ABSTRACT
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and vitamin D, nerve growth factor (NGF) and oxidative stress markers in patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: Ninety-six patients with type 1 diabetes were included in the study. All patients were evaluated for DPN with Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, lipid parameters, 25 (OH) D3, NGF, total oxidant status, total antioxidant status and oxidative stress index were measured. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients (27 %) had DPN (group 1) and 70 patients did not have neuropathy (group 2). When the groups were evaluated with respect to general demographic characteristics, no differences were detected. Mean age, duration of diabetes and retinopathy were found significantly higher in patients who had neuropathy. Glomerular filtration rate levels were significantly lower in the neuropathy group. Between the groups, 25 (OH) vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the neuropathy group, while there were no differences in NGF levels or in oxidative stress markers. Michigan neuropathy examination score was positively correlated with age, and diabetes duration was negatively correlated with 25 (OH) vitamin D levels. In addition, 25 (OH) vitamin D was positively correlated with NGF. In the logistic regression analysis to determine the independent variables that will affect the development of neuropathy, duration of diabetes was detected as the only factor (p = 0.039, OR = 1.071). CONCLUSION: It seems that the most important risk factor for the development of neuropathy in type 1 diabetic patients is disease duration.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Diabetic Neuropathies/drug therapy , Vitamin D/pharmacology , Adult , Biomarkers/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetic Neuropathies/blood , Diabetic Neuropathies/etiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Humans , Male , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Risk Factors , Vitamin D/bloodABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) may be classified as cryptogenic (idiopathic) and secondary. There are no clear clinical and radiological features distinguishing between idiopathic and secondary BOOP. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the etiologic factors, clinical and radiological features, diagnostic approach and response to therapy at onset and outcome in subjects with BOOP. METHODS: The medical files of Erciyes University Hospital from 1995 to 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with biopsy-proven BOOP were selected for evaluation. The etiology and initial features of BOOP, treatment, resolution, relapse, and survival were obtained from medical records, and a follow-up patient questionnaire. RESULTS: We have diagnosed 26 cases (13 males /13 females) with BOOP syndrome (mean age 54 +/- 15 years, range 14-93). More than half the patients (58%) were classified as idiopathic BOOP. Patients presented with cough (92%), dyspnea (70%), pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis and fever (50%). The biopsy specimens had been obtained by transbronchial and/or transthoracic lung biopsy in 18 cases (69%). At radiological evaluation, there were bilateral patchy alveolar and/or interstitial infiltrates in 16 patients (62%), and solitary pneumonic involvement in 10 patients (38%). Three patients recovered spontaneously, 5 remained cured after resection of the focal lesion. Corticosteroid therapy was given in 17 patients (65%). Apart from four patients who died (death was attributable to BOOP in only 1 patient) and three patients who relapsed, the prognosis was good in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The etiology of BOOP is usually idiopathic. We observed that hemoptysis and pleuritic chest pain were a relatively frequent symptom in BOOP in the present series, in contrast to previous observations. The diversity of radiological and clinical presentations including hemotysis and pleuritic chest pain should prompt consideration of the diagnosis in patients with persisting pulmonary symptoms and radiological findings.
Subject(s)
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia/diagnosis , Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia/etiology , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Amiodarone/adverse effects , Animals , Chest Pain/etiology , Connective Tissue Diseases/complications , Cough/etiology , Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia/drug therapy , Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia/surgery , Dyspnea/etiology , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Female , Hemoptysis/etiology , Humans , Immune System Diseases/complications , Interferons/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged , Radiography, Thoracic , Retrospective Studies , Steroids/therapeutic use , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to investigate the depression prevalence using Beck Depression Inventory between the students attending to the first and last classes of Dentistry Faculty. We expected to find low depression prevalence in the first class students and high depression prevalence in the last class students. In the study, we have Beck Depression Inventory which included twenty one sentences to 84 Dentistry Faculty students. The results were evaluated by the psychiatrist. In conclusion, expected consequences were supported. We found that depression percentage was above 50% among Dentistry Faculty students.
