia, on HIF-1α; the process which controls the genetic responses to hypoxia. However, the influence of antioxidation on the hypoxic ventilatory responses (HVR) is unclear. In this study we set out to determine the influence of mangiferin, a natural polyphenolic compound present in mango trees, with strong antioxidant and iron chelating properties, on the HVR. The study was performed in awake Wistar rats. Acute HVR to 12% and 8% FiO(2) before and 40 min after mangiferin (300 mg/kg, i.p.) pretreatment were recorded plethysmographically. We found that mangiferin significantly dampened the HVR over its course. To distinguish between the scavenging and chelating mechanisms of mangiferin we reinvestigated its effects on the HVR in a separate group of rats after chronic antecedent iron chelation with ciclopirox olamine (20 mg/kg daily for 1 week). The dampening effect on the HVR of mangiferin was preserved in the pre-chelated rats, which points to the preponderance of the antioxidant over chelating properties of mangiferin in its ventilatory effects. Although the exact determinants of mangiferin action remain unclear, the study suggests a role for oxidative signaling in the peripheral chemosensory processing of the HVR. The study also implies the possible clinical use of the antioxidant mangiferin in the regulation of lung ventilation.

Case series in patients with zoster-associated pain using Mangifera indica L. extract.

BACKGROUND: Neuroimmune activation has been proposed as a source of new targets for therapeutic intervention in neuropathic pain. Vimang® is an aqueous extract from Mangifera indica L. (common mango) that is traditionally used in Cuba for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunomodulatory properties. In the present case report, we determine its potential effects in patients with zoster-associated pain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 12 patients with zoster-associated pain (6 with subacute herpetic neuralgia and 6 with post-herpetic neuralgia) received a daily dose of 1,800 mg of extract (2 coated 300 mg tablets, 3 times daily before meals) together with low doses of amitriptyline (10-25 mg/day) for 120 days. In addition to the tablets, patients used Vimang® cream 1.2% as a topical agent. The average daily pain score using the Likert scale, area and rate of dynamic allodynia, rate of thermal allodynia, and frequency of burning spontaneous pain were evaluated. RESULTS: Pain scores and sensory abnormalities decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with respect to baseline data from week 4. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Vimang® could be beneficial in the treatment of neuropathic pain. However, a controlled clinical trial is necessary to confirm this hypothesis.

Report of cases in patients with acute herpetic neuralgia using a Mangifera indica extract

It has been accepted that neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and glial activation are involved in the central sensitization underlying neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Vimang® is the brand name of an aqueous extract of Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae, traditionally used in Cuba for its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, analgesic, and immunomodulatory properties. In the present study, we determined the possible effects of Vimang formulations in acute herpes zoster (n=12) patients, that received a daily dose of 1800 mg of extract (two coated Vimang tablets, 300 mg each, three times daily before meals) associated to low doses of amitriptyline (10-25 mg/d). In addition to the tablets, they utilized compresses containing Vimang dissolution at 2 percent on skin lesions for thirty days. The average daily pain score using a Likert scale and variations in concomitant drug daily dosage were determined. The analgesic effect was observed from week 1 (p<0.001) with respect to baseline data and none showed post-herpetic neuralgia. Significant reduction of antidepressant medication (p<0.01) and analgesic rescue dosages (p=0.0035) with respect to the initial daily dosage were showed. No adverse events were reported. The results obtained in this report of cases suggest that Vimang supplementation might be beneficial to prevent and treat neuropathic pain.

Immunopharmacology 2011: an updated report of clinical achievements and perspectives.

On 26-30 June 2011 the Cuban Society of Pharmacology organized the Second International Congress on Immunopharmacology (Immunopharmacology 2011), held at the beautiful Convention Centre 'Plaza América' and the Meliá Varadero Hotel, in Varadero beach, Cuba. The main topics of the congress were immunopharmacology (including inflammation, cancer immunotherapy and immunomodulation), neuroimmunology, and the pharmacology of cytochrome P450 and transporters, among other relevant and updated related topics. Immunopharmacology 2011 offered an outstanding scientific program with the active contribution of 90 speakers from 23 foreign countries, as well as more than 170 Cuban researchers from the most important local institutions devoted to the development of immunology and pharmacology sciences.