Phytocorrection of Age-Related Changes in the Composition of Blood Plasma, Lymph, and Interstitial Fluid.

We studied the effect of a new complex phytocomposition on age-related changes in the composition of biological fluids (blood, lymph, and interstitial fluid) in old (22-24-month-old) white Sprague-Dawley rats. A 3-month course of phytocomposition induced an increase in the volumes of interstitial fluid (IF) and plasma and stimulated lymph outflow and diuresis. In the blood and lymph, the clotting time increased, while the viscosity and all lipid indicators decreased. The phytocomposition increased the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, the levels of immunoglobulins (except IgG) and lymphocyte subpopulations, which contributed to correction and improvement of the immune properties of the blood and lymph. Increased hydration of the tissues of the body and strengthening of the anti-atherogenic and immune properties of the lymph and blood led to recovery of the drainage and detoxification function of the lymphatic system. Due to the presence of bioflavonoids, microelements, and vitamins, the new complex phytocomposition produces a lymphotropic effect by changing the composition of the blood, lymph, and IF and stimulates fluid transport from IF into the vascular bed, thereby promoting natural lymph detoxification and increasing the immune properties of the blood and lymph.

Condition of Adrenergic Innervation Apparatus of the Thyroid Gland, Blood and Lymph Vessels, and Lymph Nodes during Correction of Hypothyrosis.

We used specific histochemical fluorescence-microscopic method of visualization of catecholamines to study adrenergic innervation of the thyroid gland tissue, blood vessels of the thyroid gland, cervical lymphatic vessel and lymph nodes in rats during correction of hypothyroidism with a bioactive formulation (Vozrozhdenie Plus balm with Potentilla alba L.). In experimental hypothyroidism, adrenergic innervation of the thyroid gland and the wall of the cervical lymph node, concentrated mainly along the arterial vessels and the cervical lymphatic vessel, retained its structural formations (plexuses and varicosities), but diffusion of catecholamines outside these formations was observed. Correction with the bioactive formulation restored of the contours of the nerve plexuses and varicosities and their brighter fluorescence in the thyroid gland and cervical lymphatic vessel and node. During correction of hypothyroidism with the bioactive formulation, reorganization of regional lymphatic vessels and nodes was more pronounced than reorganization of the thyroid gland.

The Specifics of Adrenergic Innervation of Lymph Nodes from Different Body Regions in Young, Mature, and Old Animals.

Adrenergic innervation in the tissue of the cervical, mesenteric, and popliteal lymph nodes in rats of different age groups (from 2-45 days to 24 months) was studied using the specific fluorescence-microscopic imaging of catecholamines. Adrenergic innervation in the lymph nodes of rats is present from the first days of life, but it develops and complicates during postnatal ontogeny and is fully formed by thedays 20-30 of life. By the age of one month, adrenergic innervation represents a well-formed apparatus in all parts of the node, i.e. in the capsule, trabeculae, and cortical and medullary substance. These are brightly fluorescent nerve fibers that form plexuses with regularly located multiple varicosities. In senile animals, the density and number of plexuses in all parts of the lymph node are preserved, but the brightness of plexuses decreases, plexus fibers become discontinuous, varicosities become less frequent or disappear. These changes are seen in lymph nodes from different body regions.

Contractile Activity of Lymph Nodes in Young, Middle-Aged, and Old Rats.

We studied age-associated changes in contractile activity of isolated cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes in rats. In young and middle-aged rats, no significant changes in contractile activity of lymph nodes were revealed. In old rats, the amplitude of spontaneous contractions of lymph nodes was lower and their rate was higher than in young and middle-aged animals; the sensitivity of lymph nodes to vasoactive agents was reduced and the threshold of the response was higher in old rats.

[STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF THE LYMPH TISSUE OF MICE LYMPHATIC NODES FOLLOWING THE 30-DAY FLIGHT ONBOARD SPACECRAFT BION-M1].

The article reports the results of studying the lymph tissue of mesenteric and cervical lymphatic nodes in C57BL/6N mice after the 30-day orbital flight onboard biosatellite Bion-M1. Histological and morphometric investigations revealed changes in the ratio of the nodes structural-functional zones and microstructure. Reductions in reticular cells, plasmocytes, macrophages and blasts in the nodes point to degradation of both humoral and cellular immunity.

Lympho- and Hemodynamics in Dogs with Acute Experimental Pancreatitis.

Dogs with experimental pancreatitis showed increased lymph fl ow, impaired rheological properties of the lymph and blood plasma, and increased plasma and blood levels of glucose, ALT, and AST.

