Subject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections/epidemiology , Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects , Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification , Carbapenems/pharmacology , Disease Outbreaks , beta-Lactam Resistance , Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology , Burn Units , Female , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Male , Middle Aged , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Immunization with hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine is recommended for all HIV-infected individuals without immunity to HBV. This patient population, however, has relatively poor HBV vaccine responses. Factors associated with this impaired HBV vaccine response in HIV-infected individuals may include older age, uncontrolled HIV replication, and low nadir CD4 cell count. Postvaccination testing for HBV surface antibody is recommended and vaccine non-responders should undergo repeat immunization with a full series. The benefit of double dosage, the appropriate strategy for HIV-infected patients with isolated HBV core antibody and the timing and number of vaccinations in persons with advanced immunosuppression on highly active antiretroviral therapy remain controversial areas.
