Hsa_circ_0088233 Alleviates Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Prostate Cancer by Targeting hsa-miR-185-3p.

Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system. The mechanisms of the initiation and progression of prostate cancer have not been fully elucidated. Increasing evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in cancer pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in prostate cancer tissues and explored the role of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. By screening a circRNA microarray assay, we found that circ_0088233 was upregulated in prostate cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and this upregulation can be verified in 46 pairs of prostate cancer and adjacent normal tissues examined using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. The level of circ_0088233 correlated with the TNM stage. Knockdown of circ_0088233 reduced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. In addition, miR-185-3p was identified as the downstream target of circ_0088233 using luciferase reporter assays and a biotinylated circ_0088233 probe pull-down assay. The miR-185-3p level showed a negative correlation with the circ_0088233 level in prostate cancer tissues. Overexpression of circ_0088233 blocked the effects of miR-185-3p on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis. In conclusion, circ_0088233 may function as an oncogene and play an oncogenic role by sponging hsa-miR-185-3p. This study increases the understanding of circRNAs in the progression of prostate cancer. These results implicate circ_0088233 as a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer.

Rs145204276 and rs4759314 affect the prognosis of prostate cancer by modulating the GAS5/miR-1284/HMGB1 and HOTAIR/miR-22/HMGB1 signalling pathways.

Non-coding RNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PC). This study aims to characterize the role of GAS5 rs145204276 and HOTAIR rs4759314 polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of PC. Both INS allele of GAS5 rs145204276 and A allele of HOTAIR rs4759314 were identified to increase the survival of PC patients. And patients carrying DEL/DEL + AG genotypes tend to present higher levels of HMGB1, GAS5, HOTAIR and lower levels of miR-1284 and miR-22. In addition, the transcription activity of GAS5 promoter was increased by the deletion allele of rs145204276 polymorphism, while the G allele of rs4759314 polymorphism increased the transcription activity of HOTAIR promoter. GAS5 and HOTAIR could bind to miR-1284 and miR-22, respectively, while miR-1284 and miR-22 could bind to the 3'UTR of HMGB1. Compared with the control group, the expressions of miR-1284 or miR-22 were decreased with the presence of GAS5 or HOTAIR, and the expression of HMGB1 was the highest in the GAS5 + HOTAIR group. In summary, the findings of this study demonstrated that both GAS5 rs145204276 and HOTAIR rs4759314 polymorphisms could affect the prognosis of PC by modulating the expression of HMGB1 via modulating the GAS5/miR-1284/HMGB1 and HOTAIR/miR-22/HMGB1 signalling pathways.

Comparison of laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with posterior vaginal suspension and laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with transvaginal repair for patients with slow-transit constipation complicated with rectocele: a non-randomized comparative study in a single center.

BACKGROUND: Slow-transit constipation complicated with rectocele is a mixed constipation difficult to treat by surgery. Different hospitals and surgeons may employ different surgical procedures. The present study aims to compare the efficacy of laparoscopic subtotal colectomy (LSC) with posterior vaginal suspension and LSC with transvaginal repair for patients having refractory slow-transit constipation complicated with rectocele. METHODS: This paper is a retrospective study of 64 patients having refractory slow-transit constipation complicated with rectocele. Admitted from January 2002 to December 2012, the 64 patients were non-randomly divided into two groups: patients who underwent LSC with posterior vaginal suspension (Group A, 36 patients) and patients who underwent LSC with transvaginal repair (Group B, 28 patients). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in preoperative general characteristics and Wexner constipation score between Group A and Group B. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in operative time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups. One month after the surgery, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in early postoperative complications, constipation recurrence rate, degree of improvement in constipation symptoms, and Wexner constipation score between the two groups. But 1-year follow-up results show that there was statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in constipation recurrence rate, gastrointestinal quality of life index, the degree of improvement in constipation symptoms, and Wexner constipation score between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Compared with the LSC with transvaginal repair, the LSC with posterior vaginal suspension demonstrated better efficacy in treating refractory slow-transit constipation complicated with rectocele.

