[Quantitative changes in the total proteins of the cells of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus after extreme exposures: acute immobilization and deprivation of the paradoxical sleep phase]. / Kolichestvennye izmeneniia summarnykh belkov kletok supraopticheskogo iadra gipotalamusa posle ékstremal'nykh vozdeistvii: ostraia immobilizatsiia, lishenie paradoksal'noi fazy sna.

It has been shown that 1-hour acute immobilization of rats resulted in a decrease of total protein content (per 1 cell) in neurones (by 17% in cytoplasm and 22% in nucleus) of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus and in their glial satellite cells (by 10%), mainly at the expense of the nuclei of the latter. These changes remained at the same level in the neuronal cytoplasm and satellite cells within 6 hours after cessation of acute immobilization, being abolished in the neuronal nuclei. Deprivation of REM sleep for 24 hours affected these parameters to the same extent as acute immobilization. However, 6-hour rest was sufficient for normalisation in satellite cells and for decrease in protein deficiency in the neuronal nuclei; yet protein deficiency still sustained in the neuronal cytoplasm. REM sleep deprivation was also accompanied by a decrease in tritium incorporation into satellite cell proteins (by 18%); after 3-hour rest, incorporation of the label into satellite cells was restored to the initial level being increased by 20% in neuronal nuclei; another 3-hour rest resulted in normalisation of labeling in the neuronal nuclei and in 27% increase of labeling in the satellite cells.

[Changes in membrane proteins in the brain stem of the rat after deprivation of the paradoxical stage of sleep and prolongation of this stage during subsequent free behavior]. / Izmeneniia membrannykh belkov v stvole golovnogo mozga krys pri lishenii ikh paradoksal'noi fazy sna i prodolzhitel'nost' étoi fazy pri posleduiushchem svobodnom povedenii.

In REM-sleep-deprived rats, phenazepam (1.0 mg/kg) prevented the SH-group content increase in the brain stem membrane proteins, but induced undesirable sedative phenomena which, however, could be eliminated by simultaneous injections of sydnocarbum. The data obtained suggest that if the brain stem membrane proteins are protected against a denaturation-like alteration (characterized by the increase of SH-group content of these proteins) during REM-sleep deprivation, there is no "rebound" of this sleep phase after the end if the experiment in the condition of the unrestrained behavior of the rats.

[Proteins and RNA in the neuron-neuroglia system of the nucleus raphe dorsalis of the suslik brain during hibernation]. / Belki i RNK v sisteme neiron-neirogliia N. raphe dorsalis golovnogo mozga suslika v dinamike zimnei spiachki.

The concentration and the content per cell of total proteins were found to be considerably decreased during deep hibernation (in December) in the ground squirrel (Citellus pygmaeus Pall.) brain n. raphé dorsalis neurons, whereas in glial cells--satellites with the same concentration, the protein content reduction was lesser than in the neurons. Preceding the awakening (in March), the protein content in neuron cytoplasma increased, the protein concentration remaining equal to control, whereas the values related to gliocytes did not vary in March from those in December. In March, a considerable RNA content increase occurred in the neuron cytoplasma, its concentration remaining the same, whereas the RNA values in gliocytes approximated the control values (those of the animals in wakefulness).

[Histochemical determination of RNA and protein in the brain during primary sleep in the frog Rana temporaria and during intermediate sleep in the turtle Emys orbicularis]. / Gistokhimicheskoe opredelenie RNK i belka v mozgu vo vremia pervichnogo sna liagushki Rana temporaria i promezhutochnogo sna cherepakhi Emys orbicularis.

It has been shown that resting forms of the primary sleep in the frog and intermediate sleep in the tortoise (P-1, P-2 and P-3) differ from each other with respect to neurochemical characteristics. Cytospectrophotometric studies reveal the increase in the content (per one cell) and concentration of total protein and RNA in cells of the preoptic nuclei of the frog only during one of the resting forms of the primary sleep (P-3), which represents functional homologue of the intermediate sleep of reptiles and sleep of homoiothermic animals. These anabolic changes were not observed during two other resting forms of the primary sleep, this finding being consistent with divergent development of resting forms of the primary sleep in evolution of vertebrates.

Analysis of the action of the neuropeptide-inducing delta-sleep in cats and white rats.

Suboccipital administration of the oligopeptide to adult cats and white rats in a dose of 15 and 20 micrograms/kg induces the appearance of electrographic (delta-sleep) and behavioral sleep within 15-25 min. Administration of the oligopeptide induces a substantial increase in the thresholds of the response of the EEG to phonostimulation. A substantial lag (50-90 min) in the onset of paradoxical sleep is noted, which is considered by the authors as a manifestation of inhibition, exerted by the neuropeptide on the further development of the sleep mechanisms. On the basis of the data obtained it is concluded that natural sleep and that induced by the neuropeptide are nonequivalent.

[Concentration of proteins and RNA in neurons and gliocytes of the rat locus coeruleus during natural sleep and REM-sleep deprivation]. / Soderzhanie belkov i RNK v neironakh i gliotsitakh sinego piatna golovnogo mozga krys pri estestvennom sne i lishenii ego paradoksal'noi fazy.

Natural sleep entails an increase of the RNA concentration and absolute content (per 1 cell) in the gliocytes of the locus coeruleus and a decrease of the protein absolute content in the neuron cytoplasm. Within 24-hr REM-sleep deprivation, the protein and RNA concentrations remained constant in neurons and gliocytes whereas the RNA absolute content decreased in neurons; the 48-hr REM-sleep deprivation increased the protein concentration in neurons and glia (exceeding the wakefulness control values); protein absolute content in gliocytes increased as well, RNA concentration and absolute content remained equal to the control in neurons and in glia. In these respects the locus coeruleus differs from the supraoptic and red nucleus studied previously under the same conditions.

