Effect of Propolis on Salivary Glands After Radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of increasing propolis doses on salivary glands exposed to radiotherapy (RT). METHODS: Thirty-seven rats were divided into 4 groups: The control group (G0, n: 7), G1 group (n: 10), G2 group (n: 10), and G3 group (n: 10). The rats in the G1 group received 15 Gray (Gy) RT only to the head and neck area. The rats in the G2 and G3 groups received 15 Gy RT for the head and neck area along with 100 mg/kg/ml and 200 mg/kg/ml of propolis. The parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands of rats were immunohistochemically stained with aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) and aquaporin-5 (AQP-5). They were also evaluated for malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPO), total antioxidant (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS). RESULTS: AQP-1 and AQP-5 values were highest in G0 group followed by G3, G2, and G1 groups in decreasing order. The MDA and TOS values were highest in G1 group, which was followed by G2, G3, and G0 groups. The highest GPO, SOD, and TAS values were observed in G0 group followed by G3, G2, and G1 groups in decreasing order. CONCLUSION: It was found that propolis increased antioxidant products and decreased oxidative products in the salivary glands receiving RT in parallel with the dose increase. Similarly, in the groups receiving propolis, an increase in the immune expression of aquaporin molecules was detected in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these data, it could be stated that propolis has a healing effect on the salivary glands exposed to RT.

Retrospective analysis of dental implants immediately placed in extraction sockets with periapical pathology: immediate implant placement in infected areas.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to examine the survival rates of immediate implants placed in extraction sockets with chronic periapical pathology. METHODS: 69 patients and 124 immediate implants were included in the study. The patients included in the study were examined in 3 groups. Group 1: Patients who underwent tooth extraction with periapical pathology and immediate implant placement. Group 2: patients who underwent tooth extraction with periapical pathology, immediate implant placement and guided bone regeneration. Group 3: Patients who underwent tooth extraction with periapical pathology, sinus lift procedure and immediate implant placement. In statistical analysis, t-test and Anova analysis were used in the evaluation of quantitative data, cross-tables and chi-square (χ2) test were used in the evaluation of classified qualitative data. Statistical significance was determined as p < 0.05. RESULTS: It was observed that 116 (95.55%) of 124 implants were successful and 8 (4.45%) failed. The success rate was 97.2% in Group 1, 93.5% in Group 2 and 81.8% in Group 3. A significant correlation was found between the study groups and implant success in terms of χ2 test (p = 0.037). A significant relationship was found between smoking and success in terms of the χ2 test (p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: High survival rates are observed for immediate implant placement in sockets with periapical pathology. The success rates observed in guided bone regenerations simultaneously with immediate implant placement are at satisfactory levels. In cases where simultaneous sinus lifting procedures are required, the success rates were observed to be significantly lower. In case of adequate curettage and debridement in sockets with periapical pathology, high implant survival rates are observed. As the complexity of the surgical procedure increases, treatment protocols may progress in safer ways.

Evaluation of the effects of arthrocentesis combined with occlusal stabilization splint on disc displacement without reduction-induced acute and closed lock. A prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: Disc displacement without reduction (DDWoR) of the temporomandibular joint is associated with limited mouth opening and arthralgia. In the natural course of the disorder, there is a tendency to progress to degenerative joint diseases. First-line treatment aims to reduce pain and restore joint function. The current study aims to examine the efficacy of an occlusal stabilization splint applied simultaneously with arthrocentesis as first-line treatment in acute and chronic closed-locks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present prospective clinical trial included 40 patients who were diagnosed with DDWoR induced chronic (Group 1, n = 23) and acute (Group 2, n = 17) closed-locks. All participants underwent single session arthrocentesis and were applied occlusal stabilization splints. Maximum mouth opening amounts (MMO), Visual analogue scale (VAS), and McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ) scores were evaluated at baseline, on the operation day, and on seven days after the intervention. The obtained data was analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank, Mann-Whitney U, Fisher's exact, Spearman's correlation tests. RESULTS: According to the baseline data, a significant increase was observed in the amount of MMO in postoperative measurements (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001). A statistically significant decrease in MPQ scores was observed in the postoperative period (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). While a significant difference was observed between the postoperative VAS scores, the scores of Group 2 were lower (p = 0.018). CONCLUSION: Although combined arthrocentesis and occlusal stabilization splint provided significant changes for acute and chronic closed-locks in line with first-line treatment goals, acute closed-lock with arthralgia responded better. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05671549.

Fractured needle as an unusual complication of the lingual nerve block: a case report.