[Contractile activity of pectoral channel and lymph nodes in rats under antiorthostatic influences].

It has been established that during short term body antiorthostatic positions lymphatic system carries out compensatory function, unloading the cardiovascular system from redundant exercise. The contractile activity of pectoral channel and lymphatic nodes in weightlessness (antiorthostatic influence) was studied. The functional role of neck lymph nodes is expressed by depositing of liquid during redistribution of the blood. The atony of neck lymph nodes as well as loss of pectoral channel and lymph nodes decrease the receptor sensitivity of vessels and nodes to the action of vasoactive substances.

[Transport function of lymph nodes in body antiorthostatic posture].

The spontaneous contractile activity of isolated lymph nodes and the lymph flow from intestine lymphatic vessel in antiorthostatic posture of rats with an inclination angle of 30 degrees during 7-14 days, was decreased. Contractions of the rat lymph nodes in response to actions of adrenaline, acetylcholine and histamine were diminished. There are changes of biochemical components of lymph and blood plasma with simultaneous decrease of the blood plasma volume. It is concluded that the lymphatic system on antiorthostatic posture plays the compensatory role with the purpose of stabilization of homeostasis in the brain.

[Lymphodynamic effect on the condition of iscnemia--reperfusion of the dog small intestine].

Ischemia (30 min)--reperfusion (60 min) of the dog small intestine created by occlusion of the cranial mesenteric artery decreased formation and lymph flow, changed the blood and lymph viscosity and coadulation which had been induced by damaging effect of hypoxia.

[The contractile activity of the lymphatic vessels in rats after head-down tilt exposure]. / Sokratitel'naia aktivnost' limfaticheskikh sosudov krys posle antiortostaticheskogo vozdeistviia.

After antiorthostatic attitude of rats during 12 days, the contractile activity of their isolated lymphangions of the thoracic duct was studied. The amplitude of contractions was found to be decreased as well as the effects of serotonine, histamine, and acetylcholine, whereas that of adrenaline increased. The latter finding suggests enhancing of the activity of lymphatic vessels' adrenergic structures in antiorthostatic.

[The characteristics of the adrenergic mechanisms regulating the lymph flow in arterial hypertension in dogs]. / Osobennosti adrenergicheskikh mekhanizmov reguliatsii limfotoka pri arterial'noi gipertenzii u sobak.

The influence of i.v. infusion of adrenaline on the lymph flow and arterial pressure was studied in acute experiments on dogs with experimental renovascular hypertension. A reflex increase of the lymph flow by 268% above the initial level was revealed, as well as more obvious alterations in the arterial pressure, decrease of latencies and increase of the response duration in hypertensive dogs as compared with normotensive ones. After infusion of adrenaline together with obsydan we observed the lymph flow to be 2-fold enhanced. Pyrroxan has abolished the effect of adrenaline on alterations in the lymph flow and arterial pressure. Increase of adrenoreactivity of the lymphatic system under hypertension is caused mainly by alpha-adrenoreceptor activation.

[Effect of a passive orthostatic test on lymph circulation]. / Vliianie passivnoi ortostaticheskoi proby na limfoobrashchenie.

Anesthesized dogs were exposed to a 30 minute tilt test at 30 degrees. Most significant changes were seen in venous and lymphatic vessels. During the first minutes of the tilt test lymph flow from the thoracic compartment diminished rapidly and later it partially recovered. Pressure in the thoracic lymphatic duct diminished in parallel with that in the jugular vein. Lymph flow from the neck vessel at first increased and then decreased. After the animals were returned to the recumbent position, their venous and lymphatic pressure reached the pretest level. Lymph flow from the thoracic duct increased drastically and then returned to the baseline level. During moderate orthostatic effects lymph circulation undergoes significant changes produced by gravitational shifts and morphofunctional specificities of lymphatic vessels.

[Effect of osmotic shifts in cerebrospinal fluid on lymph flow and lymph formation]. / Vliianie osmoticheskikh sdvigov v likvore na limfotok i limfoobrazovanie.

Administration of 0.865 M sodium chloride, 0.1 ml, into the lateral ventricle of anesthetized dogs increased the drainage of lymph from the thoracic and jugular lymph vessels, increased blood plasma volume, and decreased the total protein content in the lymph, blood plasma and interstitial fluid. Within first minutes after the administration the ratio of protein fractions in blood plasma and lymph was altered and the osmotic blood and lymph pressure decreased. The data obtained indicate the reflex elimination of osmotic shifts in the C. S. F.