[The patients' evaluation of medical service at the out-patient level].

The article presents the results of questionnaire survey of patients' opinions about out-patient medical care. The survey was carried out using the Doctors' Interpersonal Skills Questionnaire during 12 months. The sampling consisted of 14.712 respondents. The lowest rates out of 11 parameters analyzed received parameters Q5 (Could the doctor reassure you?) and Q7 (Did the doctor help you to express your feelings and fears?). Such a situation was common for all medical specialties. Unexpectedly, combination of low estimate of mentioned parameters with their low correlation and resultant satisfaction with medical care was established. The resultant satisfaction with medical service by general practitioners (family doctors) was less dependent from physician's respectful attitude to patient than attention of physician to personal circumstances of patient choosing treatment. The patients of endocrinologists noted that the least input into resultant satisfaction with medical care was related to ability of physician to assist them to express their fears, and the greatest input was given to first impression from manner and mode of how physician received patient. The least input into resultant satisfaction of patients with medical services by cardiologists was made by respectful attitude of physician and the most input was attributed to way of how physician considers patient's personal circumstances in treatment selection. The patients of gastroenterologists mentioned physician's ability to reassure patient as least input into resultant satisfaction with medical care, and attention to way of how physician considers patient's personal circumstances in treatment selection as most input.

[The communicative skills of physicians in ambulatory practice].

The effectiveness of medical care in most cases depends on the quality of information exchange between patient and physician. The knowledge of communicative skills makes it possible for physician to settle more effectively the curative diagnostic and organizational issues in the process of providing medical care to patients. The information support and fundamental theoretical training of physicians not always correspond to modern considerations on patient-physician relationship. The long-standing traditions and profound development of theoretical issues of effective exchange of information between patient and physician provide researchers, practical physicians and teachers large possibilities in significant progressing in the field of development of communication technologies in the system of national public health system.

[The prevention of complaints concerning quality of medical services: the role of communicative skills of medical personnel].

The effective monitoring and prevention of complaints are obligatory elements of management of medical institution. The training of physicians to communicative skills has and additional positive potential in the process of prevention of occurrence of complaints. The training of physicians to communicative skills following procedure of patient-centered counseling makes it possible to significantly decrease number of complaints about quality of medical care in ambulatory medical institution. The training technology is to be convenient for simultaneous training of large amount of physicians.

[On the history of teaching to Russian physicians the communicative skills].

The views of G.A. Zkhariin and S.P. Botkin, the founders of national therapeutic scientific schools, concerning the skills of communication with patients drastically differed. The detailed systematic questioning, the priority of examining the anamnesis data prior to the results of instrumental examination are the characteristic traits of the technique developed by G.A. Zkhariin. S.P. Botkin proposed to apply the communicative technology targeted on the questioning and gathering the anamnesis data in a free manner and having minor importance in comparison with the instrumental examination.

[Functional morphology of the myocardium and carotid paraganglion of dogs during electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve in experimental stenocardia]. / Funktsional'naia morfologiia miokarda i sonnogo paragangliia sobak pri élektricheskoi stimuliatsii nerva karotidnogo sinusa v usloviiakh éksperimental'noi stenokardii.

Histochemical methods demonstrated the recovery of the glycogen content, the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase as well as increased fluorescence of catecholaminergic nerves in short-term ischemized myocardium (experimental angina pectoris) after stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve. At the same time, a decrease in the number of cells containing catecholamines in the carotid paraganglion was observed which might indicate their discharge into the blood. Normalization of the histochemical values in ischemized myocardium after stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve allows this method to recommend for investigations in clinical practice.