ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the intramedullary nail and conventional plate for the treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures from clinical comparative trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive search of English databases was carried out in the Springer, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases until September 2023. Studies on calcaneal fractures treated by an intramedullary nail or a plate were considered for inclusion. Endpoints included duration of operation, length of hospital stay, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, postoperative functional score, radiological parameters, and complications. The mean difference (MD) and risk difference (RD) as the combined variables, as well as the 95% confidence intervals, (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: Five retrospective controlled studies covering 473 feet at the one-year follow-up met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis demonstrated that there were significant differences in the duration of operation (MD: -10.81; 95% CI: -16.32, -5.31; p=0.0001), length of hospital stay (MD: -3.65; 95% CI: -4.35, -2.95; p<0.00001). No significant differences were found regarding postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale (MD: 0.36; 95% CI: -3.89, 4.61; p=0.87), VAS (MD: 1.95; 95% CI: -0.30, 4.21; p=0.09), or postoperative Böhler angle (MD: 0.94; 95% CI: -0.04, 1.92; p=0.06) between the two groups. The incidence of total complications (RD: -0.31; 95% CI: -0.46, -0.17; p<0.0001) and wound-healing complications (RD: -0.16; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.03; p=0.02) were lower in the intramedullary nail group. There were no significant differences in the incidences of revision surgery, implant removal, superficial wound infection, deep infection, and nonunion. CONCLUSION: Compared to conventional plates, the intramedullary nail showed a shorter duration of operation, reduced length of hospital stay, and fewer postoperative total complications and wound-healing complications in treating displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures.