[Protein and RNA concentration in the supraoptic nucleus of the rat brain during sleep induced by delta-hypnogenic peptide]. / Soderzhanie belka i RNK v supraopticheskom iadre golovnogo mozga krys pri sne, vyzyvaemom del'ta gipnogennym peptidom.

It has been shown that specific sleep induced by suboccipital injection of a synthetic delta-hypnogen peptide (delta-sleep inducing peptide, according to M. Monnier) is not accompanied in rats by accumulation of proteins and RNA in the supraoptic nuclear glia--the anabolic process characteristic for natural sleep. At the same time, during this artificial sleep protein concentration in the cytoplasm of the neurones in this nucleus increased due to the corresponding reduction of cytoplasmic volume which is absent during natural sleep. These phenomena, observed during the sleep induced by delta-hypnogen peptide, are similar to those described during phylogenetically more ancient type of rest, i. e. cataleptiform immobility, which is typical of the lower vertebrates only.

[Neurochemical characteristics of rats during flight on the Kosmos-782 artificial satellite and after returning to earth]. / Nekotorye neirokhimicheskie kharakteristiki krys v usloviiakh poleta v iskusstvennom sputnike "Kosmos-782" i posle vozvrashcheniia na zemliu.

The brain of rats flown aboard the biosatellite Cosmos-782 was sampled immediately postflight and taken under neurochemical study. It was shown cytospectrophotometrically that the absolute content of RNA decreased by 20% in the cytoplasm of cerebellar Purkinje cells and remained unaltered in glial cells-satellites, and that the protein content did not change. In the frontal cortex (homogenates) the concentration of sulfhydryl groups decreased by 26%, activity of nonspecific cholinesterase by 33%. The activity of the latter in the cerebellum also diminished.

[Analysis of the action of a neuropeptide that induces delta-sleep in cats and white rats]. / Analiz deistviia neiropeptida, vyzyvaiushchego del'ta-son u koshek i belykh krys.

Suboccipital administration of the oligopeptide in a dose 15 or 20 micrograms/kg evokes within 15--20 min the electrographic (delta-sleep) and behavioural sleep in cats and albino rats. Oligopeptide administration significantly increases threshold reactions of EEG to sonic stimulation. Significant delay (for 50--90 min) of the development of paradoxical sleep was observed which is considered as a manifestation of inhibition of further development of sleep mechanisms due to the effect of neuropeptide. The data obtained indicate that natural sleep is not identical to that induced by the neuropeptide.

[Denaturation changes in the proteins of the membrane structures of the brain during deprivation of the paradoxical stage of sleep]. / Denaturatsionnye sdvigi belkov membrannykh struktur golovnogo mozga pri lishenii paradoksal'noi fazy sna.

24--96-hour REM-sleep deprivation entailed a rise of SH-group content in the proteins of the rat diencephalon and mesencephalon tissue homogenates, whereas SH-group content of the homogenates of the cortex, pons with medulla oblongata, and cerebellum remained unchanged. Neither did the content of SH-groups change in the soluble protein fraction nor the content of low-molecular thiol substances in the brain parts under study. From among the subcellular fractions of the brain-stem homogenate, the increase of SH-group content after 24-hour REM-sleep deprivation occurred in the synaptosomal and nuclear fractions but not in the mitochondrial one. The REM-sleep deprivation did not affect the --S--S-group content in these fractions. In the anterior parts of the brain-stem only REM-sleep deprivation led to conformational changes of structural proteins towards their denaturation but without rupture of the disulfide bonds.

[Effect of anticholinesterase agents on the protein and RNA content in the cells of the supraoptic nucleus during sleep and its disorder]. / Vliianie antikholinésteraznykh agentov na soderzhanie belkov i RNK v kletkakh supraopticheskogo iadra pri sne i ego narushenii.

In rats, administration of anticholinesterase drugs (both the penetrating blood-brain barrier armin and the nonpenetrating preparation Gd-42) prevented the decrease of protein content in the neurons and glia of the supraoptic nucleus, as well as of RNA content in the neurons which usually occurred in intact animals after 24-hr deprivation of the REM sleep by the Jouvet method (also with partial disturbance of the slow wave phase).

[Enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway in the brains of rats during long-term deprivation of the paradoxical stage of sleep]. / Fermenty pentozofosfatnogo puti v golovnom mozge krys pri dlitel'nom lishenii paradoksal'noi fazy sna.

The selective paradoxical sleep (PS) deprivation in rats entailed during first 2 days a drop in activity of glucose-6-phosphatehydrogenase by 80 and 60%, and of 6-phosphogluconatdehydrogenase -- by 20--35 and 40--50% in the brain-stem and the cortex, respectively. Activity of the transketolase decreased by 27--29% on the 2nd day of PS deprivation only. On the 4th day, normalizing of activity of all the enzymes under study except transketolase, was observed in both regions of the brain. The consumption of riboso-5-phosphate by the homogenate and level of phosphoketopentoses formation in it reflected, mainly, the dynamics of transketolase activity changes.

[Acid RNAase activity of lysosomes in different regions of rat brain during learning]. / Aktivnost' kislei RNKazy lizosom razlichnykh otdelov golognogo mozga krys pri obuchenii.

Establishment of a defence conditioned reflex in rats raised the level of total activity of acid RNAse (after treatment of the brain tissue with 0.1% Triton X-100) of lysosome-enriched fractions (LEF) in cerebral cortex and subcortical areas. This increase in the enzyme activity was higher in the Krushinsky-Molodkina rats than in Wistar those. The trained animals had a lower than control release of the acid RNAse from the brain cortex lysosomes under effect of the hiotone addition.