[CREATING A CROSS-TUNNEL UNDER OSTIUM OF MAIN HEPATIC VEINS AND PIGGY BACK FUND LIVER ABLATE TUMOR THROMBUS FROM THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA].

The analysis of the effectiveness of a new method of thrombectomy, including the formation of cross-tunnel under the ostium of the main hepatic veins by removing tumor thrombus of the inferior vena cava (IVC). Successfully perform a piggy back manage to mobilize the liver in 12 (80%) patients, a tunnel formed in 4 (50%). Duration pigg back stage liver mobilization much higher than the formation of the tunnel. Forming tunnel cross recommended conditions when the IVC portion covered retrohepatic liver less than 1/2 of a circle or when the surgeon is sure to Derform manipulation capabilities.

[Effect of 131I incorporation on the status of the reproductive system in male rats and the dose-dependent effect]. / Vliianie inkorporatsii 131I na sostoianie reproduktivnoi sistemy samtsov krys dozozavisimogo éffekta.

Radioactive 131I was injected in single doses 9.25, 37, and 92.5 kBq to prepubertal (30-day-old) male rats. Iodine incorporation in doses 37 and 92.5 kBq resulted in some functional changes in the reproductive system of mature rats: blood testosterone level increased, its hypothalamic aromatization intensified, and biologically active LH level in the blood dropped. Incorporation of 9.25 kBq of 131I had no effect on male reproductive system. A possibility of direct injury to rat testicles by 131I incorporation is suggested.

[The reproductive function of male rats in the late periods after x-ray irradiation]. / Reproduktivnaia funktsiia samtsov krys v otdalennye sroki posle rentgenovskogo oblucheniia.

Reproductive function in male rats was studied in 1, 3 and 6 months after X-ray irradiation of doses of 2 and 3 Gy. It has been established that long-term effects of irradiation at a dose of 3 Gy are manifested through decrease in spermatozoa content in the epididymis and reduction of nucleic acid and protein content in the testes. Fertility of male rats under study significantly lowered shortly after irradiation and full recovery of fecundating ability was observed 6 months later. The effect of irradiation with a dose of 2 Gy was less pronounced.

[Evaluation of the gonadoliberin and niftolid tests in the diagnosis of male hypogonadism]. / Otsenka prob s gonadoliberinom i niftolidom v diagnostike muzhskogo gipogonadizma.

Comparative analysis with an antiandrogen niftolid and synthetic GnRH was carried out in 22 normal subjects, 14 patients with primary and 20 ones with secondary hypogonadism, and in 5 patients with clinical signs of gonadal insufficiency and obscure diagnosis in order to elucidate the pituitary gonadotropin reserves. Blood plasma and daily urine gonadotropin levels were measured. Changed gonadotropin excretion under the effect of niftolid in health and hypogonadism was in line with changed gonadotropin level in the blood after RF administration, this indicating a similar informative value of both tests for the differential diagnosis of various hypogonadism forms. In the first case measurements of blood gonadotropin were more informative, in the second daily urine analysis. Niftolid test, noninvasive and readily available, is recommended as an alternative test with RF administration.

[The immune response to heteroantigen of male mice at various stages of ontogeny and following gonadectomy]. / Immunnyi otvet na geteroantigen u myshei-samtsov na raznykh étapakh ontogeneza i posle gonadéktomii.

Experiments on male CBA mice have shown that androgens modulate the function of the immune system depending on its initial functional status. Studies of humoral immune response in mice during ontogeny have revealed that the most pronounced activation of the immune system coincides with the beginning of the sexual maturation (18-30 days). Gonadectomy of 18-days-old mice causes retardation of the functional maturation of the immune system but that of 1 month-old mice, on the contrary, intensifies the immune response. It is supposed that this period of life is one of the key periods of the humoral immunity development. Long-term decrease of the testosterone level in blood of mice castrated after puberty induces untimely extinction of the immune reactivity comparable with that in old animals.

[Testosterone content of the blood plasma in mature animals of various species during modeling of a pathological process in the testes using testicular antibodies]. / Soderzhanie testosterona v plazme krovi polozrelykh zhivotnykh raznykh vidov pri modelirovanii patologicheskogo protsessa v semennikakh s pomoshch'iu testikuliarnykh antitel.

Testosterone content in the blood plasma before and after administration of testicular antibodies (IgG and IgM) isolated from respective antisera was studied by a radioimmunoassay in 86 mature mice, rats and guinea-pigs. IgG at a dose of 0.4-2.4 mg of protein per 100 g of body mass decreased testosterone content in the blood plasma 1.6-4.2-fold early after administration (on the 3rd-6th day) in animals of all species. The level of testosterone remained below the basal values in the course of 33 days after the administration of immunoglobulins. A single administration of IgG at a dose of 2.4 mg of the protein resulted in a less damaging effect on the animals' testes than the same amount of the protein administered in fractions (at a dose of 0.8 mg three times a day). IgG produced a higher inhibiting effect than IgM administered at the same doses. Immunoglobulins of class G isolated from antisera which are specific to the testicular tissue, can be used for the simulation of a pathological process in the testes for a study of the etiology and pathogenesis of hypogonadism which is quite frequent in clinical practice.

[Cessation of ovarian cycles in a young mouse while in parabiosis with an older one]. / Prekrashchenie ovarial'noi tsiklichnosti u molodoi myshi pri parabioze ee so staroi.

