ABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate whether activation of RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) is involved in myocardial fibrosis in diabetic hearts. METHODS: A rat model of type 2 diabetes was established using high fat diet combined with streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, ip). Animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: control rats, untreated diabetic rats that received vehicle and treated diabetic rats that received Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil hydrochloride hydrate (10 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip, for 14 weeks). Cardiac contractile function was evaluated in vivo. The morphological features of cardiac fibrosis were observed using immunohistochemistry and TEM. The mRNA expression of JNK, TGFß1, type-I, and type-III procollagen was assessed with RT-PCR. The phosphorylation of MYPT1, JNK and Smad2/3, as well as the protein levels of TGFß1 and c-Jun, were evaluated using Western blotting. RESULTS: In untreated diabetic rats, myocardial fibrosis was developed and the heart contractility was significantly reduced as compared to the control rats. In the hearts of untreated diabetic rats, the mRNA expression level and activity of JNK were upregulated; the expression of TGFß1 and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 were increased. In the hearts of treated diabetic rat, activation of JNK and TGFß/Smad was significantly decreased, myocardial fibrosis was reduced, and cardiac contractile function improved. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that fasudil hydrochloride hydrate ameliorates myocardial fibrosis in rats with type 2 diabetes at least in part through inhibiting the JNK and TGFß/Smad pathways. Inhibition of RhoA/ROCK may be a novel therapeutic target for prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , Endomyocardial Fibrosis/metabolism , Myocardium/metabolism , rho-Associated Kinases/metabolism , rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism , Animals , Female , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Hepatic infarction rarely occurs due to the double supply of arterial and portal inflow. A 53-year-old man with diabetes mellitus developed multiple hepatic infarctions after an episode of fever and diarrhea. The infarction was documented by pathology after partial liver resection. Several causes of hepatic infarction may present in this patient: dehydration and hypotension caused by fever and diarrhea, type 2 diabetes and administration of glibenclamide, diabetic ketoacidosis and widespread atherosclerosis. We suggest that diabetic patient with elevated liver enzyme should be considered the possibility of hepatic infarction.
