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1.
Swiss Dent J ; 134(2): 145-160, 2024 Apr 05.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38739775

ABSTRACT

Patienten, welche an chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen leiden, weisen häufig eine orale Manifestation auf. Da in der Schweiz eine von 500 Personen an Morbus Crohn erkrankt, wird der niedergelassene Zahnarzt in seiner Laufbahn höchst wahrscheinlich mit betroffenen Personen in Kontakt kommen. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, anhand zweier klinischer Fallbeispiele die möglichen oralen Erscheinungsformen aufzuzeigen und Empfehlungen zur Vor- und Nachsorge in der Zahnarztpraxis abzugeben.


Subject(s)
Crohn Disease , Humans , Crohn Disease/complications , Crohn Disease/diagnosis , Adult , Male , Female , Mouth Diseases/etiology , Mouth Diseases/diagnosis
2.
Nucl Med Commun ; 42(1): 51-57, 2021 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32991397

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the value of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for therapy response assessment of jaw osteomyelitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-four baseline and 74 follow-up SPECT/CT examinations for therapy response assessment were performed in 34 patients with jaw osteomyelitis. SPECT/CT and planar late-phase bone scintigraphy images were assessed at baseline and follow-up, according to the following criteria: tracer uptake grade (0 = no uptake, 1 = low uptake, 2 = moderate uptake and 3 = high uptake); and morphologic signs (osteolysis, sequestration, sclerosis, periosteal reaction and pathologic fracture). RESULTS: At baseline, SPECT/CT showed marked (grade 2 or 3) uptake in 91% (31/34) of the patients, osteolysis in 85% (29/34), sclerosis in 71% (24/34), periosteal reaction in 44% (15/34) and a sequestrum in 24% (8/34). In 24 patients with clinically complete remission during or after at least 12 months' therapy, bone scintigraphy showed grade 0 or 1 uptake in 100% (24/24) and SPECT/CT in 91% (22/24) of the patients. Sclerosis with the disappearance of osteolysis, sequestration and periosteal reactions was the predominant morphologic finding in complete responders (68%; 16/24). In 10 patients with symptoms of exacerbation of the osteomyelitis, 80% (8/10) showed increasing uptake, 90% (9/10) sclerosis, 80% osteolysis (8/10) and 40% (4/10) osteolysis and periosteal reactions. CONCLUSION: SPECT/CT is a valuable tool to accurately assess therapy response, disease exacerbation and complications of jaw osteomyelitis. Low-grade (grade 1) residual tracer uptake is common in patients with clinically complete remission and is suggestive of ongoing bone remodeling and healing.


Subject(s)
Jaw , Osteomyelitis/diagnostic imaging , Osteomyelitis/therapy , Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography , Adult , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome
3.
Brain Res Bull ; 140: 212-219, 2018 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29782908

ABSTRACT

Patients receiving cytokine immunotherapy with IFN-α frequently present with neuropsychiatric consequences and cognitive impairments, including a profound depressive-like symptomatology. While the neurobiological substrates of the dysfunction that leads to adverse events in IFN-α-treated patients remains ill-defined, dysfunctions of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) are strong possibilities. To date, hippocampal deficits have been well-characterised; there does however remain a lack of insight into the nature of prefrontal participation. Here, we used a PFC-supported temporal order memory paradigm to examine if IFN-α treatment induced deficits in performance; additionally, we used an object recognition task to assess the integrity of the perirhinal cortex (PRH). Finally, the utility of exercise as an ameliorative strategy to recover temporal order deficits in rats was also explored. We found that IFN-α-treatment impaired temporal order memory discriminations, whereas recognition memory remained intact, reflecting a possible dissociation between recognition and temporal order memory processing. Further characterisation of temporal order memory impairments using a longitudinal design revealed that deficits persisted for 10 weeks following cessation of IFN-α-treatment. Finally, a 6 week forced exercise regime reversed IFN-α-induced deficits in temporal order memory. These data provide further insight into the circuitry involved in cognitive impairments arising from IFN-α-treatment. Here we suggest that PFC (or the hippocampo-prefrontal pathway) may be compromised whilst the function of the PRH is preserved. Deficits may persist after cessation of IFN-α-treatment which suggests that extended patient monitoring is required. Aerobic exercise may be restorative and could prove beneficial for patients treated with IFN-α.


