ABSTRACT
Industrial chemistry in the new millennium is widely adopting the concept of "Green chemistry" to meet the fundamental scientific challenges. Antihypertensive drugs include several of the most widely prescribed drugs like diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and α-1 adrenoreceptor blockers. The discovery of prazosin, with very high index of α1/α2 affinity has triggered off a renaissance of interest in α1-adrenoceptor antagonist drugs for treatment of hypertension. The three reported routes for synthesis and manufacture of the α-adrenoceptor antagonist- prazosin had some disadvantages. In present study we had developed new methods for the synthesis of prazosin by using microwave. The most important aspect is the overall yield of this process was ~25 % higher than the other reported methods excluding the use of banned substances.
ABSTRACT
AIMS: Patients with an absent or dysfunctional spleen are at risk of infection by encapsulated and other bacteria. Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) causes most concern because it can result in significant mortality. A retrospective review of splenectomised patients in a tertiary care setting over an eight year period was carried out to determine whether current postsplenectomy guidelines were being followed. METHODS: The cases were identified from the medical records and pathology files and data such as the reason for splenectomy, the preventive measures taken regarding vaccination, and antibiotic prophylaxis, together with their documentation in the discharge notes were assessed. RESULTS: Fifty six patients were studied. Trauma, both blunt and penetrating, was the most common reason for splenectomy. Thirty six patients received pneumococcal vaccination, with 20 patients having no mention of vaccination in their case notes. The discharge notes of 50 patients mentioned their splenectomised status; however, documentation of vaccination details in the discharge summary was poor, with only three patients having the relevant information recorded. Documentation of the need for future vaccination and precautions required in the asplenic condition was also lacking. Nine patients had postsplenectomy complications, although there were no cases of OPSI. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to standard guidelines for the management of splenectomised patients was unsatisfactory. There is a need for an improvement of the vaccination rate and careful documentation of this important health risk in the discharge summaries. Maintenance of a splenectomy registry could aid in optimising the management of these patients.
Subject(s)
Guideline Adherence , Medical Audit , Postoperative Care/standards , Splenectomy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , India , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Retrospective Studies , VaccinationSubject(s)
Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology , Papilloma, Intraductal/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Catheterization, Central Venous/methods , Jugular Veins , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, NewbornSubject(s)
Bronchoscopes , Eyeglasses/standards , Foreign Bodies/therapy , Respiratory System , Child , Child, Preschool , Foreign Bodies/epidemiology , Humans , India/epidemiology , InfantABSTRACT
Split notochord syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly. We present the history of a 16-day-old male infant who presented to us with a lumbosacral meningomyelocoele and a dorsal enteric fistula along with the cleft of lower vertebrae. Review of the literature, has revealed eight such cases with very few survivals. We successfully treated the patient.
Subject(s)
Intestinal Fistula/diagnosis , Meningomyelocele/diagnosis , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Notochord , Rectal Fistula/diagnosis , SyndromeSubject(s)
Ileal Diseases/etiology , Intestinal Perforation/etiology , Jejunal Diseases/etiology , Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal/complications , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Intestinal Perforation/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Rupture, Spontaneous , Sigmoid Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
Several modifications of the biphasic liquid-scintillation vial system for radiometry have been tried in order to improve the counting efficiency. The biphasic system consisted of an inner sterile vial containing medium and substrate, and an outer liquid-scintillation vial lined on the inside with filter paper impregnated with scintillation fluors and alkali. The system gave an overall counting efficiency of 14.6%. Substitution of methanolic NaOH for impregnation of the paper raised the counting efficiency to 29.1%. This could be further enhanced to 33.8% by lining only half of the outer vial with filter paper, thereby allowing improved optical transmission of scintillation light. Increasing the amount of fluor did not change the efficiency significantly. A complete interchange in the system, whereby half of the inner vial was lined with filter paper and was otherwise empty, while the outer vial contained the medium and substrate, gave the highest efficiency (36.9%). This also allowed the use of larger amounts of medium and the inoculum.
