ABSTRACT
Chemical transformations of eremantholide C (1), a sesquiterpene lactone that was isolated from Lychnophora trichocarpha Spreng. led to five new derivatives: 1',2'- epoxyeremantholide C (2), 5-n-propylamine-4,5-dihydro-1',2'-epoxyeremantholide C (3), 5-n-propylammonium-4,5-dihydro-1',2'-epoxyeremantholide C chloride (4), 5-n-propylammonium-4,5-dihydroeremantolide C chloride (5) and 16-O-ethyleremantholide C (6). The structures of all these derivatives were assigned on the basis of IR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR data by 1D and 2D techniques. Eremantholide C and the derivatives 2, 4 and 5 were evaluated against trypomastigotes Y and CL strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Eremantholide C completely inhibited the growth of both the parasites strains while all derivatives were partially active against the CL strain and inactive against the Y strain.
Subject(s)
Asteraceae/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology , Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effects , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Parasitic Sensitivity Tests , Sesquiterpenes/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
The chemical transformations of eremantholide C (1), a trypanocidal sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Lychnophora trichocarpha Spreng., gave five new oxide derivatives: 3'-hydroxyeremantholide C (2), 1'-formyleremantholide C (3), 1'-carboxyeremantholide C (4), 1'-carbomethoxyeremantholide C (5) and sodium 1'-carboxylate of eremantholide C (6). The (1)H and (13)C NMR data of all these derivatives were assigned based on 1D and 2D techniques. The derivatives were evaluated against Y and CL strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. All of them were inactive against the Y strain. Compounds 2 and 5 displayed 100% activity on the CL strain while compounds 4 and 6 were partially active on the CL strain.
Subject(s)
Lactones/chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/standards , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes/chemistry , Trypanocidal Agents/chemistry , Animals , Asteraceae/chemistry , Carbon Isotopes , Lactones/isolation & purification , Lactones/pharmacology , Molecular Conformation , Parasitic Sensitivity Tests , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Protons , Reference Standards , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sesquiterpenes/chemical synthesis , Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology , Species Specificity , Stereoisomerism , Trypanocidal Agents/isolation & purification , Trypanocidal Agents/pharmacology , Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effectsABSTRACT
The triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of coffee beans (Coffea canephora P.) was determined by reversed phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. The TAGs were separated on a Microsorb RP C-18 column in series with a Supelcosil RP C-18 column using isocratic elution with acetonitrile/2-propanol/hexane (v/v/v, 57:38:5) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min for 100 min. Under these conditions, 13 TAGs were identified (elution order): trilinoleyl-glycerol (LLL, 11.76%), dilinolenoyl-palmitoyl-glycerol (PLnLn, 2.94%), dilinoleyl-oleyl-glycerol (OLL, 7.77%), dilinoleyl-palmitoyl-glycerol (PLL, 25.90%), dipalmitoyl-linolenoyl-glycerol (PPLn, 1.66%), dioleoyl-linoleyl-glycerol (OOL, 1.68%), dilinoleyl-stearyl-glycerol (SLL, 8.28%), palmitoyl-oleyl-linoleyl-glycerol (POL, 8.76%), dipalmitoyl-linoleyl-glycerol (PPL, 13.74%), dilinoleyl-arachidyl-glycerol (ALL, 3.51%), trioleoyl-glycerol (OOO, 2.33%), palmitoyl -linoleyl-stearyl -glycerol (PLS, 8.73%), and distearoyl-linolenonyl-glycerol (SSLn, 2.91%). The relative composition (%) was obtained directly from the data system with the photodiode array detector.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Coffea/chemistry , Seeds/chemistry , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Triglycerides/analysisABSTRACT
Phytochemical investigation of a hexane extract of the aerial parts of Plectranthus ornatus yielded three new neoclerodane diterpenoids (1-3), two labdane diterpenes (4 and 5) obtained for the first time as natural products, and several previously known substances. The structures and relative stereochemistry of 1-5 were established mainly on the basis of NMR spectroscopic studies and by comparison with related compounds.
Subject(s)
Diterpenes/isolation & purification , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Plectranthus/chemistry , Brazil , Diterpenes/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, BiomolecularABSTRACT
Office practices are very busy places. However, a large degree of inefficiency and wasted effort is embedded in all of that activity. Improving efficiency enhances an office's ability to provide care in a more organized, comfortable environment for clinicians, staff, and patients alike. It improves access to care and allows more time to be spent on important clinical issues. Improving efficiency improves an office's work capacity without adding resources and, therefore, improves its financial performance as well.
Subject(s)
Efficiency, Organizational , Family Practice/organization & administration , Office Management/standards , Family Practice/standardsABSTRACT
In light of rapid changes, there is hope that medical practices can keep up. Authors Mary Ann Moore, M.S., M.P.H., and Sherry Anderson Delio, M.P.A., H.S.A., explore the role that leadership plays in improving practice quality through the establishment of practice management programs.
Subject(s)
Group Practice/standards , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Data Collection , Group Practice/organization & administration , Leadership , Planning Techniques , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data , Task Performance and Analysis , United StatesABSTRACT
Foram estudados 23 cäes mestiços, submetidos à toracotomia, circulaçäo extracorpórea hipotérmica (28-C), cardioplegia e parada cardíaca com três horas de duraçäo. Estes animais foram distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: Grupo I - sete cäes submetidos à perfusäo coronária com 6 ml/Kg de peso corpóreo de soluçäo de Ringer com pH corrigido para 7,5 - 7,7 por bicarbonato de sódio; Grupo II - oito cäes submetidos à cardioplegia com soluçäo de Ringer (pH 7,5 - 7,7_ acrescida de potássio (concentraçäo de 25,0 mEq/1); Grupo III oito cäes estudados com nova soluçäo cardioplégica
