[Analysis of the diet and food structure of the daily diet of children aged 3-17 years in the Russian Federation].

A healthy diet is a necessary condition for the normal physical and mental development of children, which has a significant impact on the ability to withstand the effects of adverse environmental factors and determines the health of future generations. Healthy nutrition of children and adolescents is important not only for the normal physical and mental development of the child, but also as a factor determining the health of future generations. It is important for the preservation of the child's health to have a proper diet, that is, the distribution of the amount of food during the day (the multiplicity of meals), its energy value, chemical composition, food set for individual meals, a certain time of intake and the duration of intervals between meals. The aim of the study - to analyze the diet, nutrient and energy consumption and the structure of the food set of various meals in children aged 3-17 years. Material and methods. Analysis of the actual nutrition of about 18 000 children on the basis of primary materials obtained by the Federal State Statistics Service during the Selective observation of the diets of the population. Results. An analysis of nutrition of children aged 3-17 showed that the majority of children (67.9%) had three main meals with a hot meal (breakfast, lunch, dinner), while they accounted for the largest amounts of energy consumption in all age groups. Supplementary meals (evening snack and second breakfast) were characterized by the lowest calorie value, the afternoon snack occupied an intermediate position in terms of energy consumption. At the same time, energy consumption with the main meals as a % of the daily calorie intake did not correspond to the recommended values. A shift in energy consumption to the second half of the day, including just before bedtime, was revealed, especially in older children, which is a bad eating habit that can contribute to weight gain in a child. Bread products, cereals and cereal dishes made the greatest contribution to the daily calorie intake of children of all ages (32.4- 33.0%). Meat products occupied the second position in the share of daily calorie content (12.8-21.2%), dairy products provided 9.5-14.0% of daily energy, and among preschoolers their consumption, in contrast to meat products, was the highest, and among older schoolchildren - the lowest. An additional 8.3 to 14.9% of energy came from sugars found in non-dairy drinks, confectionery, chocolate, jams, and other sweets. Conclusion. An analysis of the diet and food structure of the daily ration of children aged 3-17 revealed deviations from the principles of healthy eating, especially in schoolchildren: energy consumption with the main meals did not meet the recommended norms, a significant proportion of the calorie intake fell on the second half of the day. Differences in the contribution of meals, as well as individual foods and dishes, to the total daily calorie value of diets in children, depending on age, have been established.

[Modern strategies for cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction and percutaneous coronary intervention].

Modern cardiac rehabilitation represents a structured, multicomponent program, which includes physical activity, education of the patient, modification of the health behavior, and psychological and social support. In EU countries, only 44.8% of patients with ischemic heart disease receive a recommendation to participate in any form of rehabilitation, and only 36.5% of all patients presently have an access to any rehabilitation program. Systematic analysis of programs for prevention of cardiovascular diseases and for rehabilitation in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and percutaneous coronary intervention showed that complex programs can still reduce all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and frequency of recurrent MI and stroke. These programs include key components of cardiac rehabilitation, reduction of six or more risk factors, and effective control by drug therapy.

[An analysis of the diet of members of the Russian national men's water polo team during the sports training camps].

Increasing the adaptive capacity of professional athletes depends on proper nutrition, especially in training and competitions' period. In this regard, it is relevant to study the actual nutrition and assess its compliance with the energy expenditure of athletes. The aim - to study the actual nutrition and energy expenditure of athletes from male water polo national team of the Russian Federation in the competitive period. Material and methods. In March 2018, 15 highly skilled sportsmen-men engaged in water polo were examined; qualification - 11 masters of sports, 4 candidates for the master of sports; Slavic ethnos. The average age was 23.1±0.6 years. The actual nutrition was studied by a 24-hour food record method and by the frequency method. The anthropometric examination was carried out according to a unified method using standard medical scales, a medical height meter and a rubberized measuring tape. Measurement of energy expenditure and heart rate at rest and under load was performed on a bicycle ergometer using an wireless ergospirometer and a chest pulse meter. Results and discussion. The determination of daily energy expenditure in athletes of the men's Russian national water polo team showed that the average value was 4350±129 kcal. А peculiar feature of the diet of water polo players is its high caloric value (5165±539 kcal/day), caused by energy expenditure during physical exertion and additional thermogenesis in conditions of long training in water. Excessive (1.5 times in comparison with the recommended values) consumption of fats, including saturated fatty acids by 1.3 times, added sugar and added salt is a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, diseases of digestive organs, endocrine system, including type 2 diabetes. Low values of consumption of vegetables and fruits, dairy products, fish products and high levels of sugar and confectionery have been established. Conclusion. The imbalance of diets on two basic nutrients (fats, carbohydrates) has been revealed. The data obtained were the basis for the formation of individual recommendations on nutrition for each athlete, taking into account athletes' metabolic parameters and the level of physical activity. It is necessary to continue studies of anthropometric indices in dynamics for the most adequate assessment of the compliance of actual nutrition with energy consumption, and further correction of the diet in order to improve athletes' performance.

