[Retroperitoneal malignant fibrous histiocytoma with contiguous organs infiltration]. / Histiocitoma fibroso maligno retroperitoneal con infiltración de organos vecinos.

Retroperitoneal tumours are extremely rare neoplasms, most of them malignant. We described the case of a 48-year-old man with a large retroperitoneal mass detected during the study of a constitutional syndrome. The mass was treated surgerically and pathological diagnosis was malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Literature is reviewed and clinical features, histological findings, radiological techniques and therapeutic management are analyzed.

[Conservative approach in major renal trauma]. / Manejo conservador de los traumatismos renales de alto grado.

INTRODUCTION: Genitourinary trauma amount to an 8-10% of abdominal trauma with the kidney being the most affected organ in 50% of cases, especially the left one. The choice of treatment will depend on the kind of lesion found in the affected renal unit and on the patient's clinical conditions. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study are twofold: to determine the applicability of conservative treatment in major renal trauma and to assess the evaluation and emergence of possible complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have analysed 309 cases of renal trauma dealt with in our department between January 1984 and January 2006, analyzing such variables as the etiology of the trauma, associated lesions in other organs, the therapeutic approach adopted as well as the presence of complications, both in the long and short run. RESULTS: Out of a total of 309 renal trauma analyzed, a 94.1% (291 cases) were blunt renal trauma. The distribution by grade was: Grade I, 213 cases (69%); Grade II, 39 cases (12.6%); Grade III/IV, 32 cases (10.3%); Grade V, 25 cases (8%). We have given a conservative approach in the 84.6% of the grade III/IV cases (24 cases). 4 grade III nephrectomies were carried out in the Emergency Room because of haemodynamic instability, other 4 grade IV nephrectomies were done for the same reason, one of which was a partial nephrectomy, 48-72 hours after the trauma. The treatment for grade V was nephrectomy in 67%. CONCLUSIONS: According to our experience and in the light of the results obtained, we consider the conservative approach adequate for major renal trauma as long as the patient is haemodynamically stable.

[Incidental renal cancer in young adults: clinical and histopathological findings]. / Cancer renal incidental en pacientes menores de 40 años: hallazgos clinicos e histopatológicos.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the clinical and pathological renal cancer (CR) characteristics in our series of tumours, analyzing its impact in the group of age less than 40 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 294 patients with CR. The pathologic characteristics were analyzed and DNA ploidy pattern of the surgical pieces were done in 252 patients. The patients were divided in two groups based on age, greater or less to 40 years, well then clinical and pathologic characteristics were compared between. RESULTS: Of all patients, 26 of 294 patients (8,94%) were included in the young age group (less to 40 years). We did not found differences between both groups comparing stage, tumoral volume, treatment realized or DNA ploidy pattern, but in nuclear grade with more aggressive tumours in young people (p=0,0018), without differences in recurrence-free survival or actuarial disease specific survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: The findings in our study indicate that the natural history and outcome of the RC is similar in both older and younger patients. Therefore, in our opinion, the management of CR in young people should be established with independence of the age.

Histiocitoma fibroso maligno retroperitoneal con infiltración de órganos vecinos / Retroperitoneal malignant fibrous histiocytoma with contiguous organs infiltration

Los tumores retroperitoneales primarios son neoformaciones extremadamente raras, de naturaleza maligna en la mayoría de los casos. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 48 años con una gran masa retroperitoneal detectada durante el estudio de un síndrome constitucional. La masa fue tratada quirúrgicamente y el diagnóstico anatomopatológico fue de histiocitoma fibroso maligno. Realizamos una revisión de la literatura y analizamos su presentación clínica, hallazgos histológicos, pruebas diagnósticas de imagen y manejo terapéutico

Retroperitoneal tumours are extremely rare neoplasms, most of them malignant. We described the case of a 48-year-old man with a large retroperitoneal mass detected during the study of a constitutional syndrome. The mass was treated surgerically and pathological diagnosis was malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Literature is reviewed and clinical features, histological findings, radiological techniques and therapeutic management are analyzed

Manejo conservador de los traumatismos renales de alto grado / Conservative approach in major renal trauma

