ABSTRACT
Various haematological markers have been shown to be diagnostic and prognostic in oral cancer. This study compares the values of the inflammatory metrics neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), ESR and HB in precancerous and cancerous lesions to see if one of them can be utilised to make an early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. To compare haematological markers as a diagnostic marker to differentiate healthy individuals, oral potentially malignant disorders from oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. One hundred fifty patients were divided into three groups which includes 50 apparently healthy individuals (group A), 50 individuals with premalignant disorders (group B) and 50 individuals with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (group C). The levels of various haematological parameters obtained from 5 ml of intravenous blood was drawn from each subject were compared between these three groups. Using Kruskal Wallis and the Mann Whitney post hoc U test, comparisons between the NLR values were examined. A total of number of 150 individuals were included in the current study. The mean age is 43.3 years out of which 49 (81.6%) were male and 11(18.3%) were female. The mean NLR in group 1, 2 and 3 were 2.16, 3.12 and 3.67 respectively and mean PLR were 91.1, 110.3 and 160.6 respectively. The mean Hb content was 14.8, 13.77 and 12.76 respectively. The mean ESR was 9.65, 17.2 and 27.4 respectively. These parameters can be used as valuable adjuvant in identifying and understanding the nature of disease of both potentially malignant diseases and oral cancer.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The frequency and patterns of maxillofacial fractures vary by country, based on demographic, socioeconomic, cultural and environmental factors. Wearing a helmet is an efficient form of head protection for two-wheeler drivers and is now required in the vast majority of countries. The aim of this study was to compare the patterns of maxillofacial trauma in patients who wore helmets and those who did not. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data were gathered from clinical records of patients presenting with maxillofacial trauma between January 2019 and February 2022. The inclusion criteria were met by subjects involved in two-wheeler accidents with comprehensive case records and radiological investigations. RESULTS: A total of 177 people presented following maxillofacial trauma. The mean age was 34.2 ± 12.7 years. There were 151 (85.3%) males and 26 (14.6%) females. One hundred and two patients had not been wearing a helmet, while 75 patients were wearing a helmet at the time of the accident. Mandible fractures were the most common injury in both groups, followed by zygomatic arch fractures (which were more common in non-helmet users) and dentoalveolar fractures in helmet users. CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference in the pattern and severity of maxillofacial trauma in helmet users and non-helmet users.
