ABSTRACT
In this study adult male CF-1 mice were treated on a daily basis as follows: Group A - controls, Group B - ethanol (ET) treated (1.25 g ET/kg body weight (b.wt.], Group C - ET plus 4 mg Capsaicin (C)/kg b.wt., and Group D - ET plus 4 mg dihydrocapsaicin (DC)/kg b.wt. At the end of the sixth week experimental period the animals were anesthetized, exsanguinated and hepatectomized. Our study suggests that ET administered at the rate of 1.25 g ET/kg b.wt. reaches a mean serum value of 43 + 14 mg/dL within 15 minutes. In addition, chronic ET ingestion significantly decreases mean hepatic glycogen content and mean serum triglyceride concentration of the animals. Conjoint administration of ET plus C decreases significantly mean body weight and mean ET and the triglyceride concentration of the serum. Prolonged ET ingestion plus DC administration decreases mean wet liver weight and lowers significantly the mean serum ET, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations of CF-1 mice.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/blood , Capsaicin/analogs & derivatives , Capsaicin/pharmacology , Ethanol/blood , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Cholesterol/blood , Liver/drug effects , Liver Glycogen/metabolism , Male , Mice , Organ Size/drug effects , Triglycerides/blood , Weight Gain/drug effectsABSTRACT
Groups of up to 13 pregnant rats were individually caged. Body weight, food and water consumption were recorded at days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of gestation and the dams were treated on days 8-15 with sodium chlorite, 0.1%, 0.5% or 2% in drinking water or by injection of 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg IP or by gavaging with 200 mg/kg. To prevent ingestion of stillborn pups some dams were sacrificed at day 22. Other dams were allowed to deliver at term. Fetuses were weighed, measured and examined for soft tissue and skeletal malformations. Sodium chlorite, 20 or 50 mg/kg daily IP or gavaging with 200 mg/kg, caused vaginal and urethral bleeding. Doses of 10, 20 or 50 mg/kg daily IP caused 0, 50 and 100% mortality of dams, respectively. No deaths were caused by sodium chlorite in the drinking water, but the dams' body weight, water and food consumption decreased during all treatments except 0.1% in the drinking water. Blood smears from the dams injected IP or drinking 2% sodium chlorite showed irregular, bizarre and ruptured erythrocytes. Injection of 10 or 20 mg/kg or drinking 2% resulted in decreased litter size and increased stillbirths and resorption sites. Drinking 0.1% or 0.5% sodium chlorite did not produce any significant embryotoxicity. With all treatments, no significant gross soft tissue or skeletal malformations were observed. Postnatal growth of the pups was not affected by any treatment of the dams during the gestation period.
Subject(s)
Chlorides/toxicity , Fetus/drug effects , Teratogens , Administration, Oral , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Chlorides/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Female , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Pregnancy , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
Ethanol (10 to 50 micro-liters/egg) was injected into the albumen of the 13 day chick embryo. The control solution and ethanol carrier was bacteriostatic saline (0.1 ml). The KOH-alcohol-Anthrone colorimetric method was used for glycogen determination. Ethanol at 20 or 30 mul/egg lowered the mean cerebral glycogen (p less than 0.05). Higher dosages elevated cerebral glycogen over the same time period (p less than 0.05). The glycogen-depleting effect of 20 mul/egg and the glycogen increasing effect of 40 mul/egg were maintained through 168 hours of ethanol exposure (20 days incubation).
Subject(s)
Brain/metabolism , Ethanol/pharmacology , Glycogen/metabolism , Animals , Brain/drug effects , Chick Embryo , Depression, Chemical , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Aqueous estrone (10 to 50 pigrams/egg) was injected into the albumen of the 13 day chick embryo. The control solution and estrone carrier was 0.1 ml bacteriostatic saline. The KOH-alcohol-Anthrone colorimetric method was used to determine glycogen. 20 or more pigrams estrone/egg lowered the mean cerebral glycogen significantly (P less than 0.01) after 24 hours duration in a non-dosage-dependent manner. The glycolytic effect was demonstrated by the 20.0 pigram dosage after 120 hours duration.
Subject(s)
Brain/metabolism , Estrone/pharmacology , Glycogen/metabolism , Animals , Brain/drug effects , Chick Embryo , In Vitro Techniques , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The glycolytic effect of 1-epinephrine and nor-epinephrine administered in-ovo for two hours on the liver of the chick embryo is reported. 1-epinephrine was more glycolytic than nor-epinephrine throughout the study. The glycolytic effect of 1-epinephrine was dosage-dependent throughout the study while nor-epinephrine brought about dosage-dependent liver-glycogen-depletion only in the nine day embryo.
Subject(s)
Epinephrine/pharmacology , Glycolysis/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Norepinephrine/pharmacology , Animals , Chick Embryo , In Vitro Techniques , Liver/drug effectsABSTRACT
The myocardial glycogen of the six and one-half day chick embryo is lowered significantly by the in-ovo presentation of nor-epinephrine (1.0 to 20.0 micrograms/egg). This glycogen-depleting effect was neither dosage- nor time-dependent.
Subject(s)
Glycogen/metabolism , Myocardium/metabolism , Norepinephrine/pharmacology , Animals , Chick Embryo , Heart/drug effects , Stimulation, Chemical , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The effect of 1-epinephrine, administered in ovo, on the myocardial glycogen level of the six and one-half day chick embryo has been determined. The glycogen-depleting effect of this hormone on the myocardium of the embryo was found to be both dosage-dependent and time-dependent.
Subject(s)
Epinephrine/pharmacology , Glycogen/metabolism , Myocardium/metabolism , Animals , Chick Embryo , Depression, Chemical , Heart/embryology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A single dosage of sodium pentobarbital (5.0 mg/0.1 ml) given during the embryonic period inhibited the body weight of the chick embryo from 10 through 18 days of incubation. The mean wet and dry weight of the barbiturate-treated embryos were lowered significantly. This weight-decreasing effect was not observed in the hearts or livers of the barbiturate-treated specimens.
Subject(s)
Body Weight/drug effects , Pentobarbital/pharmacology , Animals , Chick Embryo , Depression, Chemical , Heart/drug effects , Liver/drug effects , Organ Size/drug effects , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The effect of 1-epinephrine administered I. P. to pregnant rats during sodium pentobarbital anesthesia on fetal liver glycogen levels has been investigated. Sodium pentobarbital (22 mg./kg. maternal body weight) was administered I. P. to all pregnant rats in the control group and each 1-epinephrine dosage group twenty minutes prior to the surgical removal of the fetuses. L-epinephrine (10, 20 or 30 micrograms/kg. maternal body weight) given ten minutes after the administration of the barbiturate reduced the fetal liver glycogen levels significantly. The glycogen-depleting effect of 1-epinephrine on the fetal liver in the rat was found to be dosage-dependent.