[Actual liquid consumption by highly qualified athletes in the mode of the training process].

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the actual intake of fluids by athletes of various sports during the day with one and two training sessions before, during and after workout. The dietary intake, including consumption of various types of liquid foods and beverages, was evaluated by the method of 24-hour recall in 280 athletes of high qualification (candidates for masters and masters of sports) of both gender of various sports during the training period. It has been established that the main drink of rehydration was drinking bottled water. Bottled water was consumed on average by 86% of athletes. It was consumed by 95-96% of sportsmen from the group of single combats and power kinds, whereas in other groups the share of water consumers was less - 67-79%. In second place in terms of percentage of consuming was tea. Consumption of sports drinks was observed only during training by athletes from the group of cyclic sports (31%) and single combat (11%). Calculating the per capita fluid intake of athletes who had 2 workouts a day showed that athletes from the martial arts group consumed the largest volumes of fluid in the mode of both training sessions as compared to representatives of other sports. Athletes of other sports consumed on average less liquid in the 2nd training mode compared to the 1st one. The total fluid intake during two training sessions was maximum in the group of martial arts and was minimum in the group of complex coordination sports. It should be specially noted a small proportion of athletes who consumed specialized sports drinks - only 17% of athletes and more than half of them - cyclical sportsmen. Consumption of liquid food outside training has been observed in 76% of athletes. The mean volume of consumed liquid products varied by the user from 382 and 437 ml in complex coordination and game sports up to 504-553 ml in other sports. The daily fluid intake was maximum (2326 ml) in athletes engaged in martial arts, minimum (1009 ml) - in athletes of complex coordination sports.

Anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin in patients with chronic heart failure.

Proinflammatory markers were evaluated in patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic origin and essential hypertension with preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction before and after a 6-month course of simvastatin therapy (20 mg/day). The study was carried out in 125 patients with diastolic dysfunction manifested as impaired relaxation and pseudonormalization. The main group received standard therapy for chronic heart failure and simvastatin, controls received only standard therapy. In addition, the results in the main group were compared in patients with different types of left-ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Simvastatin therapy significantly reduced the levels of C-reactive protein and IL-6.

[The role of the Consultative and Diagnostic Centre "Healthy Nutrition" in the diagnosis and nutritional prevention of non-communicable diseases].

In a consultative and diagnostic center "Healthy Nutrition" of Institute of Nutrition the nutritional status of 3500 patients (mean age 48.4 ± 0.3 years) liv- ing in the Moscow region, using a system Nutritest IP-3, including genomic analysis has been examined. In the analysis of dietary intake by an average review, increased energy intake due to excess intake of the total (44.2% energy) and saturated fat (13.6%) has been shown. 30.0% of patients were overweight and 34.1% were obese. Osteopenia was detected in 31.0% of men and 25.0% women, osteoporosis--20.9% and 30.3%, respectively. Analysis of the results of biochemical studies revealed increased cholesterol in 68.7% of patients, LDL cholesterol--at 63.9%, triglycerides-- at 22.5%, glucose--at 29.4%. The frequency of the occurrence of risk alleles of genes associated with the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus was: 47.8%--for the polymorphism rs9939609 (FTO gene), 8.3%--for polymorphism rs4994 (gene ADRB3), 60.2%--for the polymorphism rs659366 (gene UCP2), 36.6%--for the rs5219 polymorphism in the gene of ATP-dependent potassium channel.

[Application of nutritional formulare in the dietotherapy in patients with cardiovascular diseases].

It was found that the including of nutritional formulae in the dietary therapy for patients with cardiovascular diseases and obesity has been evaluated, had a positive effect on the clinical presentation of disease, lipid metabolism and the dynamic of body composition of patients.

[Analysis by bioelectrical impedance of body composition of patients with cardiovascular diseases and obesity].

Authors of article have recently analyzed the dynamic of body composition of patients with cardiovascular diseases and obesity by bioelectrical impedance analysis. It was found a difference of body composition in different groups of patients.

[The nutrition analysis of the patients with cardio-vascular diseases].

Authors of article have recently analyzed the actual food intake from patients with cardiovascular diseases with the help of a new computer program, based on frequency method. It was found a disbalance of intake main food components in different groups of patients.