ABSTRACT
Oncologists need excellent communication skills to effectively handle challenging conversations regarding prognosis, transition to palliative care, code status, and other sensitive topics. Foundational skills include: 1) posing open-ended, exploratory questions, 2) allowing for appropriate silence in the conversation, 3) listening actively, 4) recognizing emotions, 5) responding to emotions with empathy rather than biomedical information, and 6) speaking with clarity by avoiding technical jargon and offering small chunks of information. Conversations about sensitive topics can be particularly challenging with geriatric patients, who experience functional and sensory limitations. The risk-benefit ratio of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions tips precariously in older patients as many develop geriatric syndromes. Older cancer patients have the unique perspective of looking back on a long life and looking forward to impending death. Higher order skills can be very powerful in helping geriatric cancer patients find meaning and dignity at the end of life. These skills include exploring spirituality and coping strategies and engaging the patient in conversation and reflection about their legacy.