Introducción: Los traumatismos genitourinarios constituyen el 8-10% de los traumatismos abdominales y en el 50% de los casos es el riñón el órgano más afectado, sobretodo el izquierdo. La decisión de adoptar un tratamiento conservador o quirúrgico en estos casos dependerá del tipo de lesión que encontremos en la unidad renal afecta y de las condiciones clínicas del paciente. Objetivo: Los objetivos del estudio son determinar la posibilidad de llevar acabo un tratamiento conservador en los traumatismos renales de alto grado y estudiar la evaluación y aparición de complicaciones en los mismos. Material y métodos: Hemos analizado retrospectivamente los 309 casos de traumatismos renales acontecidos en nuestro Servicio en el período de tiempo comprendido entre Enero 1984 y Enero 2006, estudiando variables como la etiología del traumatismo, lesiones asociadas en otros órganos, actitud terapéutica adoptada y presencia de complicaciones, tanto a largo como a corto plazo. Resultados: De los 309 traumatismos renales analizados, el 94,1% (291 casos) fueron traumatismos renales cerrados o contusos. La distribución por grados del total de traumatismos fue: Grado I: 213 casos (69%), grado II: 39 casos (12.6%), grados III y IV: 32 casos (10,3%) y grado V: 25 casos (8%). Realizamos tratamiento conservador en el 84,6% de los casos etiquetados como grados III y grado IV (24 casos en total). Se practicaron 4 nefrectomías de urgencia en los grado III por inestabilidad hemodinámica y 4 nefrectomías en grados IV por el mismo motivo, una de ellas parcial, diferidas a las 48- 72 horas del traumatismo. En 67% de los traumatismos grado V se realizó nefrectomía de urgencia. Conclusiones: De acuerdo a nuestra experiencia y a los resultados obtenidos, consideramos adecuado el manejo conservador en los traumatismos renales de alto grado siempre y cuando las condiciones hemodinámicas del paciente lo permitan

Introduction: Genitourinary trauma amount to an 8-10% of abdominal trauma with the kidney being the most affected organ in 50% of cases, especially the left one. The choice of treatment will depend on the kind of lesion found in the affected renal unit and on the patient’s clinical conditions. Objective: The aims of this study are twofold: to determine the applicability of conservative treatment in major renal trauma and to assess the evaluation and emergence of possible complications. Material and methods: We have analysed 309 cases of renal trauma dealt with in our department between January 1984 and January 2006, analyzing such variables as the etiology of the trauma, associated lesions in other organs, the therapeutic approach adopted as well as the presence of complications, both in the long and short run. Results: Out of a total of 309 renal trauma analyzed, a 94,1% (291 cases) were blunt renal trauma. The distribution by grade was: Grade I, 213 cases (69%); Grade II, 39 cases (12,6%); Grade III/ IV, 32 cases (10,3%); Grade V, 25 cases (8%). We have given a conservative approach in the 84,6% of the grade III/ IV cases (24 cases). 4 grade III nephrectomies were carried out in the Emergency Room because of haemodynamic instability, other 4 grade IV nephrectomies were done for the same reason, one of which was a partial nephrectomy, 48-72 hours after the trauma. The treatment for grade V was nephrectomy in 67%. Conclusions: According to our experience and in the light of the results obtained, we consider the conservative approach adequate for major renal trauma as long as the patient is haemodynamically stable

Megaprepucio congénito: diagnóstico y manejo terapéutico / congenital megaprepuce: diagnosis and terapeutic management

Objetivo: Analizar la presentación clínica, diagnóstico y manejo terapéutico del megaprepucio congénito (MC). Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de los 4 casos de MC diagnosticados y tratados en nuestro Servicio desde octubre 1997 hasta abril de 2005, describiendo el diagnóstico y la técnica quirúrgica empleada en todos ellos. Conclusiones: El MC es una condición infrecuente, que puede confundirse con otras patologías, que es necesario reconocer y tratar correctamente por parte del Urólogo

Objetive: To analize the clinical presentation, diagnosis and surgical management of congenital megaprepuce (CM). Material and methods: We have made a retrospective study of four cases of CM diagnosed and treated in our centre between october 1997 and april 2005. We studied the diagnosis and surgical treatment. Conclusions: CM is an infrecuent condition that can be confused with others pathologies. It´s necessary to diagnose and treat it correctly

[Leiomyoma of renal pelvis]. / Leiomioma de pelvis renal.

Renal leiomyoma are uncommon mesenchymal tumours, which can arise from any organ of the genitourinary tract with smooth muscle cells. The diagnostic imaging techniques available can not differentiated easily leiomyoma from other malignant renal masses. Since preoperative diagnosis cannot be made, management usually involves radical nephrectomy as in the case described. After treatment, prognosis is excellent.

