ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To date, no predictive factors are recognized and applied in the therapeutic choice for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Due to significant side-effects and costs, which are relevant issues in this setting, optimization of treatments has become a priority. CASE REPORT: We herein report a case of complete remission of metastatic renal cell carcinoma after 1 year of treatment with sunitinib. Since pancreatic metastases were detected by a 68Ga-DOTA-NOC positron emission tomography, it was decided to perform a histological revision of the specimens, with immunohistochemical staining for neuroendocrine markers on the primary tumor. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the detection of neuroendocrine markers on the primary neoplasm, together with pancreatic metastases positive on a 68Ga-DOTA-NOC positron emission tomography (PET), we hypothesize and discuss about a potential role of specific neuroendocrine markers as predictive indicators of response to sunitinib (and allegedly to other target therapies) in the treatment of this neoplasm.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy , Indoles/therapeutic use , Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy , Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Pyrroles/therapeutic use , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Nephrectomy , Pancreatic Neoplasms/secondary , Positron-Emission Tomography , SunitinibABSTRACT
TURP has been considered the gold standard for surgical treatment of BPH for many years. Symptoms relief, improvement in maximum flow rate and reduction of post void residual urine have been reported in several experiences. Nevertheless, concerns have been reported in terms of safety outcomes: intracapsular perforation, TUR syndrome, bleeding. In the recent years the use of new forms of energy and devices such as bipolar resector, Ho: YAG and potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser are challenging the role of traditional TURP for BPH surgical treatment. In 1999 TURP represented 81% of surgical treatment for BPH versus 39% in 2005. We have analyzed guidelines and recent literature to evaluate the role of the most relevant new surgical approaches compared to TURP for the treatment of BPH.