Although rare, hypodermic needle fractures can occur in the maxillofacial region. In cases of fracture, urgent intervention is required to prevent further complications. We present the case of a 37-year-old female patient with a fractured needle in the left sublingual fossa during a lingual nerve block 6 months before referral. The fragment of a 30-gauge needle was located using cone-beam computed tomography and retrieved under local anesthesia with blunt dissection. The patient recovered uneventfully, except for predictable postoperative inflammatory complications, which resolved within 2 weeks. Precautions should be implemented to prevent needle fractures, which are usually preventable. However, if the retrieval is unsuccessful, the patient should be referred to a well-equipped surgical unit without delay.

Evaluation of postoperative changes in the course of mandibular canals impacted by cystic lesions.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine the positional alterations in the course of mandibular canal, which were caused by the common cystic lesions in the posterior mandible. Also, the effects of treatment methods on bone formation were evaluated. METHODS: We designed a retrospective cohort study with patients which were treated due to cystic lesions in the maxillofacial region between the years 2012-2018. Forty eight subjects were included and grouped regarding histopathologic diagnoses (radicular dentigerous and odontogenic keratocyst) and treatment methods (enucleation and marsupialization). The mean (range) of patients' age was 31.25 (18-66) years, and there were 32 male and 16 female individuals. The displacement of mandibular canals was verified on preoperative cone-beam computed tomographic images. The measurements of displacement and bone formation were performed on panoramic radiographs. In the statistical analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, parametric independent sample t-test, non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test, and one-way analysis of variance test were utilized. RESULTS: All the evaluated mandibular canals were replaced by a mean(SD) of 5.46(2.59) mm after the lesions eliminated, which was significant in the marsupialization group (p = 0.002). The bone formation was significantly higher in the enucleation group (p = 0.003). The multiple regression analyses revealed that the treatment methods significantly influenced the replacement of mandibular canal (p < 0.001) and the bone formation (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION: In cases where there is an adequate distance between the lesion and the mandibular canal, the enucleation technique was found to be superior in terms of bone formation and the amount of bone height obtained.

The effect of systemic application of propolis on tongue damage and oral mucositis in rats exposed to radiation.

PURPOSE: In this experimental study, the effect of dose-dense systemic application of propolis on oral mucosity, histological changes in papilla, and inflammatory and hypoxic markers in rats exposed to radiation was investigated. METHODS: Seven rats were in the control and 30 rats in the experimental group. Three experimental groups were formed. In Group 1 RT (15 Gy) was delivered only to the head and neck region. In Group 2, RT (15 Gy) and systemic administration of 100 mg/kg/ml propolis, in Group 3, RT (15 Gy) and systemic administration of 200 mg/kg/ml propolis were applied. Oral mucositis index (OMI) was scored in control and experimental groups. Proinflammatory markers [interleukin-6 (IL-6), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] hypoxia markers [glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)] were studied histomorphologically. RESULTS: The significantly highest OMI score was observed in the G1. OMI score was statistically significantly decreased in experimental groups receiving systemic propolis, especially in G3. Proinflammatory markers increased significantly only in the experimental RT group, G1. Serum levels of MPO and TNF-α significantly decreased in the dose-dense systemic propolis arm. The highest levels of hypoxia markers (HIF-1α and GLUT-1) were detected in the RT group, then in G2, G3, and control groups in order of decreasing frequency. However, the difference between the groups did not reach the level of statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Systemic propolis can be reduced acute mucositis with its anti-inflammatory effect without developing resistance to RT (tumor protection). However, greater number of clinical studies should be designed to arrive at definitive conclusions.

Acute treatment with dexketoprofen reduces penicillin induced epileptiform activity in wistar albino rats (dexketoprofen in penicillin induced seizure model).

AIM: Dexketoprofen trometamol is one of the most commonly used anti-inflammatory analgesic agents for pain control. This study aims to investigate the effect of dexketoprofen on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats. METHOD: In this study, 28 male Wistar rats weighing 220-240 g were used. Tripolar electrodes were implanted under urethane anesthesia. Epileptiform activity was induced by micro-injection of 500 units (IU) penicillin into the rats' left somatomotor cortex. Dexketoprofen (5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally after 30 min of penicillin injection. Epileptiform activity was evaluated by electrocorticography (ECoG). RESULTS: The low dose of dexketoprofen administration (5 mg/kg) reduced the mean spike frequency of epileptiform activity 60 min after its injection. However, 25 and 50 mg/kg dexketoprofen significantly reduced the mean spike frequency 30 min after the dexketoprofen injection compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The amplitudes of epileptiform discharges in all groups were unaffected (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that dexketoprofen had a significant anti-seizure effect when applied at 5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg (especially at 25 and 50 mg/kg), in the penicillin-induced seizure model. The obtained data revealed that dexketoprofen might play an essential role against epileptic seizures.

