ABSTRACT
A butterfly vertebra is a rare congenital anomaly, encountered as isolated finding or as part of syndromic diseases. We report a case of a 40-year- old female presenting with low back pain and sciatica due to 'butterfly' dysplasia of the first sacral vertebra. This novel case includes posterolateral displacement of the completely separated hemivertebrae, causing left lateral recess stenosis and compression of S1 nerve root. Additionally, we conducted a short review of the literature. Few cases are reported in literature. Only one refers to a sacral vertebra. There is no previous case of a butterfly vertebra that accounts for narrowing of the lateral recess and associated radiculopathy.
Subject(s)
Lumbar Vertebrae , Adult , Bone Diseases, Developmental , Female , Humans , Low Back Pain , SciaticaABSTRACT
In 17th century France, the practice of obstetrics passed from female midwives to medical men called accoucheurs. François Mauriceau, a prominent French obstetrician of the 17th century urged the need of an organised obstetrical education, emphasising anatomy. He invented the semi-recumbent or 'French' birthing position, the 'tire-tête' forceps, the 'Mauriceau manoeuvre' in breech delivery, and provided one of the first epidemiological analyses in obstetrics contributing enormously to the development of this specialty. His best-seller, Traité des maladies des femmes grosses revolutionised the practice of obstetrics.
Subject(s)
Delivery, Obstetric/history , Obstetrics/history , Female , France , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , Humans , PregnancyABSTRACT
Gaspard-Laurent Bayle was a 19th century eminent clinician, pathologist, phthisiologist and statistician that deserves our attention. His very advanced oncologic conceptions rank him among the all-time great pioneers of oncology.
Subject(s)
Medical Oncology/history , Neoplasms/history , Pathology, Clinical/history , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Humans , Physicians , Statistics as TopicABSTRACT
The ultrastructural effects of CNTF or BSA on the retrograde response of adult rat spinal motoneurones were quantified at 7 days. Axotomy with or without CNTF or BSA generally resulted in fragmentation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). One third of CNTF-treated motoneurones had RER with a more ordered lamella arrangement than controls. Decreased area of the Golgi apparatus was seen after CNTF and BSA treatment. Other features of the retrograde response were unaffected.
Subject(s)
Axons/physiology , Microglia/ultrastructure , Motor Neurons/ultrastructure , Nerve Tissue Proteins/pharmacology , Animals , Axonal Transport , Axons/drug effects , Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor , Female , Microglia/cytology , Microglia/drug effects , Motor Neurons/cytology , Motor Neurons/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Serum Albumin, Bovine/pharmacology , Spinal Cord/cytologyABSTRACT
Bromocriptine and other dopaminergic agonists drugs are used in Parkinson's disease. In this paper we have studied the ultrastructure of striated muscle of mice after bromocriptine treatment. There was a tremendous increase in the number and size of mitochondria, as well as a very notable increase in the cristae. Some ultrastructure changes were also noted at the neuromuscular junctions. An explanation has been attempted in the light of other investigations concerning the relationship of microtubules and bromocriptine on the one hand, and microtubules and mitochondria on the other.
Subject(s)
Bromocriptine/pharmacology , Muscles/ultrastructure , Animals , Female , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Microscopy, Electron , Microtubules/drug effects , Microtubules/ultrastructure , Mitochondria, Muscle/drug effects , Mitochondria, Muscle/ultrastructure , Muscles/drug effects , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
Two intranasal biopsies of human olfactory mucosa were studied with the electron microscope, after confirming with the light microscope that they were in fact from the olfactory region. It was noted that the end of the dendrite of the human olfactory cell is flat or dome-shaped, and is not a bulb-like projection (olfactory vesicle). Moreover, the cilia are in the long axis of the olfactory cell, perpendicular to the epithelial surface, and do not lie parallel to it as described in some species. The supporting cells had multiple long microvilli, and definite points of contact with the olfactory cells; they appeared to spread their secretion over the microvilli in a novel manner, producing a layer of regularly spaced, spike-like granules.