ABSTRACT
Astaxanthin production in the wild strain Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous TISTR 5730 was investigated using different mustard waste media, including mustard waste residue extract (MRE), mustard waste residue hydrolysate (MRH), mustard waste precipitated extract (MPE), and mustard waste precipitated hydrolysate (MPH). The growth of X. dendrorhous and the production of astaxanthin were dependent on the type and initial concentrations of mustard waste media. The MPH medium was the best substrate resulting in yields of biomass and astaxanthin of 19.6 g/L and 25.8 mg/L, respectively, under optimal conditions. MPH medium improved astaxanthin production 11-fold compared to the commonly used commercial yeast malt medium, and 1.3-2.1-fold compared to other mustard waste media.
Subject(s)
Basidiomycota/metabolism , Mustard Plant/metabolism , Basidiomycota/drug effects , Basidiomycota/growth & development , Biomass , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Mustard Plant/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/metabolism , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Xanthophylls/biosynthesisSubject(s)
Diagnostic Imaging , Hodgkin Disease/diagnosis , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Combined Modality Therapy , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Hodgkin Disease/mortality , Hodgkin Disease/pathology , Hodgkin Disease/therapy , Humans , Male , Neoplasm Staging , Predictive Value of Tests , PrognosisSubject(s)
Hodgkin Disease/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Diagnostic Imaging , Female , Hodgkin Disease/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Predictive Value of Tests , PrognosisSubject(s)
Diagnostic Imaging , Hodgkin Disease/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hodgkin Disease/mortality , Hodgkin Disease/therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy , Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Second Primary/mortality , Neoplasms, Second Primary/therapy , Predictive Value of Tests , Survival Rate , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: A randomized clinical trial from Great Britain suggested a possible beneficial effect of acetylsalicylate in the prevention of radiation-induced bowel toxicity. Olsalazine is an orally administered drug designed to deliver 5-aminosalicylate to the large bowel with minimal systemic absorption. A randomized clinical trial was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of olsalazine in preventing acute diarrhea in patients receiving pelvic radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients receiving pelvic radiation therapy were randomized, in double-blind fashion, to olsalazine 250 mg, two capsules twice daily, or an identical appearing placebo, two capsules twice daily. Patients were then evaluated weekly during radiation therapy for the primary study endpoint, diarrhea, as well as rectal bleeding, abdominal cramping, and tenesmus. RESULTS: The study was closed early, after entry of 58 evaluable patients, when a preliminary analysis showed excessive diarrhea in patients randomized to olsalazine. The incidence and severity of diarrhea were worse in patients randomized to olsalazine (p = 0.0036). Sixty percent of the patients randomized to olsalazine experienced Grade 3 or 4 diarrhea compared to only 14% randomized to placebo. There was also a trend toward higher incidence and greater severity of abdominal cramping in patients who were randomized to olsalazine (p = 0.084). CONCLUSION: Administration of olsalazine during pelvic radiation therapy resulted in an increased incidence and severity of diarrhea. Olsalazine is contraindicated in patients receiving pelvic radiation therapy.
Subject(s)
Aminosalicylic Acids , Diarrhea/prevention & control , Pelvic Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Aged , Contraindications , Defecation/drug effects , Diarrhea/chemically induced , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Double-Blind Method , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Spasm/chemically inducedABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Gamma interferon has a wide range of properties, including the ability to sensitize solid tumor cells to the effects of ionizing radiation. The North Central Cancer Treatment Group has previously completed pilot studies of accelerated hyperfractionated thoracic radiation therapy (AHTRT) in patients with unresectable Stage IIIA/B nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This Phase I study was designed to assess the toxicity of concomitant gamma interferon and AHTRT in a similar patient population. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between December 1991 and May 1992, 18 patients with unresectable Stage IIIA/B NSCLC were treated with daily gamma interferon (0.2 mg subcutaneously) concomitant with AHTRT (60 Gy given in 1.5 Gy twice daily fractions). All patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 with weight loss < 5%. Eight patients had Stage IIIA and 10 had Stage IIIB disease. RESULTS: Nine patients (50%) experienced severe, life-threatening, or fatal toxicities. Eight of the patients (44%) developed significant radiation pneumonitis, which was severe in six patients and fatal in two patients (11% treatment-related mortality). Two patients (11%) developed severe radiation esophagitis. With follow-up of 15-21 months, 2 patients are alive, and 16 have died. The median survival time and 1-year survival rate is 7.8 months and 38%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Gamma interferon appeared to sensitize normal lung tissue to the effects of radiation, as demonstrated by the high incidence of severe or fatal radiation pneumonitis. We do not recommend pursuing gamma interferon as a radiosensitizer in this setting.