[Traumatic testicular dislocation]. / Dislocación testicular postraumática.

Testicular dislocation is an uncommon injury after blunt scrotal trauma (with only 150 cases reported) that must be properly diagnosed and treat in order to avoid a testicular atrophy. We presented a case report of traumatic dislocation of right testicle after a motorcycle accident. This type of testicular injury should be included in the whole evaluation of every polytrauma patient and usually requires a surgical treatment. The aim of this report is to clarify some aspects of the management of such rare entity.

[Evaluation of pT3a stage in the current classification for renal cancer]. / Evaluación del estudio pT3a de la actual clasificación TNM del cáncer renal.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the prognostic value of a stage pT3a diagnosis based on perirrenal fat infiltration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A series of 300 patients diagnosed of renal cell carcinoma (CCR) between 1992 and 2001 were retrospectively analyzed. Focusing on pT3a tumors as defined by perirrenal fat infiltration, a group of 92 patients (91,08%) regardless lymph node involvement (Nall) were included. Patients with distant metastases were excluded. In patients with pT3a Nall M0 tumors, tumour size was a significant parameter predicting survival. The most significant cut-off value for tumor size based on ROC curve was 5,5 cm. Therefore two groups were defined (up to 5,5 cm or greater than 5,5 cm) and actuarial survival were compared between both groups. RESULTS: No significant differences were found comparing actuarial survival of selected pT3a and tumour size less than 5,5 cm with pT1 and pT2 tumors. After classifying selected pT3a less than 5,5 cm as pT1, multivariate analysis showed no differences regarding to prognostic variables before and after classification. Subsequently multivariate analysis showed that modified T stage was an independent significant predictor of cancer specific actuarial survival. CONCLUSIONS: Perirrenal fat infiltration in renal cell carcinoma should not be used to assign T category. In our series grading tumors pT3a lesser than 5,5 cm as pT1/pT2 TNM stage does not affect their prognostic value.

[Double J catheter loop as consequence of endourologic procedure: case report]. / Bucle intrapiélico con catéter doble J en procedimiento endourológico: a propósito de un caso.

We present a report of a patient that had a iatrogenic double J catheter loop after endourology procedure (neumatic balloon dilatation of ureteral estenosis) as well as its therapeutic management.

[Renal cancer in elderly: clinical and histopathological findings]. / Cáncer renal incidental en pacientes de edad geriátrica: hallazgos clínicos e histopatológicos.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the clinical and pathological characteristics of the CCR in our series of tumors, analyzing its impact in the group of age greater than 65 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 300 patients with renal adenocarcinoma (CCR) were studied. In 252, ploidy pattern of DNA and pathologic characteristics of the surgical pieces were done. According to the criteria of the Spanish Society of Geriatrics, the patients were divided in two groups based on the age, greater and smaller of 65 years. The clinical and pathologic characteristics were compared between both groups. RESULTS: 103 of the 300 patients (33.3%) were included in the geriatric group. We did not found differences between both groups comparing stage, tumoral volume or treatment realized, but found differences in DNA ploidy pattern, recurrences and survey. CONCLUSIONS: The RCC in the elderly has a few clinical and pathological characteristics similar to the rest of patients in our series. Nevertheless differences exist in the average and actuarial survival, which is minor in the patient of more than 65 years, cause the percentage of detected aneuploidies and number of recurrences in not confined tumors in this group of age.

Dislocación testicular postraumática / Traumatic testicular dislocation

Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente politraumatizado, conductor de motocicleta, con dislocación testicular derecha. Se trata de una lesión infrecuente tras traumatismo contuso que requiere diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz con el fin de evitar la atrofia testicular. Esta lesión deberá tenerse en cuenta en toda evaluación del politraumatizado, requiriendo tratamiento quirúrgico. El objetivo del caso clínico es aportar un nuevo caso a la literatura, siendo este el sexto caso publicado por autores españoles, con el fin de clarificar el manejo y tratamiento

Testicular dislocation is an uncommon injury after blunt scrotal trauma (with only 150 cases reported) that must be properly diagnosed and treat in order to avoid a testicular atrophy. We presented a case report of traumatic dislocation of right testicle after a motorcycle accident. This type of testicular injury should be included in the whole evaluation of every polytrauma patient and usually requires a surgical treatment. The aim of this report is to clarify some aspects of the management of such rare entity

Cáncer renal incidental en pacientes de edad geriátrica: hallazgos clínicos e histopatológicos / Renal cancer in elderly: clinical and histopathological findings