Subject(s)
Exercise Therapy , Immunologic Factors/adverse effects , Immunotherapy/adverse effects , Interferon-alpha/adverse effects , Memory Disorders/etiology , Memory Disorders/therapy , Animals , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Memory/drug effects , Memory/physiology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Time Perception/drug effects , Time Perception/physiology
4.
Autism Res Treat ; 2016: 5073078, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26925263

ABSTRACT

Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by an apparently normal development followed by an arrest and subsequent regression of cognitive and psychomotor abilities. At present, RTT has no definitive cure and the treatment of RTT represents a largely unmet clinical need. Following partial elucidation of the underlying neurobiology of RTT, a new treatment has been proposed, Mecasermin (recombinant human Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1), which, in addition to impressive evidence from preclinical murine models of RTT, has demonstrated safety in human studies of patients with RTT. The present clinical study examines the disease severity as assessed by clinicians (International Scoring System: ISS), social and cognitive ability assessed by two blinded, independent observers (RSS: Rett Severity Score), and changes in brain activity (EEG) parameters of ten patients with classic RTT and ten untreated patients matched for age and clinical severity. Significant improvement in both the ISS (p = 0.0106) and RSS (p = 0.0274) was found in patients treated with IGF1 in comparison to untreated patients. Analysis of the novel RSS also suggests that patients treated with IGF1 have a greater endurance to social and cognitive testing. The present clinical study adds significant preliminary evidence for the use of IGF-1 in the treatment of RTT and other disorders of the autism spectrum.

5.
Swiss Dent J ; 125(1): 31-43, 2015.
Article in French, German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25591941

ABSTRACT

Inflammation of bone is caused either by bacterial infection or occasionally by physical stimulus. Primary chronic osteomyelitis of mandibular bone is a chronic inflammation of an unknown cause. Pain, swelling, limited mouth opening, regional lymphadenopathy and hypaesthesia are clinical symptoms at initial presentation. Results of biopsy, computed tomography and scintigraphy reveal the diagnosis of a primary chronic osteomyelitis. Its management is long-term antibiotic therapy, hyperbaric oxygen and surgical therapy, even bisphophonate treatement may be a good option. The case report presents a primary progressive chronic osteomyelitis of the manibular bone of a ten year old boy. Clinical and radiological signs are discussed as well as diagnosis, management and follow-up.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections/diagnostic imaging , Bacterial Infections/therapy , Mandibular Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Mandibular Diseases/therapy , Osteomyelitis/diagnostic imaging , Osteomyelitis/therapy , Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use , Child , Chronic Disease , Combined Modality Therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hyperbaric Oxygenation , Male
6.
J Surg Case Rep ; 2014(1)2014 Jan 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24876331

ABSTRACT

Metastases or tumour to the jaws are rare and those to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are even rarer. The symptoms like preauricular pain, swelling and clicking are generally associated with TMJ disease. But the same symptoms are also found in tumours of the jaws or other diseases. We report on the case of a 48-year-old woman with a 12-year history of breast cancer who was referred to our department for clarification of preauricular swelling and pain. The possible aetiology of TMJ disorders and the frequency and localization of metastases to the jaws are discussed.

7.
Autism Res Treat ; 2012: 679801, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22934177

ABSTRACT

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder that affects one in ten thousand girls and has no cure. The majority of RTT patients display mutations in the gene that codes for the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Clinical observations and neurobiological analysis of mouse models suggest that defects in the expression of MeCP2 protein compromise the development of the central nervous system, especially synaptic and circuit maturation. Thus, agents that promote brain development and synaptic function, such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), are good candidates for ameliorating the symptoms of RTT. IGF1 and its active peptide, (1-3) IGF1, cross the blood brain barrier, and (1-3) IGF1 ameliorates the symptoms of RTT in a mouse model of the disease; therefore they are ideal treatments for neurodevelopmental disorders, including RTT. We performed a pilot study to establish whether there are major risks associated with IGF1 administration in RTT patients. Six young girls with classic RTT received IGF1 subcutaneous injections twice a day for six months, and they were regularly monitored by their primary care physicians and by the unit for RTT in Versilia Hospital (Italy). This study shows that there are no risks associated with IGF1 administration.

8.
Neuropharmacology ; 63(5): 890-7, 2012 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22766392

ABSTRACT

Alterations in synaptic plasticity and neurocognitive function with age have been well documented in the literature. These changes are accompanied by modifications of neurotransmitter systems in the central nervous system (CNS). The serotonergic system in particular plays an important role in attention, alertness and cognition. Disturbances in serotonergic function have been implicated in differing neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, psychosis aggression and dementia. The serotonin receptor subtype 5HT6 is distributed within CNS regions relevant to learning and memory, including the striatum, cortex and hippocampus. We examined here the effects of acute and chronic administration of the 5HT6 receptor antagonist SB742457 on performance in a delayed non-matching-to-sample task (DNMS), which was used to identify neurocognitive differences between middle-aged (MA, 13 months) and young adult (YG, 3 months) rats. We found that MA rats have significantly lower performance in the DNMS task compared to YG rats. Acute administration of SB742457 (3 mg/kg/po) significantly improved performance of the MA rats. Chronic administration of SB742457 (3 mg/kg) reversed the age-related deficit of the MA to match their performance to that of YG rats. Furthermore, these improvements were observed for 1 week post-SB742457 treatment cessation. The acute and chronic effects of this treatment suggest that there is both an immediate effect on neurotransmitter action and potentially a longer-term modification of synaptic plasticity. Together these data indicate a role for modulation of the serotonergic system in the development of cognition-enhancing agents.