Female mice 3 and 22-24 months of age were jointed in heterochronic parabiosis. That led to permanent estrus in young mice and maintenance of intact anestrus in old mice. After 8-9 weeks of parabiosis there appeared morphological signs of accelerated ageing in the ovaries of young animals, while no changes in the ovaries of old mice were observed. Serum progesterone of young partners decreased to the levels of old animals and estradiol levels remained unchanged, while prolactin content in adenohypophysis was the same as in young single animals but exceeded the level noted in young mice in parabiosis with young partners. Hormone content in old parabionts remained unchanged, as compared to the control. An old organism is thought to be the source of unidentified factors suppressing the ovarian function in young animals.

[Functional state of the hypophysis and ovaries of rats with anovulatory syndrome during pharmacologic stimulation of dopaminergic receptors]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie gipofiza i iaichnikov krys s anovuliatornymsindromom pri farmakologicheskoi stimuliatsii dofaminergicheskikh retseptorov.

Pharmacological analysis of the role of hyperprolactinemia in the pathogenesis of anovulatory syndrome (AS) was performed in neonatally androgenized rats. Dopamine agonist, bromocriptine, administered to I or 2.5 month-old rats for 15 days decreased prolactin content in the adenohypophysis and partially normalized progesterone level in blood plasma. However, bromocriptine failed to prevent the development of AS or to interrupt persistent estrus in neonatally androgenized females. The results are in keeping with the concept on the leading role of hypothalamus noradrenergic insufficiency in the pathogenesis of experimental AS.

[Use of the antiandrogen niftolide for studying reserves of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system in patients with male hypogonadism]. / Primenenie antiandrogena niftolida dlia issledovaniia rezervov gipotalamo-gipofizarnoi sistemy u bol'nykh muzhskim gipogonadizmom.

A study was made of a possibility to use a test with the administration of the nonsteroid antiandrogen flutamide to male patients with testicular hypogonadism to evaluate the gonadotropic reserves in this pathology and differential diagnosis of the pathogenetically different forms of this diseases in male patients aged 12 to 33. Flutamide was prescribed for internal use, 10 mg/kg a day for 5 days. Functional reserves of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal system were estimated by the change of LH secretion with morning and daily urine after 3 and 5 days as well as by the LH, FSH and T content in the blood plasma. A significant rise of LH excretion with morning and daily urine was noted in patients with primary hypogonadism receiving flutamide. On the contrary, no significant changes in LH secretion under the influence of flutamide were detected in secondary hypogonadism. It is suggestive of the preservation of the gonadotropic reserves in primary hypogonadism and their absence in secondary hypogonadism. The test is proposed for differential diagnosis in diagnostic difficulties. The most accurate results are obtained by using LH in the urine collected for 3 days of flutamide intake.

[Gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland in patients with intersexualism and gonadal dysgenesis]. / Gonadotropnaia funktsiia gipofiza u bol'nykh s interseksualizmom i gonadal'nym disgenezom.

Radioimmunoassay was used to study the blood content of LH and FSH in 116 patients aged 1 to 36 years with abnormalities of sexual development (false male hermafroditism, false female hermafroditism, true hermafroditism and gonadal dysgenesis). With a view of control the content of gonadotropins was measured in 92 subjects (33 females and 59 males) of the same age. The data were evaluated in accordance with the age and genetic sex of patients. It was shown that in health, the concentration of LH and FSH reflected the process of puberty, permanently growing until 18 years, whereas in patients, the age-related time course was less consistent. Unidirectional changes in the hormonal level (towards its rise) were common to all the forms of abnormal sexual development. In all the examinees, the pattern of changes in gonadotropic activity reflected the features of the formation of the neuroendocrine mechanisms by which the sexual system is controlled in ontogenesis.

[Detection of the heterozygote carrier state for the gene of congenital virilizing adrenal cortical hyperplasia by the blood testosterone level]. / Vyiavlenie geterozigotnogo nositel'stva gena vrozhdennoi viriliziruiushchei giperplazii kory nadpochechnikov po urovniu testosterona krovi.

The study of genealogy of the families with cases of congenital adrenocortical virilizing hyperplasia allowed one to suggest a possibility of the heterozygous bearing of a pathological gene. The investigation of the plasma testosterone level in the parents of children with the adrenogenital syndrome has shown that an increase in the blood circulating testosterone level 1.6 to 4 times compared with normal may serve as a marker of heterozygosis for this disease.

[Functional and ultrastructural changes in the adenohypophysis in obesity]. / Funktsional'nye i ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia adenogipofiza.

The indices of some tropic adenohypophyseal functions of obese patients were compared with ultrastructural reaction of the adequate adenocytes of rats with experimental hypothalamic obesity. It was shown that in obesity significant functional and structural changes occur in adenohypophyseal cells, their extent being considerably associated with the excessive body mass. In pronounced obesity, a decrease in somato- and thyrotropic- and an increase in gonado- and corticotropic adenohypophyseal functions are seen, manifesting in ultrastructural changes of appropriate adenocytes. The results obtained allow a conclusion, that one of the mechanisms of obesity development is the changed secretory potency of adenohypophyseal cells, producing hormones, which exert a substantial influence upon lipogenesis and lipolysis processes.