[Causes of anastomotic leakage after colorectal cancer laparoscopic-assisted surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the causes of postoperative anastomotic leakage of colorectal cancer. METHODS: A total of 1462 cases with colorectal cancer undergoing laparoscopic operation and intestinal anastomosis at our department over the last decade were analyzed retrospectively. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 13.0. The risk factors were analyzed by binary Logistic regression while the annual incidence of anastomotic leakage by trend χ(2) test. RESULTS: Thirty anastomotic leakage occurred in 1462 cases with an incidence rate of 2.1%. There were significant correlations of anastomotic leakage with body built, tumor location, tumor size, operation time (χ(2) = 6.117, 50.167, 36.693, 4.481, P = 0.013, 0.000, 0.000, 0.034). However, there was no correction with gender, age or histological type (P = 0.871, 0.775, 1.000). Then the significance check of binary Logistic regression equation was performed. Tumor location was an independent risk factor of postoperative anastomotic leakage for colorectal cancer. The relative risk was 2.056. The annual incidence of anastomotic leakage was statistically insignificant (χ(2) = 1.827, P = 0.176). And the difference was. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of anastomotic leakage after colorectal cancer surgery is significantly correlated with body built, tumor location, tumor size and operation time. And tumor location below peritoneal reversal is an independent risk factor of anastomotic leakage.

[Expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog in lower rectal cancer on neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) in low rectal cancer on neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine plus radiotherapy. METHODS: Sixty-six patients with low rectal cancer on therapy with capecitabine (1650 mg×m(-2)×d(-1) in 2 divided doses) for two course and concurrent radiotherapy (50 Gy, 2 Gy/day, 5 days a week). Then the investigators analyzed the relationship between the preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and prognosis and measured the expression of PTEN during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: 92.4% (61/66) of patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy as planned. 87.9% (58/66) tumor stages were down-staged, tumor size decreased while the distance from anal edge increased. And curative resection with sphincter-sparing was carried out in all patients. The rate of sphincter preservation was 90.9% (60/66). Among which, 85.5% patients showed an excellent function of sphincter. The 2-year survival rate was 87.9% (58/66). The survival period was an average of 35.3 months (range: 25-60). The PTEN mRNA and protein expression in cancer tissues on neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were significantly higher than those before neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (P=0.0079, 0.0269). CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in lower rectal cancer patients has shown its efficacy in down-staging cancer, enhancing resectability, offering sphincter preservation, up-regulating PTEN expression, promoting the apoptosis of cancer cell and achieving a better survival rate. Thus preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is an effective adjuvant measure.

[Preoperative chemoradiotherapy with FOLFOX in low rectal cancer: a multicenter study].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the toxicity and safety of FOLFOX regimen concurrent with radiotherapy in neoadjuvant setting in patients with low rectal cancer. METHODS: Fifty-six patients with stage T(3-4)N(0)M(0) and T(1-4)N(1-2)M(0) were eligible from Aug. 2004 to Jul. 2007. Upon entry the study, they received 4 cycles of chemotherapy with FOLFOX regimen. Radiotherapy was added from the second cycle of chemotherapy (CT). The total dose of radiotherapy (RT) was 46 Gy (2 Gy x 23). Total mesorectal excision (TME) was performed 4-8 weeks after RT. RESULTS: Among them, 54 cases received 4 cycles of CT, 1 patient stopped CT after the second cycle of CT because of unrecovery from neutropenia. One patient stopped chemoradiotherapy(CRT) because of complicating with active pulmonary tuberculosis after 2 cycles of CT and 10 times of RT. Two occurred liver, lung and bone metastases after CT. Totally 220 cycles of CT were administrated. Fifty-two patients received operation after CRT, 50 with anal interior sphincter reservation, 19 with prophylactic ileac stoma. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 2 patients after operation, and rectal vaginal fistula in 2 patients 1 month after operation. According to the pathologic results, 7 patients achieved complete response, 41 partial response, 4 stable disease, and the objective response rate was 85.7%. CONCLUSION: Concomitant treatment of FOLFOX regimen and RT in neoadjuvant setting of rectal cancer was safe and tolerable, and it suggests that protective ileostomy for anastomotic leakage following anus-preserving operation should be performed.