The effect of dexketoprofen trometamol on WAG/Rij rats with absence epilepsy (dexketoprofen in absence epilepsy).

AIM: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases. Dexketoprofen (DEX) is a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used as an analgesic. The present study aimed to assess the efficiency of DEX on WAG/Rij rats by electrophysiologically and behaviorally. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-eight male WAG/Rij rats were used. The effects of acute treatment with DEX (5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, i.p) on absence-like seizures, and related psychiatric comorbidity were assessed. The ECoG recording was taken for 180 min before and after drug injection. After drug injection and EcoG recording, anxiety-depression-like behavior was tested with the open field test for 5 min. RESULTS: The 5 mg/kg DEX significantly reduced the number and duration of SWDs percentage (p < 0.05) between 120 and 180 min, but 25 and 50 mg/kg DEX significantly increased the number and duration of SWDs percentage between 0 and 30 min (p < 0.05), and after 30 min the increase stopped (p > 0.05). And also, the 5 mg/kg DEX decreased the number and duration of SWDs percentage (p < 0.05) for 180 min (p < 0.05), but 25 and 50 mg/kg DEX administration did not alter (p > 0.05). The 5, 25, and 50 mg/kg doses of DEX significantly increased the duration of grooming (p < 0.05) but did not change the number of squares crossed (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Low dose DEX reduced absence-like seizures, but care should be taken when using high doses in absence epilepsy. Also, it may be beneficial for painful diseases accompanied by anxiety-depression.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Auriculotemporal Nerve Block in Temporomandibular Disorders.

AIMS: To investigate the effectiveness of the auriculotemporal nerve block (ATNB) technique in conjunction with noninvasive therapies for the treatment of disc displacement with reduction (DDWR) or without reduction (DDWOR) in addition to arthralgia of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). METHODS: The data of 22 patients diagnosed with DDWR and DDWOR whose clinical conditions did not improve despite noninvasive treatments were analyzed. ATNB was applied to each patient during the first visit and readministered at 1- and 4-week follow-up visits. Pain intensity values (0 to 10 visual analog scale [VAS] scores) were evaluated pre-ATNB and at the 6-month follow-up visit, and the maximal mouth opening values were measured pre-ATNB and at the 1-week, 4-week, and 6-month follow-up visits. RESULTS: Noninvasive therapies did not make a significant difference in the outcomes between the initial visit and first administration of ATNB (VAS P = .913, MMO P = .151). However, there were significant differences in outcomes between pre-ATNB and the 1-week (MMO P = .000), 4-week (MMO P = .000), and 6-month (VAS P = .027, MMO P = .000) follow-ups. CONCLUSION: ATNB may be considered as a supportive treatment approach in noninvasive TMJ disorder therapies.

Comparison of the effect of therapeutic elastic bandage, submucosal dexamethasone, or dexketoprofen trometamol on inflammatory symptoms and quality of life following third molar surgery: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the effects of preoperative single-dose submucosal corticosteroid injection and postoperative elastic therapeutic bandage application with postoperative non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug therapy on postoperative inflammatory symptoms and quality of life following mandibular third molar surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center, randomized, clinical trial was conducted with 52 patients (36 female, 16 male) who expected severe postoperative sequelae as a result of the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. The patients were randomized into three groups. In the preoperative submucosal corticosteroid injection group (n = 16), 8 mg/2 ml dexamethasone 21-phosphate was administered near operated sites. In the postoperative therapeutic elastic bandage application group (n = 19), Kinesio tapes were applied to operated sites. Paracetamol 500 mg was prescribed for the patients in the corticosteroid and elastic bandage application groups. In the postoperative non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug group (n = 17), 25 mg dexketoprofen trometamol was prescribed. Maximal mouth opening, swelling, pain, and Oral Health Impaction Profile scores were quantified preoperatively and postoperatively on the second and seventh days. Additionally, all patients were asked to evaluate the postoperative period by the Postoperative Symptom Severity Scale. RESULTS: Analysis of the obtained data revealed that on the second postoperative day, postoperative edema and trismus were significantly lower in the submucosal corticosteroid (p = 0.025, p = 0.03) and therapeutic elastic bandage (p = 0.032, p = 0.014) groups, and the patients in these groups had a more comfortable postoperative period than the group prescribed a postoperative non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (p = 0.016). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In oral surgery, postoperative elastic bandage application can provide results similar to those of preoperative submucosal corticosteroid injection with respect to inflammatory symptoms and quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04200885. Date of Registration: December 2019 (retrospectively registered).