Objetivo: evaluar las características clínicas y patológicas del CCR en nuestra serie de tumores, analizando su impacto en el grupo de edad de mayores de 65 años. Material y método: Se estudiaron 300 pacientes con adenocarcinoma renal (CCR). En 252 se realizó un estudio del ADN tumoral mediante citometría de flujo e histopatológico de las piezas quirúrgicas. Según los criterios de la Sociedad Española de Geriatría, los pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos en función de la edad, mayores y menores de 65 años. Las características clínicas e histopatológicas fueron comparadas entre ambos grupos. También encontramos diferencias significativas al comparar la supervivencia actuarial cáncer específica de modo global, con mayor supervivencia de los pacientes menores de 65 años Resultados: De los 300 pacientes, 103 (33,3%) se incluyeron en el grupo de edad geriátrica. No hallamos diferencias significativas entre los grupos al comparar estadio, tamaño tumoral o tratamiento realizado, aunque encontramos un mayor índice de recidivas en los pacientes de edad geriátrica. El análisis del DNA evidenció un mayor porcentaje de aneuplodías en el grupo en edad geriátrica. La supervivencia actuarial cáncer específica fue superior en el grupo de menos de 65 años. Conclusiones: El CCR en la edad geriátrica, tiene unas características clínicas y patológicas similares al resto de pacientes en nuestra serie. Sin embargo existen diferencias en la supervivencia media y actuarial, que es menor en el paciente de más de 65 años por el mayor porcentaje de aneuploidías detectado y la mayor tasa de recidivas en tumores organoconfinados en este grupo de edad

Objetive: to evaluate the clinical and pathological characteristics of the CCR in our series of tumors, analyzing its impact in the group of age greater than 65 years. Material and methods: 300 patients with renal adenocarcinoma (CCR) were studied. In 252, ploidy pattern of DNA and pathologic characteristics of the surgical pieces were done. According to the criteria of the Spanish Society of Geriatrics, the patients were divided in two groups based on the age, greater and smaller of 65 years. The clinical and pathologic characteristics were compared between both groups. Results: 103 of the 300 patients (33.3%) were included in the geriatric group. We did not found differences between both groups comparing stage, tumoral volume or treatment realized, but found differences in DNA ploidy pattern, recurrences and survey. Conclusions: The RCC in the elderly has a few clinical and pathological characteristics similar to the rest of patients in our series. Nevertheless differences exist in the average and actuarial survival, which is minor in the patient of more than 65 years, cause the percentage of detected aneuploidies and number of recurrences in not confined tumors in this group of age

[Congenital megaprepuce: diagnosis and terapeutic management]. / Megaprepucio congénito: diagnóstico y manejo terapéutico.

OBJECTIVE: [corrected] To analize the clinical presentation, diagnosis and surgical management of congenital megaprepuce (CM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have made a retrospective study of four cases of CM diagnosed and treated in our centre between october 1997 and april 2005. We studied the diagnosis and surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: CM is an infrecuent condition that can be confused with others pathologies. It's necessary to diagnose and treat it correctly.

[Role of chronic prostatic infiltrate from specimens of prostate biopsy in total and free PSA determination]. / Influencia de la inflamación crónica prostática en muestras de biopsia sextante en los niveles séricos de PSA total y PSA libre.

PURPOSE: To analyze the influence in total serum PSA (PSA(t)) and free PSA (PSA(1)) of chronic inflammatory patterns from prostate biopsy specimens of non-symptomatic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 518 non-symptomatic patients underwent ultrasonography and prostatic biopsy for PSA(t) > 4 ng/mL and/or DRE suspicious of malignancy. Those with a negative biopsy were divided into two subgroups: patients with benign prostatic lesions (LBP) and patients with chronic inflammatory signs (SIC). RESULTS: 456 patients (88.03%) were biopsied for elevated PSA(t) or/and DRE suspicious of malignancy in 62 patients (11.97%). Mean volume in patients with LBP was 54cc, while 51cc was the mean volume in patients with histological pattern of chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Mean PSA(t) in patients with LBP was 9.43 (IC 95% +/- 7.8) and 8.8 (IC 95% +/- 5.73) in SIC's group patients. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of SIC has no significant influence in the eventual value of PSA(1) y PSA(t) in a selected population. As a result of that finding data from serum PSA can be reliably evaluated even in the presence of SIC in biopsy specimens.