Subject(s)
Aging , Cognition Disorders/drug therapy , Nerve Tissue Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Nootropic Agents/therapeutic use , Quinolines/therapeutic use , Receptors, Serotonin/chemistry , Serotonin Antagonists/therapeutic use , Sulfones/therapeutic use , Animals , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Brain/drug effects , Brain/metabolism , Cognition/drug effects , Cognition Disorders/metabolism , Male , Memory, Short-Term/drug effects , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects , Neurons/drug effects , Neurons/metabolism , Nootropic Agents/administration & dosage , Quinolines/administration & dosage , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism , Serotonin Antagonists/administration & dosage , Sulfones/administration & dosage , Synaptic Transmission/drug effects , Task Performance and Analysis , Time Factors
9.
Neurobiol Aging ; 33(4): 835.e13-30, 2012 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21975308

ABSTRACT

As an antidiabetic agent, rosiglitazone (ROSI) binds and activates peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor gamma (PPARγ), altering the expression of genes involved in glucose uptake and disposal, ultimately affecting glucose regulation. ROSI might therefore be a potential treatment to ameliorate age-related decline in cognitive function, particularly on an insulin-resistant background, where improvements in peripheral insulin sensitivity and central nervous system (CNS) glucose utilization may facilitate recovery of cognitive function. We therefore examined the amelioration potential of ROSI for neurocognitive deficits resulting from aging in an animal model. Behaviorally, acute and chronic ROSI treatments enhanced acquisition of learning in the water plus maze, a modified version of the Morris water maze task. In parallel, restoration of synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus of ROSI-treated middle-aged rats was evident after a single dose intake. Additionally, the spatial receptive fields of hippocampal CA1 place cells were significantly improved by chronic ROSI administration. ROSI treatment reversed basal plasma insulin abnormalities and increased hippocampal glucose transporter (GLUT)-3 expression in middle-aged rats. Taken together, these results suggest that ROSI modulates hippocampal circuitry effectively to promote an improvement in cognitive function, possibly via a glucose transporter-3 mechanism.


Subject(s)
Hippocampus/cytology , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects , Memory Disorders/drug therapy , Neurons/drug effects , Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology , Aging/drug effects , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Biophysics , Electric Stimulation , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Glucose Transporter Type 3/genetics , Glucose Transporter Type 3/metabolism , Hippocampus/drug effects , Long-Term Potentiation/physiology , Male , Maze Learning/drug effects , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Rosiglitazone , Time Factors
10.
Front Behav Neurosci ; 5: 66, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22022311

ABSTRACT

Stress has deleterious effects on brain, body, and behavior in humans and animals alike. The present work investigated how 30-min acute photic stress exposure impacts on spatial information processing in the main sub-regions of the dorsal hippocampal formation [CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG)], a brain structure prominently implicated in memory and spatial representation. Recordings were performed from spatially tuned hippocampal and DG cells in rats while animals foraged in a square arena for food. The stress procedure induced a decrease in firing frequencies in CA1 and CA3 place cells while sparing locational characteristics. In contrast to the CA1-CA3 network, acute stress failed to induce major changes in the DG neuronal population. These data demonstrate a clear dissociation of the effects of stress on the main hippocampal sub-regions. Our findings further support the notion of decreased hippocampal excitability arising from behavioral stress in areas CA1 and CA3, but not in DG.

11.
Oral Health Prev Dent ; 7(4): 383-91, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20011757

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to test the effects of interdental cleansing with dental floss on supragingival biofilm removal in natural dentition during a 3-week period of experimental biofilm accumulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was performed as a single-blind, parallel, randomised, controlled clinical trial using the experimental gingivitis model (Löe et al, 1965). Thirty-two students were recruited and assigned to one of the following experimental or control groups: Group A used a fluoride-containing dentifrice (NaF dentifrice) on a toothbrush for 60 s twice a day, Group B used an unwaxed dental floss twice a day, Group C used a waxed dental floss twice a day in every interproximal space and Group D rinsed twice a day for 60 s with drinking water (control). RESULTS: During 21 days of abolished oral hygiene, the groups developed various amounts of plaque and gingivitis. Neither of the cleansing protocols alone allowed the prevention of gingivitis development. Toothbrushing alone yielded better outcomes than did any of the flossing protocols. Interdental cleansing with a waxed floss had better biofilm removal effects than with unwaxed floss. CONCLUSIONS: Toothbrushing without interdental cleansing using dental floss and interdental cleansing alone cannot prevent the development of gingivitis.


Subject(s)
Biofilms , Dental Devices, Home Care , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Gingivitis/etiology , Oral Hygiene/instrumentation , Adult , Cariostatic Agents/therapeutic use , Case-Control Studies , Dental Devices, Home Care/classification , Dental Plaque/prevention & control , Dental Plaque Index , Dentifrices/therapeutic use , Disease Progression , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Gingivitis/prevention & control , Humans , Male , Periodontal Index , Single-Blind Method , Sodium Fluoride/therapeutic use , Toothbrushing/instrumentation , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
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