Association between exposure to tobacco information through mass media, smoking households and secondhand smoke exposure in adolescents: Survey data from South Korea.

INTRODUCTION: To explore the current situation of exposure of Korean adolescents to secondhand smoke (SHS) in households our study aimed to determine the relationship between family member smoking status, exposure to tobacco information through mass media, and household SHS exposure. METHODS: The present study uses pooled data from the Korean adolescent health behavior online survey conducted in 2015, 2018 and 2021, with 157944 participants. The regression models were used to explore the association between the smoking status of households, and exposure to tobacco information through mass media, and household SHS exposure in adolescents, controlling for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: SHS exposure duration of Korean adolescents in households was 0.88 days per week. The households with smokers including the father (ß=1.087; 95% CI: 1.0-1.126), mother (ß=1.461; 95% CI: 1.379- 1.543), siblings (ß=0.545; 95% CI: 0.493-0.597), grandparents (ß=0.224; 95% CI: 0.174-0.272), and other relatives (ß=0.170; 95% CI: 0.126-0.214), showed a positive association with SHS exposure in adolescents within the household. At the same time, information about anti-smoking ads on television (ß= -0.042; 95% CI: -0.069 - -0.015) and public transportation (ß= -0.031; 95% CI: -0.054 - -0.010), showed a negative association with SHS exposure in adolescents. However, broadcasts, online, and newspaper non-smoking ads were not associated with SHS exposure (p>0.05). In addition, regression models revealed that exposure to cigarette advertising in magazines (ß=0.131; 95% CI: 0.097-0.166), networks (ß=0.151; 95% CI: 0.127-0.175), convenience stores (ß=0.061; 95% CI: 0.035-0.087), and supermarkets (ß=0.133; 95% CI: 0.108-0.158) is associated with SHS exposure in adolescents. Finally, our study showed stronger ties between SHS exposure, family smoking, and tobacco ads in girls. The link between maternal smoking, supermarket ads, and adolescent SHS exposure intensified in 2021 compared to 2015. CONCLUSIONS: Family and media were identified as potential factors associated with SHS exposure in adolescents. Therefore, publicity and education regarding household SHS hazards, and smoking bans in media, can be helpful in protecting adolescents from SHS.

Corrigendum: Association between exposure to tobacco information through mass media, smoking households and secondhand smoke exposure in adolescents: Survey data from South Korea.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18332/tid/175705.].

Understanding Chinese international students' perception of flu vaccination on U.S. college campuses.

Objective: This study examines Chinese international students' underlying beliefs and overall perception of the flu vaccination to inform effective health promotion efforts on U.S. college campuses. Participants: Data were collected in March 2020. Participants (N = 189) were recruited via email at a southeastern university in the U.S. Methods: Incorporating theory recommendations and recent vaccine-related research findings, this study designs a Four-Factor Measurement Model through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine Chinese international students' perception of flu vaccination. Results: Chinese international students' health beliefs, particularly their perceived susceptibility of the influenza virus, was the most important factor to explain their perception of flu vaccination. While normative beliefs were the least influential factor to account for Chinese international students' perception of flu vaccination, these students valued healthcare providers' opinions immensely. Conclusions: This study suggests the Four-Factor Measurement Model will help measure Chinese international students' perception of flu vaccination and can be applied to future vaccine-related research.

[Bone morphogenetic protein signal transduction pathway regulates runx2 expression in MC3T3 -E1 osteoblasts in vitro induced by centrifugation].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of Runx2 in osteoblasts in response to centrifugation in vitro and discuss the function of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signal transduction pathway in this course. METHODS: Cells were divided into four groups, group A, B, C and D, pretreated with DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 ng x mL(-1) Noggin and 100 ng x mL(-1) Noggin for 24 hours separately. 271 x g centrifugation was loaded for 5 min to these groups except group A and C, other conditions were the same. The total RNA of each group were extracted, and reversed transcription to cDNA after 30 min. The expression of Runx2 in response to centrifugation in vitro was analyzed by quantitative real time PCR. RESULTS: The expression of Runx2 mRNA in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (P < 0.05). The expression of Runx2 mRNA in group D was significantly lower than that in group B (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference among group A, C, D (P = 0.692). CONCLUSION: BMP signal transduction pathway plays an important role in the response of osteoblasts to mechanical stimulations. It may also play a central role in the cascade information dissemination of osteoblasts.