ABSTRACT
The crater formation due to the impact of a water droplet onto a granular bed has been experimentally investigated. Three parameters were tuned: the impact velocity, the size of the droplet, and the size of the grains. The aim is to determine the influence of the kinetic energy on the droplet pattern. The shape of the crater depends on the kinetic energy at the moment the droplet starts to impact the bed. The spreading and recession of the liquid during the impact were carefully analyzed from the dynamical point of view, using image analysis of high-speed video recordings. The different observed regimes are characterized by the balance between the impregnation time of the water by the granular bed by the water and the capillary time responsible for the recession of the drop.
ABSTRACT
We have performed a quantitative study of the coarsening of foams stabilised by partially hydrophobic silica nanoparticles. We have used a variety of techniques: optical and electron microscopy, microfluidics, and multiple light scattering. Using earlier studies of planar particle monolayers, we have been able to correlate the interfacial properties and the macroscopic temporal evolution of the foam. This has shed light on the origin of the absence of coarsening of particle-stabilised foams. Such particle-stabilised foams appear to be the only known foam system where coarsening is inhibited by surface elasticity.
ABSTRACT
Two main questions are at the center of this paper. The first one concerns the choice of a rheological model in the frequency range of transient elastography, sonoelasticity or NMR elastography for soft solids (20-1000 Hz). Transient elastography experiments based on plane shear waves that propagate in an Agar-gelatin phantom or in bovine muscles enable one to quantify their viscoelastic properties. The comparison of these experimental results to the prediction of the two simplest rheological models indicate clearly that Voigt's model is the better. The second question studied in the paper deals with the feasibility of quantitative viscosity mapping using inverse problem algorithm. In the ideal situation where plane shear waves propagate in a sample, a simple inverse problem based on the Helmholtz equation correctly retrieves both elasticity and viscosity. In a more realistic situation with nonplane shear waves, this simple approach fails. Nevertheless, it is shown that quantitative viscosity mapping is still possible if one uses an appropriate inverse problem that fully takes into account diffraction in solids.
