ABSTRACT
Dermatomyositis represents a rare inflammatory myopathy that induces inflammation in the muscles or related tissues, including the blood vessels supplying these muscles. The precise pathogenesis of this condition remains unknown. Diagnosis typically relies on clinical indicators such as skin rashes, progressive muscle weakness, elevated serum muscle enzymes, abnormal electromyogram results, and muscle biopsy. In this case study, we report a fatal case of dermatomyositis in a 23-year-old female patient who succumbed to complications of dermatomyositis, causing mortality without any evidence of malignancy.
ABSTRACT
This review comprehensively explores emerging techniques for detecting microvascular complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), addressing the critical need for advancements in early detection and management. As T2DM continues to rise globally, microvascular complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality associated with the condition. The review synthesizes key findings, revealing various emerging technologies, from advanced imaging modalities to genomic and proteomic approaches. It underscores the potential for personalized medicine, emphasizing the importance of tailoring diagnostic strategies to individual patient profiles. Challenges, including the lack of standardized criteria and issues related to patient adherence, highlight the necessity for collaborative efforts. The conclusion issues a call to action, advocating for enhanced collaboration, increased research investment, patient empowerment through education, and seamless integration of emerging diagnostic techniques into routine clinical care. The review envisions a transformative shift in detecting and managing microvascular complications in T2DM, ultimately improving patient outcomes and contributing to a healthier future for individuals affected by this prevalent metabolic disorder.
ABSTRACT
This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the intricate relationship between statins and stroke prevention within the broader context of cardiovascular health. Delving into the mechanisms of statins, we elucidate their multifaceted contributions, ranging from cholesterol reduction to pleiotropic effects on the vascular system. Through a meticulous analysis of clinical trials, observational studies, and mechanistic investigations, we underscore the pivotal role of statins as integral components in the arsenal against strokes and associated cardiovascular events. The implications extend beyond statins as standalone interventions, emphasizing the potential for synergistic integration into broader stroke prevention strategies. Tailoring interventions to individual patient profiles and understanding the interplay with lifestyle modifications and other pharmacological approaches present opportunities for optimizing efficacy. Recommendations for future research advocate for continued exploration into the long-term effects of statin therapy, novel intervention combinations, and refined predictive models for personalized risk assessment. On a practical level, enhancing patient education, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and addressing barriers to medication adherence emerge as crucial aspects for real-world impact. In navigating this evolving landscape, the insights derived from this review contribute to informed decision-making and advancements in preventive cardiovascular medicine.
ABSTRACT
Pancreatic divisum, a rare developmental anomaly of the pancreas, is infrequently observed in young individuals and is a recognized cause of recurrent acute pancreatitis, ultimately progressing to chronic pancreatitis. Chronic alcoholism is a prevalent and significant etiological factor contributing to both recurrent acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. This case report details the presentation of a 28-year-old patient with a history of chronic alcoholism, exhibiting recurrent acute pancreatitis evolving into chronic pancreatitis. Diagnostic evaluation revealed the presence of pancreatic divisum with associated pancreatic intraductal calculi, a common trigger for pancreatitis. The patient underwent successful management through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, pancreatic lithotripsy, and pigtail pancreatic stent placement. This case highlights the complex interplay between chronic alcoholism leading to recurrent acute pancreatitis and pancreatic divisum, a rare congenital anomaly, which is found later in this case, complicating the disease.
ABSTRACT
Polypharmacy refers to using and consuming multiple drugs as part of the treatment for a disease or disorder. Polypharmacy can lead to an increase in the number of drug overdose emergencies. Age-related metabolic changes and reduced drug clearance in older adults can result in severe drug reactions and other clinical consequences, which can sometimes be fatal, raising concerns about the safety of polypharmacy. We discuss a case of a 50-year-old female who presented to us in a drowsy state after an antipsychiatry (antipsychotic and antidepressant) polypill overdose with 200 tablets and was successfully treated with hemodialysis. This case report highlights that prompt treatment initiation based on the patient's clinical status and drug serum levels is crucial to achieving the best outcomes.
ABSTRACT
This case report of a rare condition involving situs inversus partialis, wandering spleen, and a single atrium. Situs inversus partialis is a congenital developmental defect in which the abdominal or thoracic organs are reversed to the opposite side of the body across the sagittal plane. The case report highlights the congenital developmental anomaly and the diagnostic and management complexities associated with this condition. The patient in this case has survived to the age of 24, despite the presence of a single atrium. In the existing literature, situs inversus is a known congenital condition, but partial situs inversus is less common. A wandering spleen is also a rare condition characterized by splenic hypermobility. The combination of situs inversus partialis, a wandering spleen, and a single atrium is particularly unusual and has limited reported cases. Therefore, this research contributes to the existing literature by providing a unique case report and highlighting the challenges associated with diagnosis and management in such cases.
ABSTRACT
Proximal myotonic myopathy (PROMM) is normally associated with bilateral proximal weakness of lower limbs, slight elevation of liver enzymes, and cataracts. Myotonic dystrophy and PROMM are both autosomal dominant disorders, but gene study is completely normal in the case of PROMM. The most important differential diagnosis of PROMM is myotonic dystrophy. In our case, we reported late-onset PROMM in a patient 42 years old whose symptoms started at the age of 33 years; genetic evaluation of both myotonic dystrophy type 1 and myotonic dystrophy type 2 came out to be normal; therefore, the diagnosis of exclusion PROMM was made, which is a rare entity.
ABSTRACT
A 35-year-old male patient, a farmer by occupation, presented with a complaint of deviation of the angle of the mouth towards the right side while speaking. A cerebrovascular event was suspected in this patient. He had a history of exposure to propane and cypermethrin while spraying insecticide in his field. He has a history of chronic exposure to these compounds. Intermediate syndrome (IMS) also known as type II syndrome was diagnosed in this patient with the help of neuroimaging. On evaluation, the patient was found to be having oromandibular dystonia, which is an extrapyramidal symptom of type II syndrome.
