Dismantling the myth of "all foods fit" in eating disorder treatment.

We call for a reevaluation of the long-standing dogmatic nutritional principle that "all foods fit" for all cases of eating disorders (EDs) and its corollary, "there are no bad foods" (for anyone ever) during ED treatment. Based on accumulated scientific research, we challenge these ideologies as outdated, confusing, and potentially harmful to many patients. We review the evidence that indicates the folly of these assumptions and show there are a variety of exceptions to these rules, including (1) food allergies, sensitivities, and intolerances, (2) religious and spiritual preferences or doctrines, and (3) the ubiquitous emergence and widespread availability of ultra-processed foods leading to the potential development of addiction-like eating and a higher prevalence of various medical and psychiatric comorbidities, as well as higher mortality. This evidence supports a nutritional psychiatry approach that should be integrated into (rather than dissociated from) ED treatment research and practice.

Does additional weekend and holiday physiotherapy benefit geriatric patients with hip fracture? - A case-historical control study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the new service model of additional weekend and holiday physiotherapy (PT) by comparing functional outcomes and hospital length of stay between a group of geriatric patients with hip fracture receiving daily PT training and a group of geriatric patients with hip fracture receiving weekdays PT training. METHODS: A retrospective case-historical control chart review was conducted and a total of 355 patients were identified. Between-group comparisons were done on functional outcomes including Modified Functional Ambulation Classification (MFAC), Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS), Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and process outcome in terms of length of stay (LOS) in hospitals. RESULTS: With similar characteristics, patients who received weekend and holiday PT training had a significant higher percentage of MFAC Category III and a significant lower percentage of MFAC Category II ( p = 0 . 015 ) and significant higher MBI scores ( mean ± standard deviation, median; Study group: 47 . 4 ± 19 . 6 points, 51 points; Control group: 43 . 0 ± 20 . 0 points, 43 points; p = 0 . 042 ) upon admission to rehabilitation hospital. A similar trend in EMS scores (Study group: 8 . 2 ± 5 . 5 points, 7 points; Control group: 8 . 4 ± 6 . 1 points, 6 points; p = 0 . 998 ) and MBI scores (Study group: 63 . 0 ± 23 . 4 points, 68 points; Control group: 61 . 2 ± 26 . 1 points, 64 points; p = 0 . 743 ) were observed upon discharge from the rehabilitation hospital. The average LOS in acute hospitals remained static (Study group: 7 . 7 ± 3 . 9 days, 7 days; Control group: 7 . 4 ± 5 . 0 days, 6 days; p = 0 . 192 ). The average LOS in rehabilitation hospital (Study group: 20 . 0 ± 5 . 5 days, 20 days; Control group: 24 . 3 ± 9 . 9 days, 23 days; p < 0 . 001 ) and total in-patient LOS (Study group: 26 . 7 ± 6 . 4 days, 26 days; Control group: 30 . 7 ± 11 . 2 days, 28 days; p < 0 . 001 ) were significantly reduced. A higher percentage of days having PT training during hospitalization in rehabilitation hospital was shown with the implementation of new service (Study group: 89.1%; Control group: 65.9%, p < 0 . 001 ). CONCLUSION: Additional weekend and holiday PT training in post-operative acute and rehabilitation hospitalization benefits geriatric patients with hip fracture in terms of improved training efficiency, where hospital LOS was shortened with more PT sessions, without any significant impacts on functional outcome.

Dependency of Heterochromatin Domains on Replication Factors.

Chromatin structure regulates both genome expression and dynamics in eukaryotes, where large heterochromatic regions are epigenetically silenced through the methylation of histone H3K9, histone deacetylation, and the assembly of repressive complexes. Previous genetic screens with the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe have led to the identification of key enzymatic activities and structural constituents of heterochromatin. We report here on additional factors discovered by screening a library of deletion mutants for silencing defects at the edge of a heterochromatic domain bound by its natural boundary-the IR-R+ element-or by ectopic boundaries. We found that several components of the DNA replication progression complex (RPC), including Mrc1/Claspin, Mcl1/Ctf4, Swi1/Timeless, Swi3/Tipin, and the FACT subunit Pob3, are essential for robust heterochromatic silencing, as are the ubiquitin ligase components Pof3 and Def1, which have been implicated in the removal of stalled DNA and RNA polymerases from chromatin. Moreover, the search identified the cohesin release factor Wpl1 and the forkhead protein Fkh2, both likely to function through genome organization, the Ssz1 chaperone, the Fkbp39 proline cis-trans isomerase, which acts on histone H3P30 and P38 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the chromatin remodeler Fft3. In addition to their effects in the mating-type region, to varying extents, these factors take part in heterochromatic silencing in pericentromeric regions and telomeres, revealing for many a general effect in heterochromatin. This list of factors provides precious new clues with which to study the spatiotemporal organization and dynamics of heterochromatic regions in connection with DNA replication.

Polymorphisms of ERCC1 genotype associated with response to imatinib therapy in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia.

DNA repair machinery may contribute to the mechanism of the action in imatinib. We examined the association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers involved in the DNA repair enzyme pathway (ERCC1/2/4/5, XRCC1/2/4/5) and the clinical outcomes following an imatinib therapy in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. A total of 169 Korean patients were included. Of the 19 SNPs from these patients, those with the TT genotype of ERCC1 (rs11615) showed a higher probability of achieving major cytogenetic response [P = 0.002, HR 5.14 (95 % CI 1.83-14.43)], complete cytogenetic response [P = 0.012, HR 3.47 (95 % CI 1.31-9.17)], and major molecular response [P = 0.001, HR 5.71 (95 % CI 2.13-15.30)] than those with CC or CT genotypes. This suggests that SNP markers on ERCC1 may predict the response to imatinib therapy, which proposes the potential involvement of the DNA repair machinery in the mechanism of imatinib action in chronic phase CML.

Novel Mutations in CEBPA in Korean Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia with a Normal Karyotype

Mutations in the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha gene (CEBPA) are found in 5-14% of the patients with AML and have been associated with a favorable clinical outcome. In this study, we aimed to assess the frequencies and characteristics of mutations in CEBPA. Between 2006 and 2009, CEBPA mutations were assessed using archival DNA samples obtained from 30 consecutive adult patients diagnosed with AML with a normal karyotype at our institution. CEBPA mutations were detected using direct sequencing analyses. These mutations were detected and described with reference to GenBank Accession No. NM_004364.3. In our series, CEBPA mutations were detected in 4 patients (13.3%). These mutations occurred as double mutations in all 4 patients. Among the 8 mutant alleles, 5 were novel (c.179_180dupCG, c.50_53delGCCA, c.178_182delACGTinsTTT, c.243_244insGTCG, and c.923_924insCTC). The frequency of occurrence of CEBPA mutations in Korean patients with AML is comparable to that in previous reports. Long-term follow-up data from a larger series of patients with comprehensive molecular profiling are needed to delineate the prognostic implications.