Thymidylate synthase and thymidine phosphorylase gene expression as predictive parameters for the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

AIM: To investigate the prognostic role of thymidylate synthase (TS) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) mRNA levels in T3 or T4 gastric cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: Fifty-one patients with T3 or T4 gastric cancer received systemic 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy, and intratumoral expression of TS and TP in 51 gastric cancer tissue samples was tested by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS: The median disease-free survival (DFS) time was 10.2 mo in the patients. There were no significant differences in DFS between the groups with high and low levels of TP. However, the group with low level of TS had a longer DFS (14.4 mo vs 8.3 mo, P = 0.017). The median overall survival (OS) time was 18.5 mo, and there were significant differences in OS between the groups with high and low levels of TS or TP (for TS, 17.0 mo vs 21.3 mo, P = 0.010; for TP, 16.6 mo vs 22.5 mo, P = 0.009). Moreover, the coupled low expression of these two genes was strongly associated with a longer survival time of patients as compared with that of a single gene. CONCLUSION: Expression of TS and TP mRNA is a useful predictive parameter for the survival of postoperative gastric cancer patients after 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

[Comparative study of colostomy in the laparoscopic-assisted abdominoperineal resection].

OBJECTIVE: To compare two different procedures of colostomy in the laparoscopic- assisted abdominoperineal resection(LAPR), and to reduce the related complications of colostomy. METHODS: Sixty- three cases with anorectal cancer undergone LAPR from June 2001 to December 2005 were registered and followed up. Circular stapler anastomosis with sigmoid colon and abdominal skin were applied on 61 cases of the colostomy, and 2 cases were hand sutured. All patients were assigned to group A and B. Thirty- seven cases received the procedure of colostomy through the rectus abdominis peritoneally in group A,other 26 cases through extraperitoneal tunnel and the rectus abdominis in group B. RESULTS: Descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum were dissected using laparoscopic instruments in 63 cases. No conversion to open procedure and no operative death occurred in two groups of patients. There was no significant difference between two groups in mean operation time, but significant differences were found in the time of return of bowl function[A group (2.4 +/- 1.1)d vs B group (1.9 +/- 0.8)d,P < 0.05], duration of postoperative hospital stay [A group (19.9 +/- 7.8)d vs B group (14.5 +/- 3.9)d,P < 0.01] and stoma related complications(A group 29.4% vs B group 4.0%,P < 0.05). Postoperative hospital stay were shorter, and less colostomy related complications were found in group B. CONCLUSION: Colostomy through extraperitoneal tunnel and the rectus abdominis is a better procedure in LAPR, which can reduce the related complications of colostomy and shorten postoperative hospital stay.

[Association of estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms and primary trigeminal neuralgia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of estrogen receptor (ER) gene polymorphism and primary trigeminal neuralgia. METHODS: By polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), ER gene polymorphism was analyzed in 20 trigeminal neuralgia (TR) patients and 20 control individuals, and the distribution of ER genotype was compared in TR group and control group. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in frequencies of allele and genotype in XbaI or PvuII polymorphism or XbaI with PvuII polymorphisms together between TR group and control group (P > 0.05). The genotypic distribution of Xx or PpXx in TR group was higher than control group, and it was contary to xx, ppxx or Ppxx in TR group and control group. CONCLUSION: XbaI or PvuII polymorphism may be related to TR. Women with PpXx genotype may be a dangerous factor to primary trigeminal neuralgia.